What are Video “Colorists” and How do we Human Factor them?

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 941-944
Author(s):  
Tyler Slake
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Human Operator ◽  
Pilot Testing ◽  
Work In Progress ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Film ◽  
Future Plans

This paper summarizes some of the work-in-progress in evaluating the role of the human operator in a novel system for colorizing black and white film. The findings of a series of initial structured observations and pilot testing are reported, followed by a series of sample human factors problems and possible solution approaches identified. Future plans for expanded efforts to study the new task of “coloring” are described.

Identification of hazards related to human factors in the railway transport system

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Iwona Karasiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Rail Transport ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Railway Traffic ◽  
Railway Safety

The article presents the significance of the analysis of threats related to the human factor in the rail transport system. The place and role of the human factor in the Directive on railway safety is described. Railway incidents in 2010–2017 were analyzed in terms of events caused by the direct action of employees in positions related to the safety and conduct of railway traffic. Methods that infrastructure managers and rail operators can use to correctly define the place and role of individual work posts in the organization and their impact on rail traffic safety are indicated. In addition, the article proposes a procedure for identifying threats in the area of the human factor, the interfaces associated with the work position of the traffic dispatcher are defined.

The Systematic Consideration of Human Factors in Vessel Collision Investigations

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 142-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan R. Emond
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Causal Chain ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Available Information

AbstractHistorically, human factors have caused or contributed to the cause of nearly every vessel collision. However, given the vast number and type of human factors that can possibly be involved, the typical marine investigator risks either considering these factors only superficially or becoming bogged down in an academic exercise. Beyond just saying the collision was caused by “human error,” the marine investigator should understand the role of human factors in the causal chain of events. Some human factor issues can be difficult to parse from the available information. This is particularly the case for historical events but is also true even where witnesses are available. Nonetheless, there are a number of key areas where hard facts can reveal human factor issues that directly caused or contributed to the collision or somehow exacerbate the results. This paper divides that consideration into three parts, (1) human factors that affect the risk of the collision occurring, (2) human factors that affect the response once risk of collision is perceived, and (3) human factors that affect witness perception and recollection after the accident. The construct described in this paper can be used by the investigator to ensure a systematic consideration of key human factors relevant to a collision.

Perception, Decision Making, and Skill in Relation to a Boating Operator's Performance

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
C. Christian Stiehl ◽  
James M. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Present State ◽  
Real World ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Human Operator ◽  
Performance Levels ◽  
Field Investigations

Basic human characteristics are applied to understanding the design and operation of boats. In particular, the processes of perception, skill, judgment and decision making are analyzed in the boating environment. Emphasis is given to (1) errors and hazards that are likely to result in the boating environment (both stressor-induced and others), and (2) areas where research is needed to determine the role of these human factors in boating. From our present state of knowledge, we can conclude that the human operator needs to be studied to determine the minimum safe levels of performance in each of these areas in the boating task. The proposed methodology involves field investigations with accident victims and constructing real-world test courses to gain data. Quantitative determinations of the safe levels of performance could allow the establishment of the necessary educational or regulatory procedures to assure these performance levels.

Human Factors in Cybersecurity

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
Esmeralda Kadena ◽  
Marsidi Gupi
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
The Third ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Security Incidents

Technological solutions in the mobile and digital era are becoming more helpful in informing the population, educational systems, monitoring, tracking the individuals, working, and spending time from home. On the other hand, the valuable information within such systems is posed to the risk of breaches at the individual and organizational level. As a result, cyber threats are constantly evolving. Many security incidents and data breaches are associated with the human factor. Respectively, this work highlights the importance of human factors in cybersecurity. Firstly, this article gives a brief overview of the topic and its significance. Then we present the most common risks in the cybersecurity field and their impacts. The third part emphasizes the role of human factors in security and elaborates on the behavioral approaches. Our conclusions are drawn in the last detail. To further our research, we plan to investigate behavioral science theories on understanding the influence of human factors in cybersecurity.

Development of an Automatic Landmine Detection and Marking System for the Demining Robot Gryphon

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 737-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex M. Kaneko ◽  
◽  
Edwardo F. Fukushima
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Landmine Detection ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Human Operator ◽  
Automatic Method ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Human Operators

Mechanical systems or robots are designed to support human operators during complex and dangerous tasks such as demining operations. Even though the robot Gryphon was created to automate these operations, some of its tasks still rely greatly on the human operator, who has few or no assisting tools to perform efficient decisions. During the landmine detection and marking task in special, the operator is totally responsible for analyzing the scanned data and pointing the potential targets, which makes the system performance unstable and vulnerable to human factors. This article proposes an automatic method for finding potential targets, which the operator has the simple role of accepting or not the decisions taken by the automatic method. Experimental results showed that time duration, POD and FAR were greatly improved compared to the former methods.

Superior 2X2 Slides

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 158-159
Author(s):  
Harry Schaefer ◽  
Bruce Wetzel
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
White Film

High resolution 24mm X 36mm positive transparencies can be made from original black and white negatives produced by SEM, TEM, and photomicrography with ease, convenience, and little expense. The resulting 2in X 2in slides are superior to 3¼in X 4in lantern slides for storage, transport, and sturdiness, and projection equipment is more readily available. By mating a 35mm camera directly to an enlarger lens board (Fig. 1), one combines many advantages of both. The negative is positioned and illuminated with the enlarger and then focussed and photographed with the camera on a fine grain black and white film.Specifically, a Durst Laborator 138 S 5in by 7in enlarger with 240/200 condensers and a 500 watt Opale bulb (Ehrenreich Photo-Optical Industries, Inc., New York, NY) is rotated to the horizontal and adjusted for comfortable eye level viewing.

An Application of the HFACS Method to Aviation Accidents in Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Munene
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Flight Training ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Decision Errors

Abstract. The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) methodology was applied to accident reports from three African countries: Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa. In all, 55 of 72 finalized reports for accidents occurring between 2000 and 2014 were analyzed. In most of the accidents, one or more human factors contributed to the accident. Skill-based errors (56.4%), the physical environment (36.4%), and violations (20%) were the most common causal factors in the accidents. Decision errors comprised 18.2%, while perceptual errors and crew resource management accounted for 10.9%. The results were consistent with previous industry observations: Over 70% of aviation accidents have human factor causes. Adverse weather was seen to be a common secondary casual factor. Changes in flight training and risk management methods may alleviate the high number of accidents in Africa.

Asiana Airlines Flight 214

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Chow ◽  
Stephen Yortsos ◽  
Najmedin Meshkati
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Flight Crew ◽  
Pilot Performance ◽  
Engineering Designs ◽  
Flight Deck

This article focuses on a major human factors–related issue that includes the undeniable role of cultural factors and cockpit automation and their serious impact on flight crew performance, communication, and aviation safety. The report concentrates on the flight crew performance of the Boeing 777–Asiana Airlines Flight 214 accident, by exploring issues concerning mode confusion and autothrottle systems. It also further reviews the vital role of cultural factors in aviation safety and provides a brief overview of past, related accidents. Automation progressions have been created in an attempt to design an error-free flight deck. However, to do that, the pilot must still thoroughly understand every component of the flight deck – most importantly, the automation. Otherwise, if pilots are not completely competent in terms of their automation, the slightest errors can lead to fatal accidents. As seen in the case of Asiana Flight 214, even though engineering designs and pilot training have greatly evolved over the years, there are many cultural, design, and communication factors that affect pilot performance. It is concluded that aviation systems designers, in cooperation with pilots and regulatory bodies, should lead the strategic effort of systematically addressing the serious issues of cockpit automation, human factors, and cultural issues, including their interactions, which will certainly lead to better solutions for safer flights.

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