scholarly journals Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber mats for mushroom mycelium growth investigations and formation of mycelium-reinforced nanocomposites

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 155892502110379
Author(s):  
Marah Trabelsi ◽  
Al Mamun ◽  
Michaela Klöcker ◽  
Bennet Brockhagen ◽  
Franziska Kinzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Composite Fabrication ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Nanofiber Mats ◽  
Pan Nanofiber

Mycelium-bound composites are new environmentally friendly, cost-effective and sustainable materials, enable energy-saving bio-composite fabrication, and provide an alternative to synthetic materials. Current research on mycelium-based composites reports on relatively coarse material compositions such as rice husks, cotton residues, sawdust, leaves and bio-waste, etc. According to research, very few publications report on mycelium-reinforced composites with the use of nanomaterials and this topic is under-researched and this study helps to fill this gap. The focus of this study deals with the preparation of mycelium-reinforced nanocomposites including nanofiber mats and the investigation of the different nanofiber mat morphologies on the growth of fungal mycelium. The mycelium macrofibers from Pleurotus ostreatus fungi were grown on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber mats. Different morphologies of nanofiber mats such as fibrous and non-fibrous membrane areas or a mixture of both were used for mycelial growth with an additional nutrient. Moreover, mycelium/PAN nanocomposites were oxidative stabilized and carbonized and mycelium retains its morphology. For faster color differentiation between mycelium and nanofibers, PAN nanofiber mats were dyed in a one-step process by adding dye powder to the electrospinning solution as an additional tool. No significant differences in mycelial growth and morphology were observed regarding the different nanofiber mat types and the use of dye. These mycelium-reinforced nanocomposites are promising for many applications such as medicine and biotechnology, air and water purification and filtration, vertical farming, architecture, etc., and enable energy-saving bio-composite fabrication.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Pleurotus ostreatus Mushroom Grown on Modified PAN Nanofiber Mats

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilia Sabantina ◽  
Franziska Kinzel ◽  
Thomas Hauser ◽  
Astrid Többer ◽  
Michaela Klöcker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Specific Substrate ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Mushroom Species ◽  
Nanofiber Mats ◽  
Pan Nanofiber

Pleurotus ostreatus is a well-known edible mushroom species which shows fast growth. The fungus can be used for medical, nutritional, filter, or packaging purposes. In this study, cultivation experiments were carried out with Pleurotus ostreatus growing on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber mats in the presence of saccharose and Lutrol F68. The aim of this study was to find out whether modified PAN nanofiber mats are well suited for the growth of fungal mycelium, to increase growth rates and to affect mycelium fiber morphologies. Our results show that Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium grows on nanofiber mats in different morphologies, depending on the specific substrate, and can be used to produce a composite from fungal mycelium and nanofiber mats for biomedical and biotechnological applications.

scholarly journals Modeling of fungal mycelium growth by fourth-class continuous stochastic cellular automaton with continuously defined growth conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Sergeevich Shumilov ◽  
Sergey Alexandrovich Blagodatsky
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Area Unit ◽  
Fungal Colony

The aim of this work was to simulate the growth and spatial structure of the fungal mycelium using a cellular automaton based on the synthesis of various model approaches. The spatial structure of the mycelium is described in the structural submodel of the cellular automaton, which determines the growth rate in the direction of larger resource amount and the number of branches of the mycelium per area unit. The amount of available substrate determines the probability of unidirectional apical growth. Another, biochemical part of the model allows us to describe the rate of transport of resources into the cell, their transport within the mycelium, and also their excretion, and is intended to describe the vertical and horizontal migration in the soil of two nutrients. The proposed model makes it possible to quantitatively describe such a feature of fungal colony growth as more active absorption of resources by external cells, compared to central ones due to separation of transport resources into active and passive resources. The active transport was described using the Michaelis-Menten kinetics. We were able to simulate the stockpiling of surplus resources and their redistribution over the mycelium after the exhaustion of reserves in the external environment, and also to simulate typical growth patterns of mycelial colonies that were observed in experiments published in the literature.

scholarly journals Efficient central heating and modern heat sources

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Monika Pawlita
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Heating Source ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Family House

Background: The methods of heating houses with system components determine the energy-saving systems. Energy-saving solutions allow to maintain comfortable conditions in the house, while minimizing the cost associated with its operation and at the same time helping to protect natural environment. The examples of such solutions include condensing boilers, heat pumps and solar collectors.Material and methods: The object of the analysis in this paper is typical single-family house occupying the area of 150 m². The comparison of analyzed heating system for a single-family house, including modern energy sources, allows the assessment of the most cost-effective method of heating. Results: Choosing rational method of heating for a single-family house is dictated mainly by economic reasons. The efficiency of the heating sources is also very important. In addition, an important factor is a heating period, which depends on the weather conditions in a given year.Conclusions: The costs of fuel/energy are still growing. Fuel selection is determined mainly by fuel calorific value and the price. To select the type of the heating source one must take into account the cost of kWh of heat.

scholarly journals Studies on variability in Alternaria alternata (Kessler) causing leaf blight of Isabgol (Plantago ovata)

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
RK Meena ◽  
SS Sharma ◽  
S Singh
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Plantago Ovata ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Conidial Morphology ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Pathogenic Variability

All the five isolates of Alternaria alternata isolated from different agro climate zone of Rajasthan were tested for their variability in terms of cultural, conidial, pathogenic characteristics and toxin production. All the five isolates differed in cultural characters i.e. dark black colored and very fast mycelial growth with smooth margins (90.00 mm), light black with white at centre and fast growing (80.00 mm), dark brown and medium mycelium growth with smooth margins (75.00 mm), black colored, medium flat mycelial growth with smooth margins (68.00 mm) and white with slightly black in colour with slow mycelial growth (65.00 mm) were observed in Aa-1, Aa-2, Aa-3, Aa-4 and Aa-5 respectively. The variability in conidial morphology of five different isolates was simple, septate, pale to dark brown in colour, often geniculate with one conidial scar. In respect of pathogenic variability, showed significant variations in terms of disease intensity and incubation periods. The isolates Aa-1 was highly pathogenic on Isabgol cv. RI-89 under artificial inoculation conditions showing 52.12% disease intensity followed by Aa- 3 ,Aa-2, Aa-4 and Aa-5 isolates. The variability in toxin production was reflected in terms of time taken in inducing wilting symptoms of Isabgol cuttings. Isolate Aa-1 was highly toxic followed by isolates Aa-2, Aa-3, Aa-4 and Aa-5. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i2.21918 SAARC J. Agri., 12(2): 63-70 (2014)

Self-assembly of various silver nanocrystals on PmPD/PAN nanofibers as a high-performance 3D SERS substrate

The Analyst ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 140 (16) ◽  
pp. 5707-5715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Jia ◽  
Bing Cao ◽  
Jianqiang Wang ◽  
Jin Qu ◽  
Yuxuan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sers Substrate ◽  
Sers Substrates ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Nanofiber Mats ◽  
Pan Nanofiber

The AgNCs (AgNPs, AgNTs and AgNDs) decorated-PmPD/PAN nanofiber mats were obtained as highly sensitive 3D SERS substrates.

scholarly journals Water‐born 3D nanofiber mats using cost‐effective centrifugal spinning: comparison with electrospinning process: A complex study

2020 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. 49975
Author(s):  
Martina Rihova ◽  
Ahmet Erdem Ince ◽  
Veronika Cicmancova ◽  
Ludek Hromadko ◽  
Klara Castkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
Complex Study ◽  
Centrifugal Spinning ◽  
Nanofiber Mats

Insulation and Energy-Saving Technology for the External Wall of Residential Building

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 1263-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Qian
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sandwich Composite ◽  
Insulation System ◽  
External Wall ◽  
External Insulation ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
Energy Saving Technology

The text elaborates on the significance and profile of insulation system for external wall of residential buildings in our country, makes comprehensive comparison among the external wall's self-insulation system, external wall's internal insulation system, sandwich composite insulation system and external wall's external insulation system, and reveals that the external wall's external insulation system has the advantage of strong feasibility, law cost, effective heat insulation break bridge and protective structure, which offers great potential for existing buildings in energy-saving rebuilding, thus finding a widest application and enjoying a promising market prospects.

An Energy Saving Multi-Directional Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Prasant Kumar Pattnaik ◽  
Rajib Mall
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Aodv Protocol ◽  
Directional Routing ◽  
Dynamic Source ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Battery Energy

The limited battery energy is an important consideration in the effective operation of an Ad- hoc network. We propose a protocol named as Energy Saving Multi Directional Routing (ESMDR) that provides a lower energy cost effective routing solution. The performance evaluation of our protocol is carried out using a statistically collected data over Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Ad-Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol. Analysis exhibits a clear edge over the existing protocol.

Ligninolytic characteristics of Pleurotus ostreatus strain F6 and its monokaryotic protoplast derivative P19

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1153-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Eichlerová ◽  
Katia Ruel ◽  
Ladislav Homolka ◽  
Jean-Paul Joseleau ◽  
František Nerud
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Xylanase Activity ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Wood Degradation ◽  
Mycelium Growth

A stable isolate of Pleurotus ostreatus P19 differing in some morphological and physiological characteristics from its parental wild-type strain F6 was obtained via protoplast isolation during the preparation of strains with altered ligninolytic abilities. The isolate is monokaryotic, does not form clamp-connections, and produces much higher activities of enzymes involved in lignin modification (laccase, manganese peroxidase). Cellulase activity was comparable to that of wild-type strain F6, but the xylanase activity was slightly higher in isolate P19. However, this monokaryotic derivative degrades lignin at a slightly lower rate than its parental strain F6. Electron microscopy observations of wood degradation as a function of mycelium growth were performed on three zones of birch wafers delimited according to the distance from the point of inoculation. The different stages of fungal mycelium growth showed differences in the ultrastructural patterns of the decay not only between the strains P19 and F6, but also depending on the distance from the point of inoculation. This suggests a spatio-temporally controlled secretion of enzymes along the hyphae. The enhanced ability of P19 to degrade the condensed forms of lignin in middle lamellae is correlated to its higher laccase activity.Key words: electron microscopy, ligninolytic enzymes, Pleurotus ostreatus, wood degradation.

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