Form and function in religious signaling under pathogen stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Swartwout ◽  
Benjamin Grant Purzycki ◽  
Richard Sosis
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
Economic Exchange ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Religious Rituals ◽  
And Function

AbstractThe evolution of religious traditions may be partially explained by out-group avoidance due to pathogen stress. However, many religious rituals may increase rather than decrease performers' susceptibility to infection. Moreover, religions often spread through proselytizing, which requires out-group interaction; and in other cases, the benefits of economic exchange increase religious pluralism and social interactions with out-groups.

Robot Emotive Display Systems and the Analogous Physical Features of Emotion

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1344-1348
Author(s):  
Jonathan E. Velez ◽  
Florian Jentsch
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Standard Design ◽  
And Function ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
Design Protocol ◽  
Display Systems ◽  
Action Tendencies

Robots are currently utilized by various civilian and military agencies, and are becoming more common in human environments. These machines can vary in form and function, but require an interface supporting naturalistic social interactions. Emotion is a key component of social interaction that conveys states and action tendencies, and standard design protocol is necessary to guide the research and development of emotive display systems so that reliable implementations are supported. This work suggests a framework for conveying emotion based on the analogous physical features of emotive cues and their associations with the dimensions of emotion. Sound, kinesics, and color can be manipulated according to their speed, intensity, regularity, and extent to convey the emotive states of a robot. Combinations of cues can enhance human recognition accuracy of robot emotion, but further research is necessary to understand the extent of these interactions and establish each parameter space.

Ritual activation: altars, cult statues, and temples

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte R. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Imperial Cult ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Religious Buildings ◽  
Religious Rituals ◽  
Religious Architecture ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Ritual Space ◽  
And Function

Religious buildings, altars, and cult statues are often conceived of as complementary, if not indivisible, elements of Roman republican and imperial cult sites. The design and function of religious architecture have been ascribed to their interaction, with the result that it is not uncommon for one to be used to explain the presence of the others: buildings were constructed to shelter cult statues, which were aligned with external altars to provide sightlines between the gods and their worshippers. Together the three components shaped ritual space and made communication with the divine intelligible and tangible. Yet these three elements were not inherent parts of all ancient religious rituals and venues. There is no evidence of dedicated religious buildings, altars, or cult statues at the water sources that received some of the earliest votive deposits in central Italy, such as the spring at Campoverde, and the arrangement of accumulated votive offerings and statuettes in caves such as the closed deposit of the Caverna della Stipe similarly suggests that no image was accorded particular prominence or accompanied by a permanent altar. Proposals that some Iron Age residences hosted ritual meals do not theorize the complementary presence of cult statues and open-air altars, nor do suggestions that Greco- Roman temples developed from aristocratic banqueting halls. If the resulting impression of an era without cult statues and prominent altars is correct, then histories of religious architecture should consider the evidence for the introduction of such features and their influence on the form and function of relevant cult buildings. This chapter will accordingly examine the archaeological evidence for pre-republican altars and cult statues in Latium and Etruria. It will explore the problematic identification of these religious accessories, and identify the quantity and nature of those that can be connected with cult buildings. The significance of altars and cult statues as religious markers, or potential means of distinguishing cult buildings from other structures, will also be considered. Finally, it will evaluate the theory that the introduction of altars and anthropomorphic cult statues stimulated the construction of monumental temples.

scholarly journals INTERAKSI SOSIAL PADA KUMPULAN CERPEN POTONGAN CERITA DI KARTU POS KARANGAN AGUS NOOR DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN SASTRA DI SMA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-134
Author(s):  
Rahmah Purwahida
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Social ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
And Function

This research aims to describe the form and function of social interaction in six short stories called Potongan Cerita di Kartu Pos by Agus Noor. The qualitative descriptive method is used by using content analysis technique. The results show that: (1) the social interactions in short stories are associative social and dissociative social interactions, the dissociative social interaction is dominant in social interaction; and (2) the embodiment of this social interaction serves as the presence of social life in the society in short story as one of fictions form. Keywords: form, function, social interaction, Potongan Cerita di Kartu Pos   Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan wujud dan fungsi interaksi sosial dalam keenam cerpen pada kumpulan cerpen Potongan Cerita di Kartu Pos karangan Agus Noor. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik analisis isi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) wujud interaksi sosial dalam cerpen-cerpen pada kumpulan cerpen ini berupa interaksi sosial asosiatif dan disosiatif, interaksi sosial yang dominan yaitu interaksi sosial disosiatif; dan (2) perwujudan interaksi sosial ini berfungsi sebagai penghadiran kehidupan sosial di masyarakat dalam cerpen sebagai salah satu bentuk fiksi. Kata kunci: wujud, fungsi, interaksi sosial, Potongan Cerita di Kartu Pos

scholarly journals On the evolution of baboon greeting rituals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Dal Pesco ◽  
Julia Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Contest Competition ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
And Function ◽  
Aggressive Signals

To balance the trade-offs of male co-residence, males living in multi-male groups may exchange ritualized greetings. Although these non-aggressive signals are widespread in the animal kingdom, the repertoire described in the genus Papio is exceptional, involving potentially harmful behaviours such as genital fondling. Such greetings are among the most striking male baboon social interactions, yet their function remains disputed. Drawing on the comprehensive analysis from our own research on wild Guinea baboons, combined with a survey of the literature into other baboon species, we review the form and function of male-male ritualized greetings and their relation to the various social systems present in this genus. These ritualized signals differ between species in their occurrence, form, and function. While ritualized greetings are rare in species with the most intense contest competition, the complexity of and risk involved in greeting rituals increase with the degree of male-male tolerance and cooperation. The variety of societies found in this genus, combined with its role as a model for human socioecological evolution, sheds light on the evolution of ritualized behaviour in non-human primates and rituals in humans.

scholarly journals ‘If they weren’t in the Pub, they Probably wouldn’t Even Know each Other’: Alcohol, Sociability and Pub Based Leisure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Thurnell-Read
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
The Social ◽  
To Come ◽  
And Function

Abstract While the form and function of pubs is diverse and has changed over time, there remains an at least notional consensus that the pub plays an important social function by providing a place for people to come together in pleasurable and meaningful social interaction. Drawing on qualitative research involving focus groups with pub goers and interviews with pub staff, this paper examines the forms of sociability that take place in UK pubs. Pubs are shown to be sites for varied social interactions which differ in form, intensity and meaning. This includes regular pub going rooted in customer routines but also occasional pub going linked to a wider range of events and associated leisure activities. A common theme across these forms of pub sociability is the value placed on feelings of social connections provided by different forms of social interaction and sociability which are facilitated by the hospitable atmospheres many pubs offer. Pubs are therefore cast as important sites through which various forms of sociability are enacted and enabled. The article contributes to ongoing debates about the social role of alcohol based leisure practises but also stresses the decentring of intoxication apparent in many of these accounts and, further, indicates an increasing diversification of pub based leisure.

scholarly journals BENTUK PENYAJIAN DAN FUNGSI MUSIK DALAM UPACARA THAU CHIT PADA AGAMA KHONGHUCU DI YAYASAN BUDI MULIA KECAMATAN LUBUK PAKAM KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
KRISTIAN SINAGA
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Research Use ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Religious Rituals ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Communication Function ◽  
Aesthetic Pleasure ◽  
And Function ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Presentation Form And Function In Ceremony Thau Music Chit On Confucian Religion inYayasan Budi Mulia Lubuk Pakam District of Deli Serdang. Faculty of Language and Art. StateUniversity of Medan. This study aims to determine rites Chit Thau, the usefulness of theinstrument, the form of presentation and function of music in Chit Thau ceremony at the Confucianreligion in Yayasan Budi Mulia Lubuk Pakam District of Deli Serdang. This study is based on atheoretical foundation that explains the sense of form, sense of presentation, understanding thefunction, understanding music, understanding, Thau ceremony Chit, and understanding ofConfucianism. This research was conducted at Yayasan Budi Mulia Lubuk pakam District of DeliSerdang in June to August 2015. The method in this research use descriptive qualitative researchmethods. The population in this study is saikong (prayer leaders), community, and musicians atthe ceremony Thau Chit Confucian Religion in Yayasan Budi Mulia Lubuk Pakam District of DeliSerdang, while samples totaling 28 people. Data collected through observation, interviews,documentation, and strudi literature. These results indicate that the rites Thau Chit divided intoeight parts, namely Huat Piau is cleaning the altar and sending letters to the god of hell. WangPai is a tribute to the gods of heaven. Old Phou is the process invites the god of the earth. TiauHun is the process of summoning spirits. Mong Ek is the process of bathing spirit. Iok Pai Wang isa tribute to the god of medicine. Sio Ui house burning spirit. And Koei Kio is the return of thespirit of the gods .. Uses istrument music at the ceremony Thau Confucianism is Choei Chit Khinand Er Hu as a carrier melody, as rithem drums, bells and la Bua carrier tempo. Form ofpresentation of the music at the ceremony Thau Chit Confucianism is divided into three parts,namely musical homage to the gods, notification to the spirit, and the spirit returns to music.There are three functions of the music at the ceremony Thau Chit Confucianism, which is afunction of aesthetic pleasure and emotional expression, communication function and endorsementof religious rituals and functions contributes to the continuity and stability of culture.

scholarly journals On the evolution of baboon greeting rituals

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1805) ◽  
pp. 20190420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Dal Pesco ◽  
Julia Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Contest Competition ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
And Function ◽  
Aggressive Signals

To balance the trade-offs of male co-residence, males living in multi-male groups may exchange ritualized greetings. Although these non-aggressive signals are widespread in the animal kingdom, the repertoire described in the genus Papio is exceptional, involving potentially harmful behaviours such as genital fondling. Such greetings are among the most striking male baboon social interactions, yet their function remains disputed. Drawing on the comprehensive analysis from our own research on wild Guinea baboons, combined with a survey of the literature into other baboon species, we review the form and function of male–male ritualized greetings and their relation to the various social systems present in this genus. These ritualized signals differ between species in their occurrence, form and function. While ritualized greetings are rare in species with the most intense contest competition, the complexity of and risk involved in greeting rituals increase with the degree of male–male tolerance and cooperation. The variety of societies found in this genus, combined with its role as a model for human socioecological evolution, sheds light on the evolution of ritualized behaviour in non-human primates and rituals in humans. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Ritual renaissance: new insights into the most human of behaviours’.

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) of DNA and RNA

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Patricia G. Arscott ◽  
Gil Lee ◽  
Victor A. Bloomfield ◽  
D. Fennell Evans
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Calf Thymus ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

STM is one of the most promising techniques available for visualizing the fine details of biomolecular structure. It has been used to map the surface topography of inorganic materials in atomic dimensions, and thus has the resolving power not only to determine the conformation of small molecules but to distinguish site-specific features within a molecule. That level of detail is of critical importance in understanding the relationship between form and function in biological systems. The size, shape, and accessibility of molecular structures can be determined much more accurately by STM than by electron microscopy since no staining, shadowing or labeling with heavy metals is required, and there is no exposure to damaging radiation by electrons. Crystallography and most other physical techniques do not give information about individual molecules.We have obtained striking images of DNA and RNA, using calf thymus DNA and two synthetic polynucleotides, poly(dG-me5dC)·poly(dG-me5dC) and poly(rA)·poly(rU).

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