Experimental Design Interrogation of Network Simulation Models of U.S. Army Command and Control Centers

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam E. Middlebrooks ◽  
Robert C. Williges
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Study Finding ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Network Computer ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
And Control

Using a task network computer simulation previously developed by the U.S. Army to investigate workload conditions in a command and control center, this project developed new methodologies to use computer simulations to predict conditions for optimal human performance. By using an experimental design to interrogate the model to see what the decision makers in the work team deemed to be important, predictions were made about how the work domain could be optimized for the most efficient human performance. An augmented fractional-factorial design was developed that allowed an analysis of the main effect for each independent variable along with predictions of higher order components that might exist in each main effect. A major study finding was the extent to which battalion commanders focused their attention on establishing and maintaining situational awareness during combat operations and the need to present information to the commander in a way that supported rather than detracted from situation understanding.

Attention Allocation to Physically Separate Task and Situation Displays in a Command and Control Setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1130-1134
Author(s):  
H. Golan ◽  
A. Parush ◽  
E. Jaffe
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Emergency Medical Services ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Attention Allocation ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Allocation Strategy ◽  
Individual Task ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
And Control

Using a simulated Emergency Medical Services (EMS) dispatch center during multi-casualty incident management, this study explored whether the presence of a separate situation display in a Command and Control (C2) setting might require attention at the expense of attending an individual task display, and how it influenced performance and situational awareness. Overall, participants always attended the task display more than the situation display. However, the situation display drew attention at the expense of attending less the task display. The presence of the situation display was related to improved performance and better situational awareness (SA), particularly in the projection level of the SA, which could account also for the better decision-making performance. Participants may have developed an attention allocation strategy to effectively utilize the information of the situation display and execute their tasks on the task display.

Model-Based Simulation to Examine Command and Control Issues with Remotely Operated Vehicles

2008 ◽  
pp. 199-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasanka Prabhala ◽  
Subhashini Ganapathy ◽  
S. Narayanan ◽  
Jennie J. Gallimore ◽  
Raymond R. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Remotely Operated Vehicles ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
And Control

With increased interest in the overall employment of pilotless vehicles functioning in the ground, air, and marine domains for both defense and commercial applications, the need for high-fidelity simulation models for testing and validating the operational concepts associated with these systems is very high. This chapter presents a model-based approach that we adopted for investigating the critical issues in the command and control of remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) through an interactive model-based architecture. The domain of ROVs is highly dynamic and complex in nature. Hence, a proper understanding of the simulation tools, underlying system algorithms, and user needs is critical to realize advanced simulation system concepts. Our resulting simulation architecture integrates proven design concepts such as the model-view-controller paradigm, distributed computing, Web-based simulations, cognitive model-based high-fidelity interfaces and object-based modeling methods.

Legibility Criteria in Design and Selection of Data Displays for Group Viewing

1979 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 411-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Shurtleff ◽  
W. Wuersch
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
And Control ◽  
Display Systems ◽  
Selection Of

This study proposes a methodology and legibility criteria for use in the design and selection of group display systems for new and existing command and control facilities. The methodology and criteria are based upon objective human performance data derived from studies in which key display parameters were related to observers' ability to identify displayed data.

scholarly journals WESTT (workload, error, situational awareness, time and teamwork): an analytical prototyping system for command and control

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Houghton ◽  
Chris Baber ◽  
Malcolm Cowton ◽  
Guy H. Walker ◽  
Neville A. Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals A Novel Method of Spatiotemporal Dynamic Geo-Visualization of Criminal Data, Applied to Command and Control Centers for Public Safety

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Mayra Salcedo-Gonzalez ◽  
Julio Suarez-Paez ◽  
Manuel Esteve ◽  
Jon Ander Gómez ◽  
Carlos Enrique Palau
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
National Police ◽  
And Control

This article shows a novel geo-visualization method of dynamic spatiotemporal data that allows mobility and concentration of criminal activity to be study. The method was developed using, only and significantly, real data of Santiago de Cali (Colombia), collected by the Colombian National Police (PONAL). This method constitutes a tool that allows criminal influx to be analyzed by concentration, zone, time slot and date. In addition to the field experience of police commanders, it allows patterns of criminal activity to be detected, thereby enabling a better distribution and management of police resources allocated to crime deterrence, prevention and control. Additionally, it may be applied to the concepts of safe city and smart city of the PONAL within the architecture of Command and Control System (C2S) of Command and Control Centers for Public Safety. Furthermore, it contributes to a better situational awareness and improves the future projection, agility, efficiency and decision-making processes of police officers, which are all essential for fulfillment of police missions against crime. Finally, this was developed using an open source software, it can be adapted to any other city, be used with real-time data and be implemented, if necessary, with the geographic software of any other C2S.

Shipboard Communications: Quantifying Operator Capabilities and Limitations

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (23) ◽  
pp. 1900-1904
Author(s):  
E. Bardine Debra ◽  
F. Wallace Daniel ◽  
Udo Goff ◽  
Christine Schlichting
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Navy ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Breaking Point ◽  
Voice Communications ◽  
Audio Channel ◽  
Subject Experiment ◽  
And Control

As the United States Navy moves towards a reduction in manning aboard future ships, the number and complexity of tasks the warfighter must perform remains high. One responsibility of the warfighter that is very taxing on his/her audio channel is the handling of voice communications. To determine the “breaking point” in handling these voice communications, researchers used a fully developed scenario to test the capabilities and limitations of typical Navy watchstanders when subjected to a varying number of active communications circuits. Metrics such as accuracy and latency of response were used to measure human performance. In addition, a between-subject experiment was used to determine whether or not a simulated speech-to-text tool would help to improve warfighter performance on a communications task, while not degrading performance on a primary, tactical task. The experiment was performed in the Integrated Command Environment (ICE) lab at NAVSEA Dahlgren, a testbed for future command and control concepts and a vehicle to solicit valuable feedback from members of the fleet.

scholarly journals Securing interoperable and integrated command and control of unmanned systems – building on the successes of Unmanned Warrior

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Smith ◽  
W Biggs
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Unmanned Vehicles ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Iterative Development ◽  
The Us ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Run Up ◽  
And Control

The objective of more complete integration of unmanned vehicles into maritime command and control systems has been set out in previous papers, as has the progress made through the MAPLE (Maritime Autonomous Platform Exploitation) and the demonstrations undertaken at Unmanned Warrior in 2016.  This paper details the significant progress that has subsequently been achieved in the fourth phase of MAPLE, in the run up to a further set of demonstrations in Australia in late 2018.  Using a comprehensive synthetic environment and a process of iterative development, the ACER (Autonomy Control Exploitation and Realisation) demonstrator is being updated to include new functionality that closes gaps in the MAPLE visionary Persistent Architecture (PA).  Specifically this will introduce enhanced Situational Awareness for the operator during Mission Execution, providing details of UxV asset and payload status.  Additional functionality will also provide Payload control.  Summarising these developments and outlining their significance, the paper will give illustrations of potential applications.  Ahead of the Australian Wizard of Aus demonstrations, under the multinational technology co-operation programme (TTCP) and part of Autonomous Warrior, the MAPLE team will further support the STANAG 4586 interface and will undertake derisking work in preparation for the integration of TTCP vehicles provided by Australia, New Zealand and the US. The paper outlines the relevance of this development and how it will be utilised in the Australian demonstration.  Finally, the paper will look forward to the developments planned in both future phase of MAPLE and under QinetiQ’s participation with the multinational EU Ocean 2020 programme.

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