Understanding How Perceived Leader Integrity Affects Follower Trust: Lessons From the Use of Multidimensional Measures of Integrity and Trust

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Moorman ◽  
Gerald L. Blakely ◽  
Todd C. Darnold
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Multidimensional Measure ◽  
Leader Integrity ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Follower Trust

Even though much research has emerged recently supporting the importance of perceived leader integrity judgments on how followers develop trust in their leaders, our efforts to understand possible mechanisms for these relationships have not yet yielded detailed explanations. One reason for this is that most research on perceived leader integrity and trust has used unidimensional measures of each construct, even though recent research has called for more complex treatments of them. The purpose of this study is to couple the use of a recently developed, multidimensional measure of perceived leader integrity with a multidimensional measure of trust to examine possible explanations of how they relate. Results support the value of modeling perceived integrity in two dimensions and support a more nuanced model of how integrity may affect trust when trust is similarly modeled as multiple dimensions. We discuss the implications of these findings for our understanding of how leader integrity may affect trust and other outcomes.

MEASURING PROTEST FOR COMPARISONS: MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING OF ACTION, MESSAGE, AND COMMUNITY*

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-363
Author(s):  
Kevin Reuning ◽  
Lee Ann Banaszak
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Multidimensional Space ◽  
Social Movement Organizations ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Multidimensional Measure ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Movement Organizations ◽  
Direct Change

We introduce a fine-grained method of categorizing protests by their strategies and tactics that places protests in a multidimensional space based on motivations—direct change towards a policy or goal; changing public discourse narratives; and building movement identities or communities. This technique recognizes that multiple motivations may exist and allows protests to be compared based on where they are in multiple dimensions. To test our method and the theoretical dimensions we hypothesize, we surveyed protesters at the 2016 Republican and Democratic National Conventions. Using questions about participant goals and targets, and confirmatory factor analysis, we corroborate the existence of three dimensions. We show these dimensions provide real information about the differences between protests outside the two conventions. We conclude by discussing how our multidimensional measure can be extended to other events, social movement organizations, or whole movements to facilitate comparisons of events, organizations, or movements across time and space.

When cues collide: children's sensitivity to letter- and meaning-patterns in spelling words in English

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. DEACON ◽  
D. LEBLANC ◽  
C. SABOURIN
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
English Orthography ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Correct Spelling

ABSTRACTIn many learning situations, we need to determine to which cues to attend, particularly in cases when these cues conflict. These conflicts appear often in English orthography. In two experiments, we asked children to spell two-syllable words that varied on two dimensions: morphological and orthographic structure. In one set of these words, the two sources of information conflicted. Results of Experiment 1 suggest that seven- to nine-year-old children are sensitive to both orthographic and morphological dimensions of words, and that this dual sensitivity sometimes leads to correct spelling and sometimes to incorrect spelling. Results of Experiment 2 suggest that orthographic information dominates young (six-year-old) children's spelling, at least in a case when there is a strong orthographic regularity. Taken together, these experiments suggest that children are sensitive to the multiple dimensions of regularity in English orthography and that this sensitivity can lead to mistakes.

The determinants of two-dimensional service quality in the drinking water sector – evidence from Colombia

Water Policy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 983-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Li ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Luis Hernando Gutiérrez Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Service Reliability ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Water Reform

Quality of drinking water service is considered in two dimensions: tangibles (measured by sediment, taste, smell, and color) and reliability (measured by service continuity). Using a large and unique household-level dataset, we study important factors that are related to these dimensions in the Colombian drinking water sector. Based on the network design of pumping, purification, and delivery, our main findings are: (1) compared to users who do not receive a subsidy for water consumption, users who receive a subsidy report less reliable service while tangibles of water quality do not show significant difference between the reports of these two types of users; and (2) compared to water supplied by public providers, water supplied by community providers shows worse tangibles, while service reliability does not show significant difference between these two types of providers. These results suggest that Colombia water reform should not only aim to expand service and prompt water usage for the poor, but also strengthen quality control in multiple dimensions.

Exploring Cross-Cultural and Gender Differences in Test Anxiety Among U.S. and Canadian College Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Multidimensional Measure ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
And Gender ◽  
College Student Population

Existing measures of test anxiety used with the college student population are old with old norms and old items, and they do not capture the multiple dimensions of the test anxiety construct or assess facilitating anxiety. In the present study, the validity of the scores of a new, multidimensional measure of test anxiety with a facilitating component, the Test Anxiety Measure for College Students (TAM-C) was examined in a sample of 1,344 Canadian and U.S. college students. Tests of measurement invariance were performed across culture and gender on the TAM-C and cultural and gender differences were explored. The results of multigroup confirmatory factor analyses across culture and gender supported strong invariance on the TAM-C. Latent mean analyses were also conducted and cultural and gender differences were found on the TAM-C. Although additional research is needed, the TAM-C appears to be a promising new measure for use with Canadian and U.S. college students.

scholarly journals What’s Work Got to Do with It? How Precarity Influences Radical Party Support in France and the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
pp. 136078042110203
Author(s):  
Lorenza Antonucci ◽  
Carlo D’Ippoliti ◽  
Laszlo Horvath ◽  
André Krouwel
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Insecurity ◽  
Multidimensional Measure ◽  
Work Insecurity ◽  
Party Support ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Voting Advice Applications

The rising support for radical parties in Europe has triggered a new interest in the political sociology of voting and how voters with socio-economic insecurity are moving away from establishment politics. In this article, we apply Standing’s concept of ‘precarity’ to capture insecurity among ordinary voters and thereby expand the individual socio-economic explanations behind the vote for radical populist right (RPR) and radical left (RL) parties. We develop a multidimensional measure of precarity to capture subjective labour market insecurity in its different manifestations. The article examines the influence of precarity on voting in two countries – France and the Netherlands – that, in the 2017 elections, saw the culmination of a decline in support for establishment parties and a rise in support for both RPR and RL parties. We use panels of voters collected during these elections through online Voting Advice Applications, weighted against national census benchmarks. We identify and assess the role of two dimensions of precarity: ‘precarity of tenure’ and ‘precarity at work’. We find that in both France and the Netherlands precarity is, overall, negatively correlated with voting for established parties and positively correlated with voting for RPR and RL parties. Furthermore, our investigation shows that ‘precarity at work’ is more significant in explaining voting support than the more widely investigated ‘precarity of tenure’. Our results stress the importance of assessing how subjective work insecurity explains voting and support for RPR and RL parties.

scholarly journals Multifaceted sleep health score is associated with frailty in a national sample of older adults in Taiwan: Sex matters

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1047-1048
Author(s):  
Tuo Yu Chen ◽  
Soomi Lee ◽  
Orfeu Buxton
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
The Past ◽  
Multidimensional Measure ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Sleep Satisfaction

Abstract Although individual sleep characteristics are related to frailty, these characteristics do not occur separately. A multidimensional measure of sleep might provide a better estimation of frailty compared to isolated sleep characteristics. This study investigated the association of a multidimensional measure of sleep health with frailty and examined whether such relationship differed by sex. Data were from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging (2011), a survey with a nationally representative sample of Taiwanese older adults (N=2,015). Frailty was defined using the Fried-criteria. Self-reported sleep during the past month was used to conceptualize the five sleep health dimensions in the SATED model (satisfaction-alertness-timing-efficiency-duration; higher scores representing better sleep health). Their relationship was estimated using logistic regression analysis adjusting for sociodemographic (age, sex, education), health (chronic conditions, cognitive function, pain, depressive symptoms [excluding items overlapping with frailty and sleep]), and lifestyle (drinking, smoking, exercise) characteristics. The results showed that having a better sleep health composite score was significantly related to lower odds of being frail in both sexes adjusting for sociodemographic information. Such effect remained significant among females but not males after adding health and lifestyle characteristics to the models. Sleep satisfaction and daytime alertness in both sexes and sleep duration among females were significantly associated with frailty adjusting for sociodemographic information. Only alertness among males was significantly related to frailty in model with all covariates. Our findings show that having a better sleep health across multiple dimensions is related to a lower risk of being frail, and the association differs by sex.

Development of the Leader Integrity Assessment

2015 ◽  
pp. 912-937
Author(s):  
J. Alan Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Leadership Model ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Leader Integrity ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Positive Perspective ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Follower Trust

The purpose of this research is to develop a direct and concise perceived leader integrity instrument that is posed from a positive perspective. The integrity construct in this study is developed from the tradition of moral philosophy and virtue ethics. The integrity construct in this study incorporates two aspects of integrity found in the literature, namely value-behavior congruence and a requirement that this congruence be grounded in morality. The moral philosophy used in this study to ground the integrity construct is virtue ethics as proposed by ancient philosophy and later maintained by Christian virtue ethics in the middle ages. An expert panel was used to establish content validity and construct validity/reliability was established via analysis of three samples of Air Force personnel associated with the U-2 pilot community. Nomological validity is established by leveraging the resultant Leader Integrity Assessment 15 to investigate the hypothesized moderating effects on the relationship between leader prototypicality and follower trust in the leader as proposed in the Kalshoven and Den Hartog (2009) Ethical Leadership Model. Overall, the Leader Integrity Assessment 15 was found valid and reliable and the integrity construct was found unidimensional as hypothesized.

scholarly journals Joint tuning for direction of motion and binocular disparity in macaque MT is largely separable

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (12) ◽  
pp. 2806-2816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Smolyanskaya ◽  
Douglas A. Ruff ◽  
Richard T. Born
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Disparity ◽  
Neuronal Population ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decoding Algorithms ◽  
Mt Neurons ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Columnar Organization ◽  
Depth Cue ◽  
Tuning Function

Neurons in sensory cortical areas are tuned to multiple dimensions, or features, of their sensory space. Understanding how single neurons represent multiple features is of great interest for determining the informative dimensions of the neurons' response, the decoding algorithms appropriate for extracting this information from the neuronal population, and for determining where specific transformations occur along the visual hierarchy. Despite the established role of cortical area MT in judgments of motion and depth, it is not known how individual neurons jointly encode the two dimensions. We investigated the joint tuning of individual MT neurons for two visual features: direction of motion and binocular disparity, an important depth cue. We found that a separable, multiplicative combination of tuning for the two features can account for more than 90% of the variance in the joint tuning function for over 91% of MT neurons. These results suggest 1) that each feature can be read out independently from MT by simply averaging across the population without regard to the other feature and 2) that the inseparable representations seen in subsequent areas, such as MST, must be computed beyond MT. Intriguingly, we found that the remaining nonseparable component of the joint tuning function often manifested as small but systematic changes in the neurons' preferences for one feature as the other one was varied. We believe this reflects the local columnar organization of tuning for direction and binocular disparity in MT, indicating that joint tuning may provide a new tool with which to probe functional architecture.

Enhancing multiple dimensions of performance in small professional firms through leader-follower trust

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenwick Feng Jing ◽  
Gayle C Avery ◽  
Harald Bergsteiner
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Follower Trust
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