Smokeless Tobacco and Oral Cancer: A Review of the Risks and Determinants

ABSTRACT Introduction Tobacco and tobacco-related products have been attributed to be causative factors for oral cancer. Newer, chewable, and commercially available smokeless tobacco (ST) products, such as gutka pose further threat in this direction. The aim of the study was to evaluate the risk of oral cancer associated with gutka and other ST products. Materials and methods A case-control study of 134 cases and 134 controls, over a period of 6 months (July–December 2014), was carried out at the Baqai University, Karachi, Pakistan. An interview-based questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, oral hygiene practices and type, duration, and frequency of use of tobacco-related products. Data were analyzed using the Pearson's chi-square (χ2) test with the level of significance set as p < 0.05. Results Gutka showed the highest odds ratio toward developing oral cancer ratio among all the tobacco-related products [odds ratio (OR) 5.54; 95% CI 2.83–10.83; p < 0.001)]. Participants who consumed other ST products also showed 2 to 4 times higher odds ratio of developing oral cancer than compared to those who did not consume these products. Conclusion The study provided strong evidence that gutka and other ST products are independent risk factors for oral cancer. Clinical significance This study highlights the strong association of different types of ST and oral cancer. This results in identification of high-risk groups for targeted screening for potential oral cancer lesions. How to cite this article Awan KH, Hussain QA, Patil S, Maralingannavar M. Assessing the Risk of Oral Cancer associated with Gutka and Other Smokeless Tobacco Products: A Case-control Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(9): 740-744.

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Smokeless Tobacco and Its Ill-Effects: Recent Literature Update

Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1735598 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hitesh R. Singhavi ◽

Arjun Singh ◽

Pankaj Chaturvedi

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Oral Cancer ◽

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Recent Literature ◽

Systematic Search ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Oral Carcinogenesis

AbstractAccording to the Global Adult Tobacco Survey part 2 (GATS-2), approximately 200 million adult Indians consume smokeless tobacco (SLT). Circumvention of SLT product ban has been observed. We conducted a review of the literature to summarize the ill effects of tobacco for the articles published from 2019 to 2020. A systematic search of the databases PubMed (2019 onward) and Web of Science (2019 onward), through February 2021 was done. Search yielded 1,061 articles and after excluding articles based on the inclusion criteria, 37 articles were taken in to consideration. The review shows that differential SLT product has specific odds of oral carcinogenesis. Review also indicates the emerging data of cardiovascular risk due to higher use of SLT products along with its known cause of oral cancer. It also cautions about the adverse consequences of pregnancy associated with SLT use.

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Smokeless tobacco (shamma) and oral cancer in Saudi Arabia

Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology ◽

10.1111/j.1600-0528.1998.tb02038.x ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 398-405

Author(s):

William F. Allard ◽

Edward B. DeVol ◽

Ofelia B. Te

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Oral Cancer ◽

Smokeless Tobacco

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Smokeless tobacco and oral cancer: A review

Indian Journal of Oral Sciences ◽

10.4103/0976-6944.106458 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 74 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jagriti Gupta ◽

KrishnaKumar Gupta ◽

Arpita Kabiraj ◽

FahadMansoor Samadi

Keyword(s):

Oral Cancer ◽

Smokeless Tobacco

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577 Association Between the Use of Smokeless Tobacco and Cancer of Gingivobuccal Sulcus

British Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1093/bjs/znab259.582 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽

Author(s):

D S Sahni ◽

A Bamania ◽

S Ramsaha

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Oral Cancer ◽

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Indian Subcontinent ◽

Strong Association ◽

Cancer Staging ◽

New Delhi ◽

Prime Concern ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

History Of

Abstract Background Although oral cancer accounts for 2.1% of all cancer cases globally, it is surfacing as a major public threat in India. Oral cancer figures among three most common types of cancer in the Indian subcontinent, with an incidence rate of 30%. The increased availability and use of smokeless tobacco and betel quid in the recent years have further aggravated the situation. The scarcity of reports on the contribution of such risk factors in oral cancer incidence remains a prime concern. In this perspective, the association between smokeless tobacco and cancer of gingivobuccal sulcus was investigated. Method The medical records of 249 patients with cancer of gingivobuccal sulcus, attending the BRAIRCH, AIIMS, New Delhi, were retrospectively examined from 2009-2016. Demographic and clinical data including history of addictions (smoking, smokeless tobacco) were collected and patients were staged according to the 8thAJCC Cancer Staging (2017). Results Smokeless forms of tobacco were more prevalent among the patients (50.7%), in contrast to smoked tobacco (19.53%), while 29.77% were reported to consume both forms. A higher proportion of patients with smokeless tobacco addiction were diagnosed with advanced stages of cancer (56.9% in Stage III/IV). These rates were even higher (65.6%) in patients using both smokeless and smoked tobacco. Conclusions A strong association was observed between smokeless tobacco and gingivobuccal sulcus cancer, particularly in patients who kept the tobacco in the buccal vestibule after chewing, to suck, sometimesovernight. Elucidating the potential risk factors can be a key approach to design effective intervention programs to combat the growing pandemic of oral cancer in India.

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