scholarly journals Communicating With Diverse Patients About Participating in a Biobank: A Randomized Multisite Study Comparing Electronic and Face-to-Face Informed Consent Processes

2021 ◽  
pp. 155626462110388
Author(s):  
Christian M. Simon ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Laura A. Shinkunas ◽  
Daniel T. Stein ◽  
Paul Meissner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
Hispanic Patients ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
Electronic Delivery

Some individuals’ understanding of informed consent (IC) information may improve with electronic delivery, but others may benefit from face-to-face (F2F). This randomized, multisite study explores how individuals from diverse backgrounds understand electronic IC documents versus F2F, their confidence in understanding, and enrollment in research. A total of 501 patients at two U.S. biobanks with diverse populations participated. There were no overall differences between electronic and F2F understanding, but F2F predicted higher confidence in understanding and enrollment. Ethnicity and a higher educational level predicted higher understanding and confidence. Study findings suggest that electronic consent may lead to better understanding for non-Hispanic patients of higher socioeconomic status. F2F processes may lead to better understanding and higher enrollment of patients from Hispanic and lower socioeconomic levels. Researchers should carefully consider how they implement electronic IC processes and whether to maintain an F2F process to better address the needs and limitations of some populations.

scholarly journals Educational Social Skills of parents of children with and without Intellectual Disability

Psico-USF ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-424
Author(s):  
Priscila Benitez ◽  
Luziane de Fátima Kirchner ◽  
Giovan Willian Ribeiro ◽  
Daniely Ildegardes Brito Tatmatsu
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Social Skills ◽  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Adaptive Behavior ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Socioeconomic Level ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic

Abstract Intellectual disability (ID) affects the functioning of adaptive behavior and social skills (SS). One way to increase SS can be through parental involvement, as long as parents have sufficient educational social skills (ESS) to favor SS teaching. The objective was to evaluate and compare the ESS of parents of children with and without ID, and to investigate correlations between ESS and age, schooling of the child/parent, and socioeconomic status. Participants included a total of 52 parents of children (26 in each group). Parents responded to the ESS Inventory. The analysis identified that the higher the educational level of the children with ID, the greater the general score and the ability of parents to talk and dialogue with them. The results identified statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) between the ESS repertoire of parents of children with and without ID, suggesting necessary interventions with parents of children with ID, especially for parents with a lower socioeconomic level.

Racial Disparities and Outcomes After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation as Bridge to Transplantation or Destination Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis K. Okoh ◽  
Olivia Chan ◽  
Molly Schultheis ◽  
Setri Fugar ◽  
Nathan Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Destination Therapy ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Assist Device ◽  
Ventricular Assist ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Left Ventricular Assist

Objective We sought to investigate outcomes after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation in advanced heart failure patients stratified by race. Methods Patients who had LVADs inserted at a single center as a bridge to transplant (BTT) or destination therapy (DT) were divided into 3 groups based on race: Caucasian, African American (AA), and Hispanic. Postoperative outcomes including complications, discharge disposition, and survival at defined time points were compared. Cox proportional hazards were used to identify factors associated with 1-year all-cause survival. Results A total of 158 patients who had LVADs as BTT ( n = 63) and DT ( n = 95) were studied. Of these, 56% ( n = 89) were Caucasians, 35% ( n = 55) were AA, and 9% ( n = 14) were Hispanics. AA patients had higher BMI and lower socioeconomic status and educational level, and were more likely to be single or divorced. Operative outcomes were similar among all 3 groups. Unadjusted 30-day, 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year survival rates for Caucasians versus AA versus Hispanics were 82% versus 89% versus 93%, P = 0.339; 74% versus 80% versus 71%, P = 0.596; 67% versus 76% versus 71%, P = 0.511; and 56% versus 62% versus 68%, P = 0.797. On multivariate analysis, device-related infection, malfunction, and abnormal rhythm were factors associated with overall all-cause mortality. Conclusion AA patients who undergo LVAD implantation as BTT or DT have lower socioeconomic status and educational level compared to their Caucasian or Hispanic counterparts. These differences, however, do not translate into postimplant survival outcomes.

Survey Bias on the Front Porch

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID L. LEAL ◽  
FREDERICK M. HESS
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Political Information ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Survey Bias ◽  
Unbiased Manner ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
And Gender

We examine whether survey interviewers are biased in their views of certain classes of respondents, thereby introducing unobserved bias into survey results. There has been a great deal of previous research on how racial and gender dynamics affect the responses given by respondents during face-to-face surveys. In this article, we turn this issue around and ask whether human interaction affects how the interviewer views the respondents, and if so, how this may systematically bias surveys. If interviewers are biased, this may impede their ability to conduct interviews in a consistent, nonjudgmental, and unbiased manner. Using three surveys that required the interviewer to evaluate how informed and intelligent the respondents appeared, we found that interviewers were more likely to evaluate respondents of lower socioeconomic status as less informed and less intelligent, even after controlling for objective levels of political information. There is also evidence that Blacks may be negatively evaluated.

scholarly journals The mediating effect of lifestyles on the association between social factors and DNA methylation

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Maugeri ◽  
M Barchitta ◽  
G Favara ◽  
C La Mastra ◽  
MC La Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Methylation Level ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
High Educational Level ◽  
Age Related ◽  
High Educational

Abstract Background Social disadvantage and unhealthy lifestyles may induce molecular changes associated with aging and age-related diseases. For instance, previous studies reported socioeconomic difference in DNA methylation, which in turn led to aberrant gene expression and genome instability. Socioeconomic status (SES) alone, however, does not completely explain this difference, and further studies are needed to unveil what factors contribute to it. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on 349 Italian women, aged 25-64 years, to assess SES differences in LINE-1 methylation level - a surrogate marker of global DNA methylation - and to examine the mediating effect of lifestyles (i.e. diet, smoking habits, physical activity, and weight status). Educational level was used as SES indicator. The adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) was assessed by the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS). Leukocyte LINE-1 methylation was assessed by pyrosequencing. Mediation analysis was conducted using the PROCESS macro for the SPSS software. Results We first observed that women with high educational level were more likely to be normal weight (p &lt; 0.001) and to adhere to MD (p = 0.018), and less likely to perform physical activity (p = 0.012) than their less educated counterpart. Moreover, age-adjusted linear regression demonstrated that LINE-1 methylation level increased with increasing educational level (β = 0.016; SE = 0.003; p &lt; 0.001). In line, mediation analysis demonstrated an indirect effect of high educational level on LINE-1 methylation through the adherence to MD (β = 0.003; 95%CI=0.001-0.006). Specifically, the mediator could account for 9.5% of the total effect. None of the other lifestyles, instead, exhibited a significant mediating effect. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the mediation of diet in the relationship between SES and DNA methylation. Thus, our findings add even more value to the promotion of healthy dietary habits among social disadvantaged people. Key messages Social disadvantage is associated with epigenetic changes related to aging and age-related diseases. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet might mediate the association between socioeconomic status and DNA methylation.

scholarly journals Breast cancer treatment and survival differences in women in remote and socioeconomically disadvantaged areas, as demonstrated by linked data from New South Wales (NSW), Australia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Buckley ◽  
Elisabeth Elder ◽  
Sarah McGill ◽  
Zahra Shahabi Kargar ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Breast Reconstruction ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Linked Data ◽  
Breast Cancer Treatment ◽  
Competing Risk ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Cancer Plan

Abstract Introduction Reducing variations in cancer treatment and survival is a key aim of the NSW Cancer Plan. Variations in breast cancer treatment and survival in NSW by remoteness and socioeconomic status of residence were investigated to determine benchmarks. Reducing variations in cancer treatment and survival is a key aim of the NSW Cancer Plan. Variations in breast cancer treatment and survival in NSW by remoteness and socioeconomic status of residence were investigated to determine benchmarks. Methods A retrospective cohort study used linked data for invasive breast cancers, diagnosed in May 2002 to December 2015 from the NSW Cancer Registry, with corresponding inpatient, and medical and pharmaceutical insurance data. Associations between treatment modalities, area socioeconomic status and residential remoteness were explored using logistic regression. Predictors of breast cancer survival were investigated using Kaplan–Meier product-limit estimates and multivariate competing risk regression. Results Results indicated a high 5-year disease-specific survival in NSW of 90%. Crude survival was equivalent by residential remoteness and marginally lower in lower socioeconomic areas. Competing risk regression showed equivalent outcomes by area socioeconomic status, except for the least disadvantaged quintile, which showed a higher survival. Higher sub-hazard ratios for death occurred for women with breast cancer aged 70 + years, and more advanced stage. Adjusted analyses indicated more advanced stage in lower socioeconomic areas, with less breast reconstruction and radiotherapy, and marginally less hormone therapy for women from these areas. Conversely, among these women who had breast conserving surgery, there was higher use of chemotherapy. Remoteness of residence was associated in adjusted analyses with less radiotherapy and less immediate breast reconstruction. In these short term data, remoteness of residence was not associated with lower survival. Conclusion This study provides benchmarks for monitoring future variations in treatment and survival.

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