scholarly journals Designing compression of preventive compression stockings

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 155892502110604
Author(s):  
Miloš Lozo ◽  
Ivo Lovričević ◽  
Željka Pavlović ◽  
Zlatko Vrljičak
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Uniform Structure ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Recreational Athletes ◽  
Fabric Structure ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Made In

The paper focuses on leg diseases and the application of preventive compression stockings in people who perform their working tasks in the standing position, pregnant women and recreational athletes. Specific amounts of compression classes from several significant European standards are shown. Structural properties of knitted fabric structure in the production of preventive compression stockings are given. Tubular elastic knitted fabric samples of uniform structure which are used in the production of preventive compression stockings and pantyhose were produced. The yarns used for knitting were PA microfilament yarns in the counts 40 dtex f 40 and 60 dtex f 60 and elastane yarn in the count 22/17 dtex f 7. Tubular elastic knitted fabric samples of the structure intended for preventive compression stockings were made on a single-bed hosiery knitting machine with a gauge of E32 and needle bed diameter of 100 mm (4″) with 400 needles. The samples were made in jersey plated and partially plated structure 1 + 1 at three loop sinking depths. The widths of the tubular knitted fabric samples were 98 to 113 mm. The produced samples were pulled onto rigid cylinders of the circumferences 240 to 790 mm and the compression measured by the Pico Press device was 1 to 24 hPa.

scholarly journals The Structure and Compression of Medical Compression Stockings

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Miloš Lozo ◽  
Željko Penava ◽  
Ivo Lovričević ◽  
Zlatko Vrljičak
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Compression Stocking ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Structure Parameters ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Fabric Structure ◽  
High Compression ◽  
Finer Yarn ◽  
Medical Compression Stockings ◽  
Made In

This paper lays out standards of compression stockings and their classification into classes. The analysis of knitted fabric structure parameters, elongation and compression of moderate- and high-compression stockings was conducted. Stocking compression on specific parts of the stocking leg was measured on three sizes of a wooden leg model. For moderate-compression stockings, compression above the ankle was 32 hPa. For high-compression stockings, compression above the ankle was 60 hPa. Both groups of the analyzed compression stockings were made on modern one-cylinder hosiery automats. The legs of the stockings were made in single inlaid jersey 1 + 1. Both yarns were elastane covered. The finer yarn formed loops and its knitting into a course was significantly larger than in the other yarn, which was much coarser and does not form loops but “lay the weft in a bent way”. The smallest elongation of knitted fabric was above the ankle, where the highest compression was achieved, while the largest elongation was under the crotch, where the stocking leg exerted the smallest compression on the surface. The leg of the compression stocking acted as a casing that imposed compression on the leg and often reinforced it to be able to sustain compression loads.

A novel technique for modeling friction behavior in knitted fabric simulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 776-792
Author(s):  
Vajiha Mozafary ◽  
Pedram Payvandy
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Friction Force ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Fabric Structure ◽  
Fabric Surface

Purpose Fabric-object friction force is a fundamental factor in cloth simulation. A large number of parameters influence the frictional properties of fabrics such as fabric structure, yarn structure, and inherent properties of component fibers. The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel technique for modeling fabric-object friction force in knitted fabric simulation based on the mass spring model. Design/methodology/approach In this technique, unlike other studies, distribution of friction coefficient over the fabric surface is not uniform and depends on the fabric structure. The main reason for considering non-uniform distribution is that in various segments of fabric, contact percent of fabric-object is different. Findings The proposed technique and common methods based on friction coefficient uniform distribution are used to simulate the frictional behavior of knitted fabrics. The results show that simulation error values for proposed technique and common methods are 2.7 and 9.4 percent as compared with the experimental result, respectively. Originality/value In the existing methods of the friction force modeling, the friction coefficient of fabric is assumed uniform. But this assumption is not correct because fabric does not have an isotropic structure. Thus in this study, the friction coefficient distribution is considered based on fabric structure to achieve more of realistic simulations.

Study on the Relationship between UV Protectionand Knitted Fabric Structure

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang-kei Stephen CHONG ◽  
Chi-wai KAN ◽  
Jimmy Kwok-cheong LAM ◽  
Sun-pui NG ◽  
Hong HU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Fabric Structure ◽  
The Relationship

SERIAL ESTIMATION OF PLASMA RENIN CONCENTRATION DURING PREGNANCY AND AFTER PARTURITION

1966 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. BROWN ◽  
D. L. DAVIES ◽  
P. B. DOAK ◽  
A. F. LEVER ◽  
J. I. S. ROBERTSON
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Plasma Renin Concentration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Made In

SUMMARY Plasma renin concentration has been measured in normal women at intervals throughout pregnancy. Further measurements have been made in the days and hours before and after delivery of the foetus and placenta. Plasma renin was consistently raised in the majority of pregnant women and did not change markedly until 24 hr. or more after delivery. The significance of these findings is discussed.

scholarly journals Perineal trauma after vaginal delivery in healthy pregnant women

2014 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Santos Oliveira ◽  
Luiz Gustavo Oliveira Brito ◽  
Silvana Maria Quintana ◽  
Geraldo Duarte ◽  
Alessandra Cristina Marcolin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Perineal Injury ◽  
Secondary Hospital ◽  
Perineal Injuries

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE:Despite all the medical care provided during delivery labor, perineal injury is still prevalent and may lead to diverse pelvic floor disorders. The aim here was to investigate the prevalence of obstetric and anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) in healthy pregnant women after vaginal delivery.DESIGN AND SETTING:Cross-sectional study involving 3,034 patients with singletons in a secondary hospital for low-risk cases.METHODS:A standardized questionnaire was prepared and applied to medical files that had been completely filled out (classification of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, RCOG) in order to identify OASIS and analyze risk factors associated with mild and severe perineal lacerations.RESULTS:The women's mean age was 25 years; more than half (54.4%) were primiparae. Almost 38% of the participants had perineal lacerations; these were severe in 0.9% of the cases. Previous vaginal delivery (odds ratio, OR: 1.64 [1.33-2.04]) and forceps delivery (OR: 2.04 [1.39-2.97]) were risk factors associated with mild perineal injuries (1st and 2nd OASIS classifications). Only remaining standing for prolonged periods during professional activity (OR: 2.85 [1.34-6.09]) was associated with severe perineal injuries.CONCLUSION:The prevalence of severe perineal injuries was concordant with data in the literature. The variable of standing position was considered to be a risk factor for severe perineal injury and should be further investigated.

scholarly journals HIV Status in Sero-Discordant Couples: Prevalence and Pattern among Pregnant Women in Plateau State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Magaji FA ◽  
Ocheke AN ◽  
Ocheke AN ◽  
Pam VC ◽  
Pam VC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Discordant Couples ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Made In

Nigeria is one of the high-burden countries in sub-Saharan Africa for HIV/AIDS and contributes to reproductive health morbidities and mortalities. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of HIV-discordant rate among pregnant women in Plateau state Nigeria. The study sought to determine the prevalence and trend of HIV sero-discordance among pregnant women in Plateau state, Nigeria. The study was a 5-year descriptive analysis of HIV sero-discordance among pregnant women accessing prenatal care and their partners in Plateau state, Nigeria based on data generated between January 2012 and December 2016. The data was disaggregated by year, HIV concordant negative, HIV concordant positive, and HIV sero-discordant prevalence in the software and analysis were done using excel to obtained the proportions and trend of HIV sero-discordant prevalence among the antenatal population. Out of a total of 7,851 partners of pregnant women studied, 969 (16.3%) were HIV sero-discordant, 5,795 (73.8%) were HIV concordant negative, and 773 (9.9%) were HIV concordant positive. HIV sero-discordant positive males accounted for 12.3% while females were 4.0%. The prevalence of HIV sero-discordance was low with a high proportion of HIV positive male partners in Plateau state with grave public health implications for new HIV infections among partners and eroding the gains made in the Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

scholarly journals Gestation at completion of prenatal questionnaires in ALSPAC

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Yasmin Iles-Caven ◽  
Kate Northstone ◽  
Jean Golding
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Time Critical ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
Made In

Enrolling a cohort in pregnancy can be methodologically difficult in terms of structuring data collection. For example, some exposures of interest may be time-critical while other (often retrospective) data can be collected at any point during pregnancy.  The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is a prime example of a cohort where certain data were collected at specific time points and others at variable times depending on the gestation at contact.  ALSPAC aimed to enrol as many pregnant women as possible in a geographically defined area with an expected date of delivery between April 1991 and December 1992. The ideal was to enrol women as early in pregnancy as possible, and to collect information, when possible, at two fixed gestational periods (18 and 32 weeks). A variety of methods were used to enrol participants.   Approximately 80% of eligible women resident in the study area were enrolled. Gestation at enrolment ranged from 4-41 (median = 14) weeks of pregnancy. Given this variation in gestation we describe the various decisions that were made in regard to the timing of questionnaires to ensure that appropriate data were obtained from the pregnant women.  45% of women provided data during the first trimester, this is less than ideal but reflects the fact that many women do not acknowledge their pregnancy until the first trimester is safely completed. Data collection from women at specific gestations (18 and 32 weeks) was much more successful (80-85%). Unfortunately, it was difficult to obtain environmental data during the first trimester. Given the time critical nature of exposures during this trimester, researchers must take the gestational age at which environmental data was collected into account. This is particularly important for data collected using the questionnaire named ‘Your Environment’ (using data known as the A files).

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