Effects on Sustained Performance of 48 Hours of Continuous Work and Sleep Loss

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben B. Morgan ◽  
Bill R. Brown ◽  
Earl A. Alluisi
Keyword(s):  
Early Morning ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Work Efficiency ◽  
Sustained Performance ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Continuous Work ◽  
Synthetic Work ◽  
Work Technique ◽  
Measures Of Performance

The work efficiency of 10 subjects during a 48-hr period of continuous work and sleep loss was assessed using the synthetic-work technique. Performance during the period of stress was found to be significantly influenced by the circadian rhythm. Decrements first occurred after approximately 18 hr of continuous work, and performance decreased to an average of 82% of baseline during the early morning hours of the first night. Performance improved to about 90% of baseline during the daytime of the second day but decreased to approximately 67% during that night. All measures of performance recovered to baseline levels following a 24-hr period of rest and recovery.

Interaction of the Circadian Rhythm with the Effects of Continuous Work and Sleep-II

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-486
Author(s):  
Glynn D. Coates ◽  
Bill R. Brown ◽  
Ben B. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ability To Work ◽  
Work Period ◽  
Sustained Performance ◽  
Continuous Work ◽  
Synthetic Work

The synthetic-work approach was employed in an investigation of the effects of continuous work and sleep loss on sustained performance. Two crews of five subjects each worked continuously for 36 hr., slept 4 hr., and then returned to work 8 hr. per day. During the continuous-work period, one crew began work at 0400 hr. and the other at 1600 hr. Performance decrements were found to be significantly larger (33% as compared to 11%) and recovery to be less complete for the crew whose continuous work began during the low portion of the subjects' circadian rhythm (i.e., the crew beginning at 0400 hr.). Comparisons of these data with other continuous-work investigations (in which the continuous-work periods began at other points of the subjects' circadian rhythm) indicate that the circadian rhythm constitutes a primary determiner of man's ability to work continuously for extended periods of time and to recover from the effects of continuous work and sleep loss.

Work Schedules and Performance During Confinement

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Dean Chiles ◽  
Earl A. Alluisi ◽  
Oscar S. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Work Schedules ◽  
Significant Cost ◽  
Performance Tasks ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Sensitive Technique ◽  
Operator Performance ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Synthetic Work

Thirteen investigations were carried out as a part of an 8-year program of research on the performance effects of various work/rest schedules during confinement to a simulated aeorspace vehicle crew compartment. A total of 139 subjects were tested using a standard battery of performance tasks. The synthetic work approach used provided a reliable, face-valid, and sensitive technique for assessing complex operator performance. It was found that a man can work 12 hours per day on a 4-hours work/4-hours rest schedule for periods of at least 30 days. For shorter periods, a man can work 16 hours per day on a 4/2 schedule but at a significant cost to his reserves for meeting emergencies such as sleep loss. Circadian periodicities are found in psycho-physiological functions paralleled by similar periodicities in performance functions, the latter being subject to modification by special motivational instructions.

Effects of Illness (Phlebotomus Fever) on Sustained Performance and Muscular Output

1973 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben B. Morgan ◽  
Glynn D. Coates ◽  
Earl A. Alluisi
Keyword(s):  
Work Efficiency ◽  
Sustained Performance ◽  
Average Work ◽  
Experimental Subjects

During a period of illness with Phlebotomus fever, decrements in the performances of eight experimental subjects were found to be approximately 18% in average work efficiency (sustained performance) and 14% in average muscular output. Both aspects of performance had recovered completely four days after the day of peak illness. Analyses of 24 biomedical indices of infection were also computed, and the average biomedical response was found to have decreased approximately 26% during illness without recovery to normal levels at the end of the 15-day study.

scholarly journals STABILITY AND INSTABILITY OF AN OUTDOOR ILLUMINATION INSTALLATION

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
Klaus-Dieter Fröhner ◽  
Ze Li
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Lighting Design ◽  
Work Efficiency ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Stability And Instability ◽  
Visual Tasks ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Stability

Stability and instability are very important for the layout of real world processes concerning safety and health esp. when planned by scientists. The long‐term investigation of stability was carried out for the last ten years on the basis of the installation and the evaluation of an ergonomically designed outdoor illumination. In the depicted dynamic situation the lighting design influences directly visual discomfort and human performance and in the end stability and instability. The improvement of the adaptation of luminance and its influence on the visual tasks after the rearrangement are presented and discussed. The effective factors on the visual capability and performance of workers, work efficiency and potential accidents in the night shift, and furthermore the accelerators and barriers for the stability of the project are analysed and discussed.

Training for Sustained Performance: Moving Toward Long-Term Musician Development

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Clark ◽  
Tânia Lisboa
Keyword(s):  
Performing Arts ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Young Student ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Sustained Performance ◽  
Mental Demands ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Effective Use

Success in the performing arts, like sports, is dependent upon the acquisition and consistent use of a diverse range of skills. In sports, an understanding of safe and effective use of the body is required to facilitate long-term involvement in that activity. In order to assist athletes to attain their performance goals, and ensure healthy and sustained involvement, long-term athlete development (LTAD) models have been devised and adapted by professional sporting bodies throughout the world. LTAD models emphasize the intellectual, emotional, and social development of the athlete, encourage long-term participation in physical activities, and enable participants to improve their overall health and well-being and increase their life-long participation in physical activity. At present there is no such long-term development model for musicians. Yet musicians must cope with a multitude of career-related physical and mental demands, and performance-related injuries and career burnout are rife within the profession. Despite this, musicians’ training rarely addresses such issues and musicians are left largely to learn about them through either chance or accrued experience. This paper discusses key concepts and recommendations in LTAD models, together with music-specific research highlighting the need for the development of a comprehensive long-term approach to musicians’ training. The results of a survey of existing music training programs are compared to recommendations and the different development stages in LTAD models. Finally, implementation science is introduced as a methodological option for identifying how best to communicate the body of evidence-based knowledge concerning healthy and effective music-making to young student musicians.

Changes in the Performance of a Synthetic Work Task as a Function of Age, Gender, and Sleep Deprivation

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Nesthus ◽  
Alfretia L. Scarborough ◽  
David J. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Performance Testing ◽  
Federal Aviation Administration ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Time Sharing ◽  
Work Task ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Synthetic Work

A 34-hour sleep-loss study was conducted as part of a larger Department of Transportation-Federal Aviation Administration (DOT/FAA) fatigue research program to assess the ability of traditional and innovative measures to track drowsiness and fatigue. Twenty-seven subjects were grouped by age and gender, and randomly paired for weekend testing. Performance testing using a synthetic work task was completed 4, 10, 16, 22, 28, and 34 hr after waking at 6 am. The pattern of significant effects indicated that performance changes were associated with age, gender, and sleep loss. Significant age differences were found across sessions for a number of measures. Generally, the younger group demonstrated better overall performance than the older group; however, the performance of the younger group declined across sessions while the older group's performance remained relatively stable. Like previous research, the complex, time-sharing, synthetic work-task may have contributed to the age group differences. Two simple cognitive and psychomotor tasks also used in this study showed a significant age-related difference in only one measure. A better tolerance to the sleep-loss condition may explain the stable performance of the older group across sessions. Gender differences occurred during the latter sessions for several measures. The younger female group demonstrated the most significant decline in task performance across the last three sessions, presumably due to sleep loss-induced fatigue.

scholarly journals Personality, cognition and behavior in chimpanzees: a new approach based on Eysenck’s model

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9707
Author(s):  
Maria Padrell ◽  
David Riba ◽  
Yulán Úbeda ◽  
Federica Amici ◽  
Miquel Llorente
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Models ◽  
Food Reward ◽  
Animal Cognition ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Probability Of Success ◽  
Personality Ratings ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Measures Of Performance

Personality has been linked to individual variation in interest and performance in cognitive tasks. Nevertheless, this relationship is still poorly understood and has rarely been considered in animal cognition research. Here, we investigated the association between personality and interest, motivation and task performance in 13 sanctuary chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) housed at Fundació Mona (Spain). Personality was assessed with a 12-item questionnaire based on Eysenck’s Psychoticism-Extraversion-Neuroticism model completed by familiar keepers and researchers. Additionally, personality ratings were compared to behavioral observations conducted over an 11-year period. Experimental tasks consisted in several puzzle boxes that needed to be manipulated in order to obtain a food reward. Dependent variables included participation (as an indicator of interest), success and latency (as measures of performance), and losing contact with the task (as an indicator of motivation). As predicted, we obtained significant correlations between Eysenck’s personality traits and observed behaviors, although some expected associations were absent. We then analyzed data using Generalized Linear Mixed Models, running a model for each dependent variable. In both sexes, lower Extraversion and lower Dominance were linked to a higher probability of success, but this effect was stronger in females. Furthermore, higher Neuropsychoticism predicted higher probability of success in females, but not in males. The probability of losing contact with the task was higher in young chimpanzees, and in those rated lower on Extraversion and higher on Dominance. Additionally, chimpanzees rated higher on Neuropsychoticism were also more likely to stop interacting with the task, but again this was more evident in females. Participation and latency were not linked to any personality trait. Our findings show that the PEN may be a good model to describe chimpanzee personality, and stress the importance of considering personality when interpreting the results of cognitive research in non-human primates.

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