Robot Emotive Display Systems and the Analogous Physical Features of Emotion

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1344-1348
Author(s):  
Jonathan E. Velez ◽  
Florian Jentsch
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Standard Design ◽  
And Function ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
Design Protocol ◽  
Display Systems ◽  
Action Tendencies

Robots are currently utilized by various civilian and military agencies, and are becoming more common in human environments. These machines can vary in form and function, but require an interface supporting naturalistic social interactions. Emotion is a key component of social interaction that conveys states and action tendencies, and standard design protocol is necessary to guide the research and development of emotive display systems so that reliable implementations are supported. This work suggests a framework for conveying emotion based on the analogous physical features of emotive cues and their associations with the dimensions of emotion. Sound, kinesics, and color can be manipulated according to their speed, intensity, regularity, and extent to convey the emotive states of a robot. Combinations of cues can enhance human recognition accuracy of robot emotion, but further research is necessary to understand the extent of these interactions and establish each parameter space.

scholarly journals INTERAKSI SOSIAL PADA KUMPULAN CERPEN POTONGAN CERITA DI KARTU POS KARANGAN AGUS NOOR DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN SASTRA DI SMA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-134
Author(s):  
Rahmah Purwahida
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Social ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
And Function

This research aims to describe the form and function of social interaction in six short stories called Potongan Cerita di Kartu Pos by Agus Noor. The qualitative descriptive method is used by using content analysis technique. The results show that: (1) the social interactions in short stories are associative social and dissociative social interactions, the dissociative social interaction is dominant in social interaction; and (2) the embodiment of this social interaction serves as the presence of social life in the society in short story as one of fictions form. Keywords: form, function, social interaction, Potongan Cerita di Kartu Pos   Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan wujud dan fungsi interaksi sosial dalam keenam cerpen pada kumpulan cerpen Potongan Cerita di Kartu Pos karangan Agus Noor. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik analisis isi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) wujud interaksi sosial dalam cerpen-cerpen pada kumpulan cerpen ini berupa interaksi sosial asosiatif dan disosiatif, interaksi sosial yang dominan yaitu interaksi sosial disosiatif; dan (2) perwujudan interaksi sosial ini berfungsi sebagai penghadiran kehidupan sosial di masyarakat dalam cerpen sebagai salah satu bentuk fiksi. Kata kunci: wujud, fungsi, interaksi sosial, Potongan Cerita di Kartu Pos

scholarly journals ‘If they weren’t in the Pub, they Probably wouldn’t Even Know each Other’: Alcohol, Sociability and Pub Based Leisure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Thurnell-Read
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
The Social ◽  
To Come ◽  
And Function

Abstract While the form and function of pubs is diverse and has changed over time, there remains an at least notional consensus that the pub plays an important social function by providing a place for people to come together in pleasurable and meaningful social interaction. Drawing on qualitative research involving focus groups with pub goers and interviews with pub staff, this paper examines the forms of sociability that take place in UK pubs. Pubs are shown to be sites for varied social interactions which differ in form, intensity and meaning. This includes regular pub going rooted in customer routines but also occasional pub going linked to a wider range of events and associated leisure activities. A common theme across these forms of pub sociability is the value placed on feelings of social connections provided by different forms of social interaction and sociability which are facilitated by the hospitable atmospheres many pubs offer. Pubs are therefore cast as important sites through which various forms of sociability are enacted and enabled. The article contributes to ongoing debates about the social role of alcohol based leisure practises but also stresses the decentring of intoxication apparent in many of these accounts and, further, indicates an increasing diversification of pub based leisure.

scholarly journals The broaden–and–build theory of positive emotions

2004 ◽  
Vol 359 (1449) ◽  
pp. 1367-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara L. Fredrickson
Keyword(s):  
Close Relationships ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Social Bonds ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Resources ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Broaden And Build Theory ◽  
And Function ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Action Tendencies

The broaden–and–build theory describes the form and function of a subset of positive emotions, including joy, interest, contentment and love. A key proposition is that these positive emotions broaden an individual's momentary thought–action repertoire: joy sparks the urge to play, interest sparks the urge to explore, contentment sparks the urge to savour and integrate, and love sparks a recurring cycle of each of these urges within safe, close relationships. The broadened mindsets arising from these positive emotions are contrasted to the narrowed mindsets sparked by many negative emotions (i.e. specific action tendencies, such as attack or flee). A second key proposition concerns the consequences of these broadened mindsets: by broadening an individual's momentary thought–action repertoire—whether through play, exploration or similar activities—positive emotions promote discovery of novel and creative actions, ideas and social bonds, which in turn build that individual's personal resources; ranging from physical and intellectual resources, to social and psychological resources. Importantly, these resources function as reserves that can be drawn on later to improve the odds of successful coping and survival. This chapter reviews the latest empirical evidence supporting the broaden–and–build theory and draws out implications the theory holds for optimizing health and well–being.

Some aspects of form and function of humor in adolescence

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Führ
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Sense Of Humor ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Town Area

AbstractThis study investigates the use, form and function of humor for children aged 12–16 years in two different schools including 47 participants through interviews and 112 participants in a questionnaire. The assumption is made, that developmental changes in form and function of humor for children aged 12–13 years may be influenced by their actual environmental settings and their actual tasks. Data from 12–16 year old children from two schools (school 1, in the countryside with grade 1 to 7 and school 2 in an town area with grade 1 to 10) is analyzed to see whether adult humor appears at an earlier stage in school 1. Finally, the study considers the importance of children's sense of humor in problem solving and social interaction during the period 12–16 years.

scholarly journals On the evolution of baboon greeting rituals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Dal Pesco ◽  
Julia Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Contest Competition ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
And Function ◽  
Aggressive Signals

To balance the trade-offs of male co-residence, males living in multi-male groups may exchange ritualized greetings. Although these non-aggressive signals are widespread in the animal kingdom, the repertoire described in the genus Papio is exceptional, involving potentially harmful behaviours such as genital fondling. Such greetings are among the most striking male baboon social interactions, yet their function remains disputed. Drawing on the comprehensive analysis from our own research on wild Guinea baboons, combined with a survey of the literature into other baboon species, we review the form and function of male-male ritualized greetings and their relation to the various social systems present in this genus. These ritualized signals differ between species in their occurrence, form, and function. While ritualized greetings are rare in species with the most intense contest competition, the complexity of and risk involved in greeting rituals increase with the degree of male-male tolerance and cooperation. The variety of societies found in this genus, combined with its role as a model for human socioecological evolution, sheds light on the evolution of ritualized behaviour in non-human primates and rituals in humans.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in the Form and Function of Naturally Occurring Smiles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Hansen ◽  
Jared Martin ◽  
Paula Niedenthal ◽  
Adrienne Wood
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Recent Approach ◽  
And Function ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opposite Gender

Through their nuanced ability to reinforce, reassure, and judge, smiles accomplish many tasks in daily interactions. A recent approach proposes that there are at least three distinct types of smiles: reward, affiliation, and dominance, which are predicted to take different physical forms and serve unique functions in social communication. Although American women are socialized to smile more often than men, it is possible that gender differences in smile behavior depend upon social context. For instance, since it is more acceptable for men to convey status, men may produce smiles with more pronounced dominance features than women. Conversely, since women are socialized to convey harmlessness, women may produce smiles with stronger affiliation features than men. To test these hypotheses, we filmed participant pairs interacting while watching humorous videos relevant to the tasks of reward, affiliation, and dominance. We extracted all visible smiles and quantified their physical features using automated face coding software. As expected, female participants smiled more often in the affiliation context and less in the dominance context and displayed smiles with more affiliation features than males overall. Furthermore, participants’ smiles in the dominance context contained more features characteristic of dominance when they were interacting with an opposite-gender partner. This study—the first to examine naturally-elicited smiles in reward, affiliation, and dominance contexts—suggests the relationship between gender and smiling norms is nuanced and depends on the smiler’s communicative intent.

Form and function in religious signaling under pathogen stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Swartwout ◽  
Benjamin Grant Purzycki ◽  
Richard Sosis
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
Economic Exchange ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Religious Rituals ◽  
And Function

AbstractThe evolution of religious traditions may be partially explained by out-group avoidance due to pathogen stress. However, many religious rituals may increase rather than decrease performers' susceptibility to infection. Moreover, religions often spread through proselytizing, which requires out-group interaction; and in other cases, the benefits of economic exchange increase religious pluralism and social interactions with out-groups.

scholarly journals On the evolution of baboon greeting rituals

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1805) ◽  
pp. 20190420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Dal Pesco ◽  
Julia Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Contest Competition ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
And Function ◽  
Aggressive Signals

To balance the trade-offs of male co-residence, males living in multi-male groups may exchange ritualized greetings. Although these non-aggressive signals are widespread in the animal kingdom, the repertoire described in the genus Papio is exceptional, involving potentially harmful behaviours such as genital fondling. Such greetings are among the most striking male baboon social interactions, yet their function remains disputed. Drawing on the comprehensive analysis from our own research on wild Guinea baboons, combined with a survey of the literature into other baboon species, we review the form and function of male–male ritualized greetings and their relation to the various social systems present in this genus. These ritualized signals differ between species in their occurrence, form and function. While ritualized greetings are rare in species with the most intense contest competition, the complexity of and risk involved in greeting rituals increase with the degree of male–male tolerance and cooperation. The variety of societies found in this genus, combined with its role as a model for human socioecological evolution, sheds light on the evolution of ritualized behaviour in non-human primates and rituals in humans. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Ritual renaissance: new insights into the most human of behaviours’.

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) of DNA and RNA

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Patricia G. Arscott ◽  
Gil Lee ◽  
Victor A. Bloomfield ◽  
D. Fennell Evans
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Calf Thymus ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

STM is one of the most promising techniques available for visualizing the fine details of biomolecular structure. It has been used to map the surface topography of inorganic materials in atomic dimensions, and thus has the resolving power not only to determine the conformation of small molecules but to distinguish site-specific features within a molecule. That level of detail is of critical importance in understanding the relationship between form and function in biological systems. The size, shape, and accessibility of molecular structures can be determined much more accurately by STM than by electron microscopy since no staining, shadowing or labeling with heavy metals is required, and there is no exposure to damaging radiation by electrons. Crystallography and most other physical techniques do not give information about individual molecules.We have obtained striking images of DNA and RNA, using calf thymus DNA and two synthetic polynucleotides, poly(dG-me5dC)·poly(dG-me5dC) and poly(rA)·poly(rU).

“Shhhh! Alex Has Something To Say”: AAC-SGD Use in the Classroom Setting

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Mellman ◽  
Laura S. DeThorne ◽  
Julie A. Hengst
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Classroom Community ◽  
Classroom Observations ◽  
Classroom Teachers ◽  
Classroom Setting ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Missed Opportunities

Abstract The present qualitative study was designed to examine augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) practices, particularly surrounding speech-generating devices (SGDs), in the classroom setting. We focused on three key child participants, their classroom teachers, and associated speech-language pathologists across three different schools. In addition to semi-structured interviews of all participants, six classroom observations per child were completed. Data were coded according to both pre-established and emergent themes. Four broad themes emerged: message-focused AAC use, social interactions within the classroom community, barriers to successful AAC-SGD use, and missed opportunities. Findings revealed a lack of SGD use in the classroom for two children as well as limited social interaction across all cases. We conclude by highlighting the pervasive sense of missed opportunities across these classroom observations and yet, at the same time, the striking resiliency of communicative effort in these cases.

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