Production Calculation Model of Thermal Recovery after Hydraulic Fracturing and Packing in Tight Reservoir

It was deemed important to calculate the thermal recovery production model of tight oil reservoirs after fracturing and packing based on the field data of an oilfield in Bohai Sea, China. The thermal recovery production of a tight oil reservoir after fracturing is demonstrated through theoretical calculation and practical field data on the premise of five hypotheses. Fractures change the fluid flow capacity of the reservoir. Combined with the relevant theories of reservoir thermal production, the dual porosity system in the fractured zone and the single porosity system in the unfractured zone were established. The calculation models of heat loss in the fractured and unfractured zones were derived to determine the thermal recovery heating radius of the reservoir after fracturing and packing. Combined with the pseudo-steady state productivity formula of the composite reservoir, a production calculation model of thermal recovery after fracturing and packing in the tight oil reservoir was established. The results showed that the heating radius of the reservoir after fracturing and packing is smaller than that of the unfractured reservoir, and the additional heat absorption of the fracture system generated by fracturing and packing reduces the thermal recovery effect. The thermal recovery productivity of heavy oil reservoirs is mainly affected by the heating radius. With the increase of fracture density, the heating radius decreases and production decreases. The increase of fracture porosity also leads to the decrease of the heating radius and the production. The calculation result of this model is improved after tight oil reservoir fracturing during the production period, which indicates that the model has a better prediction effect of the production of the tight reservoir after fracturing and packing.

Exploiting Solar Energy during an Aerial Mapping Mission on a Lightweight UAV

In this study, we present options for extending the endurance of a lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), along with their advantages and disadvantages. We present a developed solution based on the use of gallium–arsenide (GaAs) solar modules installed on a UAV and connected to a custom-made maximum power point tracker (MPPT) with an integrated perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm. The mathematical behavior required to calculate the electrical energy production from solar energy on the UAV from known UAV angles of rotation, the position of the sun in the sky, solar irradiance measurements, the solar module area and the solar modules efficiency is presented. A comparison of the calculated and actual measured electrical energy production results during an aerial mapping mission is presented. We perform a number of aerial mapping mission flights and the experimental results confirm an energy efficiency value of more than 96.27% for the MPPT and extended flight endurance by up to 21.25%. In addition, onboard measurements and other data captured during flights confirm the proposed electrical energy production calculation.

Grain market in Ukraine: analysis of the current state and development prospects

The purpose of the article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the grain market of Ukraine and justify priority measures for its further stabilization, increase competitiveness and increase efficiency. Research methods. In the process of research a number of methods were used: abstract-logical - to formulate conclusions; comparative analysis - to compare indicators and identify trends in their change; tabular - for a visual representation of the results of the study; statistical - in determining the variation in the volume of grain production; calculation and design - to develop balances of cereals and justify their forecast indicators; monographic - detailing the current state and problems of the grain market of Ukraine; graphic - to illustrate market trends in the studied grain market. Research results. The tendency of significant growth of production and export of grain crops in Ukraine is revealed. It is investigated that there is a steady increase in supply in the grain market, which is formed mainly due to production volumes. The result of a comprehensive analysis of export flows in the grain market of Ukraine is a developed forecast of grain exports. The forecast balance of grain and leguminous crops by main types has been developed. The price situation on the domestic grain market in terms of major crops is analyzed and the world grain market situation is studied. Priority measures have been systematized that will contribute to the further development of the domestic grain market and the strengthening of Ukraine's leading position in the world grain market. Scientific novelty. Methodological and practical aspects of studying the problems of the grain market and developing directions for sustainable development of the grain complex of Ukraine have been further developed. Practical significance. These approaches and research results can be used by public and sectoral authorities in the organization of monitoring and development of priority measures to increase the competitiveness of domestic grain potential in world markets. Tabl.: 4. Figs.: 5. Refs.: 13.

Metode Perhitungan Harga Pokok Produksi Tahu pada UKM Krisna Karya Mulya di Palangka Raya

This research was conducted at Krisna Karya Mulya UKM in Panarung Palangka Raya City, the purpose of this study was to find out the method of calculating the cost of tofu production at Krisna Karya Mulya UKM in Palangka Raya. This research uses quantitative methods. The results showed that the use of the variable costing method in Krisna Karya Mulya UKM turned out to be cheaper or significant compared to using the full costing method because in the variable costing method a profit calculation was greater than the value. Meanwhile, the results of tofu production calculation in UKM Krisna Karya Mulya if using the full costing method will be greater or experience a significant increase when compared to the calculation of the variable costing method. This means that the use of variable costing methods in tofu production businesses in Krisna Karya Mulya SMEs is not appropriate because in the variable costing method the amount of overhead depreciation costs is not counted, so there are costs that should appear in the production process but become unidentified.

Yield Erosion Sediment (YES): A PyQGIS Plug-In for the Sediments Production Calculation Based on the Erosion Potential Method

The Erosion Potential Method is a model for qualifying the erosion severity and estimating the total annual sediment yield of a catchment. The method includes a diverse set of equations, which are influenced by different factors such as geology, morphology, climate and soil use. This study describes a PyQGIS YES plug-in, which allows a semiautomatized use of the Erosion Potential Method in Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. In detail, we developed a plug-in using Python programming language that is made up of a series of operations allowing one to estimate sediment production through a wizard procedure. The first stage consists of data preprocessing and involves: (i) loading of the layers (e.g., geological map); (ii) spatial selection of the catchment area; (iii) elaboration of loaded layers (e.g., clipping). During the second stage, the user assigns a relative coefficient to each factor either by selecting a preloaded value from bibliographic sources or by inserting a value inferred from field observations and data. The third stage includes the addition of rainfall and temperature values loaded as: average values, point shapefiles (the plug-in calculates the average monthly values) or tables (the plug-in creates the linear regression depending on altitude). During the final stage, the plug-in executes the equation of EPM Model obtaining the sediment yield value at basin scale. Additionally, the user can use the “squared cell” method choosing the appropriate option in the setting dialogue of the plug-in. This method divides the catchment area in a regularly-spaced grid which allows one to carry out the distribution map of the sediment production during the final stage.

Cost Management at Processing Enterprises in the Context of Modern Dairy Production Technologies

The article discusses the technical and economic features for determining the costs of dairy processing enterprises. It presents calculation methods that depend on the technological processes and organization of production. Calculation objects are defined for various types of manufactured products. As a result of the analysis of the production cost of the Pskov region dairy factories, the cost structure is calculated by calculation items and the main cost items are determined. It is proved that the basic documents of production accounting should be the recipes of finished products of the manufactured range, and the main method of production accounting is the material balance of the components of raw materials and finished products (fat, protein and carbohydrates). This approach will allow you to determine the actual cost of purchasing raw materials and evaluate the efficiency of production.

ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN TYPES OF CHEMICAL PRODUCTS

This article considers the possibility of studying the main types of products of chemical production (ethylene, benzene, styrene and ethylene polymers in primary forms, styrene in primary forms, vinyl chloride in primary forms and propylene in primary forms, as well as methanol-synthetic poison, methanol-rectification technical forest chemical, methanol raw in terms of rectification) in thousand tons. The purpose of this work was to analyze the volume of the main types of chemical products. The objectives of the study were to determine the volume of production of chemical production, calculation of the seasonality index and forecasting the volume of the main types of products of chemical production. The results showed that the largest decrease in production was observed in 2012 for ethylene and benzene (93.2% and 97.2%), compared to 2011, respectively. For methanol production, on the contrary, in 2012, compared to 2011, there was an increase in production volumes (90.7%). The obtained calculations of the seasonality index showed that the lowest volume of production of benzene, methanol, polyethylene, polystyrene and ethylene was observed in January, styrene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene-in October, and the highest in August, except for the production of polyvinyl chloride. The forecast of volumes of production of the main types of production of chemicals for the period: january – december 2020 is constructed. The results obtained indicate that there will be an increase in production volumes.