Beliefs and Social Norms About Sildenafil Citrate (Viagra) Misuse and Perceived Consequences Among Houstonian Teenage Males

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald J. Peters ◽  
Regina J. Johnson ◽  
Steve Kelder ◽  
Angela F. Meshack ◽  
Troy Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Sildenafil Citrate ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Perceived Consequences

In the current study, a qualitative approach was used to investigate relevant beliefs and norms associated with sildenafil citrate (Viagra) consumption, initiation, and perceived consequences. Focus groups were conducted with 43 young men aged 18 and 19 years who identified themselves as lifetime sildenafil citrate users. The majority of focus group participants believed that “curiosity” and “peer pressure” contributed to their initial use. Most revealed that they first heard about sildenafil citrate from television advertisements, family members, friends, or sporting events, and they were able to obtain the drug from their friends and family members or they stole it from their father or grandfather. These findings may highlight the relative importance of exposure to prescription drug messages among those to whom the message is not specifically targeted, that is, young men. It is possible that the sildenafil citrate television messages are recalled by not only older male audiences but also by teenagers and younger men, producing similar cognitive processing and curiosity in both age cohorts.

Suicide in a South African Town: A Cultural Psychological Investigation

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leswin R. Laubscher
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Young Professional ◽  
Interpretative Analysis

Paarl, a large South African town, has experienced a dramatic increase in suicide among young, professional Coloured men during the period 1990 to 2000. Interviews were conducted with surviving family members and friends, and subjected to a qualitative, interpretative analysis. Theoretically and methodologically, cultural psychology is presented as a critical alternative to mainstream academic literature on suicide within psychology and sociology. Hence, the suicides of the young men are read as a cultural phenomenon within a particular post-Apartheid context. Cultural certitude and identity are presented as organising dialectic and phenomenological hermeneutic.

Age and Inequality in Antebellum America

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-379
Author(s):  
Stuart M. Blumin
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Population Age Structure ◽  
Antebellum America ◽  
Distribution Of Wealth ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
American Society

Readers of this journal have been treated to a lively and interesting debate between Professors Robert Gallman and Edward Pessen over what seems to be emerging as an important issue in American social history—the extent to which population age structure explains observed inequalities in the distribution of wealth. The issue is significant because inequality that is attributable to differences in age does not carry the same implications as inequality attributable to any other source. If young men generally begin their careers in modest circumstances, and generally accumulate wealth as they grow older, the resulting disparities between older and younger men at any moment in time would tend to confirm rather than disprove the hypothesis of fundamental equality in society as a whole. As Gallman puts it, “I earn more income and hold more wealth than does my son. Neither of us regards this as inequitable… nor as evidence of the inegalitarian nature of American society.

The Married Professional Woman: An Examination of Her Role Conflicts and Coping Strategies

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Dreyfus Gray
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Professional Women ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Role Conflicts ◽  
Women Doctors ◽  
Professional Woman ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Personal Interests

A group of 232 married women doctors, lawyers and professors were surveyed about their attitudes toward their roles and how they cope with role conflicts. Close to half of the women reported that it was impossible to rank the relative importance of their family and career roles, and a majority of women stated that they often experienced strains between these roles. Coping strategies such as having family members help with chores, having family members help resolve role conflicts, reducing standards within certain roles, considering personal interests important, and scheduling and organizing activities carefully were found to be significantly related to satisfaction. It is suggested that married professional women who develop effective coping strategies will find the challenge of combining a profession and a family a rewarding one.

scholarly journals ‘We are passing our leisure time’: moving on from education in eastern Uganda

Africa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Jones
Keyword(s):  
Urban Youth ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
English Premier League ◽  
Eastern Uganda

AbstractIn the trading centre of Atine Atirir in eastern Uganda, young men gather to play ludo. They are educated but most do not have salaried employment. Many farm and do some form of casual labour. They talk about the importance of leisure and ‘leisure time’ and discuss the prospects of Arsenal in the English Premier League. In this article I explore the relationship between education, farming and ‘leisure time’ and look at the ways in which young men in particular make sense of lives that involve both schooling and farming. A number of scholars have focused on the tensions and frustrations of educated – typically urban – youth in Africa and elsewhere. They observe a growing distance between older and younger people, and the ways young men define their situation as one of boredom, dissatisfaction and waiting. By contrast, I show the ways in which the ludo board helped younger men in a poorer, rural setting elide an interest in an ‘educated style’ with rural forms of work – farming, petty trading and casual employment – and how the space around the game was mostly a site of play and relaxation, a place for passing, rather than killing, time. There was also a large degree of sympathy between the generations.

Prostate cancer in young men: Our experience.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 133-133
Author(s):  
Joao Vasco Barreira ◽  
Gil Falcão ◽  
Anuraj Parmanande ◽  
Ana Sofia Spencer ◽  
Diana Simão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Pathological Stage ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
Caucasian Men ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
The Impact

133 Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis is not uncommon in younger men. The three recognized risk factors for PCa are increasing age, african-american race and a family history (FH). Data about PCa treatment outcomes are controversial, younger men may have more aggressive disease and worse prognosis. On the other hand, more recent studies suggest higher rates of indolent PCa with more favorable outcomes in young men after radical prostatectomy (RP). We aimed to compare younger (G1, ≤ 55 yo) vs. older adults (G2, > 56 yo) who underwent RP for PCa between 2010-2016 in terms of FH, race and tumor aggressiveness. Secondly, to determine if the PCa in G1 is more aggressive when there is a PCa familiar background. Methods: Between 2010-2016, 419 men underwent RP for clinically localized PCa at Central Lisbon Hospitals, of which 49 were aged ≤55 years at the time of RP. Clinical characteristics such as race, FH, PSA level, clinical stage, and biopsy Gleason score (BGS) were recorded before RP. Pathological parameters (pathological stage, GS and PSA) were collected after surgery. Results: In G1, 31% had PCa FH vs. 10% in G2 (p < 0.001). Before RP, the average PSA in G1 was 7.47 vs. 8.08 in G2 (p = 0.371). In BGS, 44,3% had Gleason (G) 6, 37,4% G7, 6.9% G≥8, not significantly different between both groups (p = 0.651). Albeit, G1 had more aggressive tumors after RP: 27% G6, 45% G7 e 29% G≥8 vs. 37%, 53% e 11% respectively in G2 (p = 0.002). The pathological stage (pT) was not significantly different between groups (p = 0.243). Biochemical recurrence (BCR) was higher in G1 20% vs. 9% (p = 0.010). In a multivariate logistic regression model, the G1 had more BCR (p = 0.047) and higher PCa FH incidence (p = 0.002). When comparing african vs. caucasian men, the first group had more aggressive tumor histology (p = 0.021). Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that the youngest had superior pathological grades with higher BCR rates. Also, we found a strong relationship between G1 and FH of PCa. Data regarding pathological findings after RP in young men are still controversial. Recent studies confirm that pathological PCa characteristics in young men are not more aggressive than in older men. The present intends to add to the scientific debate around the impact of patients’ age in PCa aggressiveness and prognosis.

Declining Student Attendance at College Sporting Events: Testing the Relative Influence of Constraints

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Simmons ◽  
Nels Popp ◽  
T. Christopher Greenwell
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Market Segment ◽  
Student Attendance ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletic ◽  
Men's Basketball ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Important Target

College students represent an important target market for intercollegiate athletic marketers; however, re-cent years have seen a nationwide trend of declining student attendance at high-profile sporting events (Cohen, 2014; Rowland, 2019). The current study examined this issue by studying the influence of constraints on student attendance. Data were collected in partnership with the National Association of Collegiate Marketing Administrators (NACMA). In total, more than 23,000 respondents from 60 NCAA Di-vision I institutions participated in the study. Conjoint analysis was utilized to assess student attendance preferences across a set of attributes to determine the relative importance of each constraint tested. Separate analyses were conducted for both football and men’s basketball samples as well as NCAA conference tier (Power Five, Group of Five, FCS). Results indicated constraint importance varied by market segment. Of note, as passion levels among student respondents increased, importance shifted from ticket price to seat location and game day atmosphere.

scholarly journals Risky substance use and peer pressure in Swiss young men: Test of moderation effects

2016 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Studer ◽  
Stéphanie Baggio ◽  
Véronique S. Grazioli ◽  
Meichun Mohler-Kuo ◽  
Jean-Bernard Daeppen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Moderation Effects

The Alloplastic Organisation: Balancing Flexibility and Stability in a Turbulent Environment

1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Manpower Planning ◽  
Francis Bacon ◽  
Turbulent Environment ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Full Period ◽  
Peter Drucker

‘Men of age object too much, consult too long, adventure too little, repent too soon, and seldom drive business home to the full period, but content themselves with a mediocrity of success. Young men, in the conduct and manage of actions, embrace more than they can hold; stir more than they can quiet; fly to the end, without consideration of the means and degrees; pursue some few principles which they have chanced upon absurdly; use extreme remedies at first; and, that which doubleth all errors, will not acknowledge or retract them; like an unready horse, that will neither stop nor turn.’ FRANCIS BACON ‘To ensure a balanced age structure should be one of the main concerns of manager manpower planning. There must be enough older men to ensure opportunities for younger men, enough younger men to ensure continuity; enough older men to provide experience and enough younger men to provide drive. Age structure of management is like the metabolism of the human body; unless it is balanced all constitutional processes are diseased.’ PETER DRUCKER

Gender Goals: Defining Masculinity and Navigating Peer Pressure to Engage in Sexual Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 795-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiera D. Duckworth ◽  
Mary Nell Trautner
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Gender Culture ◽  
Outright Rejection

A significant part of hegemonic masculinity is proving one’s heterosexuality though sexual experiences. Peer pressure to conform is particularly acute for adolescent boys and young men. We analyze interviews with 87 boys in middle school, high school, and college about how their masculinity goals and subsequent achievement of those goals influence their navigation of pressure to engage in sexual relations with girls and women to “prove” themselves. Our findings show that, while boys and young men recognize dominant notions of hegemonic masculinity, most do not subscribe to those uncritically. Rather, they struggle to balance personal ideas about masculinity with consistent pressure from others to demonstrate their heterosexuality. As a result, they employ various strategies to negotiate such pressures, including avoidance, acceptance, and outright rejection of this particular expectation. These strategies, however, ultimately contribute to a broader gender culture among adolescents in which expectations and privileges associated with hegemonic masculinity that dominate U.S. culture remain largely unchallenged.

scholarly journals Relative risk of HIV infection among young men and women in a South African township

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 331-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
C MacPhail ◽  
B G Williams ◽  
C Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Social Explanations

The prevalence of HIV infection in Africa is substantially higher among young women than it is among young men. Biological explanations of this difference have been presented but there has been little exploration of social factors. In this paper we use data from Carletonville, South Africa to explore various social explanations for greater female infection rates. This paper reports on data from a random sample of 507 people between 13 and 24 years old. Subjects were tested for HIV, as well as other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and answered a behavioural questionnaire. The age-prevalence of HIV infection differs between men and women with considerably higher rates of increase with age among young women. The age of sexual debut did not differ significantly between men and women (15.9 and 16.3 years, respectively) and below the age of 20 years there was no difference in the number or distribution of the number of sexual partners reported by men or women. The risk of infection per partnership was substantially higher among women than among men. Women have sexual partners who are, on average, about five years older than they are with some variation with age. Scaling the age-prevalence curve for men by the age of their sexual partners gives a curve whose shape is indistinguishable from that for women but is about 30% lower for men than for women. In terms of social explanations for HIV rates among women, the data indicates that this difference can be explained by the relative age of sexual partners, but not by other factors explored. In addressing the epidemic among young women it will be essential to deal with the social factors that lead young women to select their partners from older-age cohorts and that shape their sexual networking patterns.

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