scholarly journals Neuroplastic Changes Induced by Cognitive Rehabilitation in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 800-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Galetto ◽  
Katiuscia Sacco
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Cerebral Activation ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
The Impact

Background. Cognitive deficits are among the most disabling consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI), leading to long-term outcomes and interfering with the individual’s recovery. One of the most effective ways to reduce the impact of cognitive disturbance in everyday life is cognitive rehabilitation, which is based on the principles of brain neuroplasticity and restoration. Although there are many studies in the literature focusing on the effectiveness of cognitive interventions in reducing cognitive deficits following TBI, only a few of them focus on neural modifications induced by cognitive treatment. The use of neuroimaging or neurophysiological measures to evaluate brain changes induced by cognitive rehabilitation may have relevant clinical implications, since they could add individualized elements to cognitive assessment. Nevertheless, there are no review studies in the literature investigating neuroplastic changes induced by cognitive training in TBI individuals. Objective. Due to lack of data, the goal of this article is to review what is currently known on the cerebral modifications following rehabilitation programs in chronic TBI. Methods. Studies investigating both the functional and structural neural modifications induced by cognitive training in TBI subjects were identified from the results of database searches. Forty-five published articles were initially selected. Of these, 34 were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Results. Eleven studies were found that focused solely on the functional and neurophysiological changes induced by cognitive rehabilitation. Conclusions. Outcomes showed that cerebral activation may be significantly modified by cognitive rehabilitation, in spite of the severity of the injury.

scholarly journals Depression following traumatic brain injury: a comprehensive overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Fakhoury ◽  
Zaynab Shakkour ◽  
Firas Kobeissy ◽  
Nada Lawand
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
First Year ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Current State ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Brain Changes

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major health concern affecting the neuropsychological health; TBI is accompanied by drastic long-term adverse complications that can influence many aspects of the life of affected individuals. A substantial number of studies have shown that mood disorders, particularly depression, are the most frequent complications encountered in individuals with TBI. Post-traumatic depression (P-TD) is present in approximately 30% of individuals with TBI, with the majority of individuals experiencing symptoms of depression during the first year following head injury. To date, the mechanisms of P-TD are far from being fully understood, and effective treatments that completely halt this condition are still lacking. The aim of this review is to outline the current state of knowledge on the prevalence and risk factors of P-TD, to discuss the accompanying brain changes at the anatomical, molecular and functional levels, and to discuss current approaches used for the treatment of P-TD.

scholarly journals A Game System for Cognitive Rehabilitation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azrulhizam Shapi’i ◽  
Nor Azan Mat Zin ◽  
Ahmed Mohammed Elaklouk
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rehabilitation Treatment ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Rehabilitation Exercises

Brain injury such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke is the major cause of long-term disabilities in many countries. The increasing rate of brain damaged victims and the heterogeneity of impairments decrease rehabilitation effectiveness and competence resulting in higher cost of rehabilitation treatment. On the other hand, traditional rehabilitation exercises are boring, thus leading patients to neglect the prescribed exercises required for recovery. Therefore, we propose game-based approach to address these problems. This paper presents a rehabilitation gaming system (RGS) for cognitive rehabilitation. The RGS is developed based on a proposed conceptual framework which has also been presented in this paper.

Addressing the Sexual Concerns of Persons With Traumatic Brain Injury in Rehabilitation Settings: A Framework for Action

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grahame Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Human Functioning ◽  
Sexual Concerns ◽  
Organisational Structures

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) impacts upon people's sexuality with 50% to 60% of persons reporting some level of disruption post-injury. However, only small proportions of patients/family members report that rehabilitation health professionals made inquiries about whether they had any sexual concerns. Rehabilitation programs have a responsibility to meet the challenge of addressing this important area of human functioning. An agency framework is described that provides a non-threatening, structured way for services to conceptualise, introduce or upgrade sexuality services in a manner that can be maintained over the long term. The framework contains an underlying philosophy of sexuality, five proposed modalities of service provision and detail of the underlying organisational structures that are required to provide sexuality services with consistency and effectiveness over the long term. Finally, organisational strategies that can be employed to implement the framework are discussed as well as suggestions about the sequencing of such strategies. By using the framework, rehabilitation services can put sexuality back onto their treatment agenda, as they seek to restore patients/clients with TBI to the “highest level of adaptation attainable” (World Health Organisation, 1996, p. 1) in all areas of their lives.

scholarly journals Repetitive and Prolonged Omega-3 Fatty Acid Treatment after Traumatic Brain Injury Enhances Long-Term Tissue Restoration and Cognitive Recovery

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjian Pu ◽  
Xiaoyan Jiang ◽  
Zhishuo Wei ◽  
Dandan Hong ◽  
Sulaiman Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Cognitive Recovery

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most disabling clinical conditions that could lead to neurocognitive disorders in survivors. Our group and others previously reported that prophylactic enrichment of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) markedly ameliorate cognitive deficits after TBI. However, it remains unclear whether a clinically relevant therapeutic regimen with n-3 PUFAs administered after TBI would still offer significant improvement of long-term cognitive recovery. In the present study, we employed the decline of spatial cognitive function as a main outcome after TBI to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of post-TBI n-3 PUFA treatment and the underlying mechanisms. Mice were subjected to sham operation or controlled cortical impact, followed by random assignment to receive the following four treatments: (1) vehicle control; (2) daily intraperitoneal injections of n-3 PUFAs for 2 weeks, beginning 2 h after TBI; (3) fish oil dietary supplementation throughout the study, beginning 1 day after TBI; or (4) combination of treatments (2) and (3). Spatial cognitive deficits and chronic brain tissue loss, as well as endogenous brain repair processes such as neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and oligodendrogenesis, were evaluated up to 35 days after TBI. The results revealed prominent spatial cognitive deficits and massive tissue loss caused by TBI. Among all mice receiving post-TBI n-3 PUFA treatments, the combined treatment of fish oil dietary supplement and n-3 PUFA injections demonstrated a reproducible beneficial effect in attenuating cognitive deficits although without reducing gross tissue loss. Mechanistically, the combined treatment promoted post-TBI restorative processes in the brain, including generation of immature neurons, microvessels, and oligodendrocytes, each of which was significantly correlated with the improved cognitive recovery. These results indicated that repetitive and prolonged n-3 PUFA treatments after TBI are capable of enhancing brain remodeling and could be developed as a potential therapy to treat TBI victims in the clinic.

scholarly journals Rescue Decompressive Craniectomy in Children with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 033-038
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Poulos ◽  
Maria Kazantzi ◽  
Panagiotis Kalampalikis ◽  
Dimitrios Rallis
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Decompressive Craniectomy ◽  
Neurological Outcome ◽  
Rescue Therapy ◽  
Increased Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Poor Neurological Outcome ◽  
Severe Tbi ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDecompressive craniectomy (DC) is considered a rescue therapy in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) with increased intracranial pressure (ICP). In this retrospective study, we examined the impact of craniectomy on ICP in children with severe TBI and their neurological outcome. A total of 14 patients were enrolled. Peak ICP was significantly lower (31 ± 2.9 to 19 ± 4.6, p < 0.001) and minimum cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) higher (41 ± 10.5 to 58 ± 11.4, p < 0.001) postcraniectomy. The survival rate was 71%. However, 57% of our cohort had a poor neurological outcome at 6 months postinjury. In conclusion, although rescue DC was effective in controlling ICP and CPP, the long-term neurological outcome remained poor.

Traumatic Brain Injury and Risk of Long-Term Brain Changes, Accumulation of Pathological Markers, and Developing Dementia: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian LoBue ◽  
Catherine Munro ◽  
Jeffrey Schaffert ◽  
Nyaz Didehbani ◽  
John Hart, ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Changes

scholarly journals The Participants’ Perspective on a Cognitive Rehabilitation Program Following Traumatic Brain Injury

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Alexandra Vakili ◽  
Robyn Langdon
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Treatment Practice ◽  
Action Video Game ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Compensatory Skills

Given the recommendations for evidence-based treatment practice, rehabilitation programs are typically evaluated using standardized objective measures of pre- and post-treatment performance. However, the potentially informative opinions and perspectives of the participants themselves are not reported. This paper sought to redress this imbalance by using a semi-structured telephone interview to gather feedback from 19 participants who had undergone a group-based eight-week cognitive rehabilitation program to improve attentional impairment following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The program incorporated cognitive training using an action video game and psycho-education, including a workbook for developing compensatory skills. Findings indicated that the majority of participants found the program to be a positive experience, resulting in self-perceived skill development that generalized beyond the training context. Participants particularly valued the social aspects of the rehabilitation program and reported benefiting from their interactions with the other group members. Most enjoyed the action video game playing, although for some, the opportunity to select between a set of different games rather than playing the single game that featured in the program would have been more appropriate. The majority of participants also found the workbook helpful. Other useful suggestions included extending the program to 10-12 weeks, increasing group size, developing more of a ‘take away’ aspect of the program to be administered at home, and formalizing the ‘mentoring’ roles that emerged in the group.

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