scholarly journals Gender, networks and academic leadership: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 174114322110341
Author(s):  
Daphne L van Helden ◽  
Laura den Dulk ◽  
Bram Steijn ◽  
Meike W Vernooij
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Career Advancement ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Academic Leadership ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Academic Context ◽  
Developmental Network ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Study Designs

This article systematically reviews 35 empirical articles on the topic of networks and career advancement into academic leadership positions. Our objectives in this systematic review are to clarify (a) the functions that networks fulfil, (b) the outcomes of these functions in terms of career advancement and (c) whether networks are likely to result in more or less career advancement for women compared to men. Four databases were searched using the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) approach to select eligible studies published between 1990 and 2019. We distinguish three different functions that networks may fulfil: operational, developmental and strategic. Mixed results are found for the operational and developmental network functions, while the results suggest that the strategic function contributes to career advancement, particularly for men. The reason for this can be found in the masculine academic context. Our findings implicate that a solution involving equal network opportunities needs to be taken up by the academic community as a whole. To further develop the research field, we call for (a) more consistent conceptualisation, (b) more attention to the multiple functions of networks and networking behaviour and (c) more advanced study designs.

scholarly journals Psychology of Forced Displacement and Migration: A systematic review of the scientific literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Jonas CARVALHO e SILVA ◽  
Júlia Sursis Nobre Ferro BUCHER-MALUSCHKE
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Forced Displacement ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
And Migration ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Forced displacement is a research field in specific social and cultural contexts. This systematic review aims to identify, describe and analyze the research in Psychology of Forced Displacement and Migration published between 2006 and 2016. The databases selected were PsycINFO, Lilacs and SciELO following the criteria of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, 2009. Content and methodology were assessed by Critical Appraisal Skill Programme. A total of 34 out of 491 articles fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were categorized in a framework that summarizes the main research questions and methodologies, including authors, research questions, units of analysis, dominant theories, and hypotheses. In conclusion, the framework helped to comprehend the general aspects of the existing research and pointed out interdisciplinary tendencies in the studies on this phenomenon.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Recasts in Language Intervention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia L. Cleave ◽  
Stephanie D. Becker ◽  
Maura K. Curran ◽  
Amanda J. Owen Van Horne ◽  
Marc E. Fey
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Language Intervention ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Average Effect ◽  
Grammatical Development ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Study Designs

Purpose This systematic review and meta-analysis critically evaluated the research evidence on the effectiveness of conversational recasts in grammatical development for children with language impairments. Method Two different but complementary reviews were conducted and then integrated. Systematic searches of the literature resulted in 35 articles for the systematic review. Studies that employed a wide variety of study designs were involved, but all examined interventions where recasts were the key component. The meta-analysis only included studies that allowed the calculation of effect sizes, but it did include package interventions in which recasts were a major part. Fourteen studies were included, 7 of which were also in the systematic review. Studies were grouped according to research phase and were rated for quality. Results Study quality and thus strength of evidence varied substantially. Nevertheless, across all phases, the vast majority of studies provided support for the use of recasts. Meta-analyses found average effect sizes of .96 for proximal measures and .76 for distal measures, reflecting a positive benefit of about 0.75 to 1.00 standard deviation. Conclusion The available evidence is limited, but it is supportive of the use of recasts in grammatical intervention. Critical features of recasts in grammatical interventions are discussed.

Psychosocial Interventions for Family Carers of People With Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1198-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Áine Teahan ◽  
Attracta Lafferty ◽  
Eilish McAuliffe ◽  
Amanda Phelan ◽  
Liam O’Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Family Carers ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Study Designs

Objective:This study aimed to review and synthesize findings of the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions aimed at improving outcomes for family carers of people with dementia. Method: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We systematically searched the following databases: Cochrane, PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycInfo, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), and Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA). RevMan 5 software was used to conduct meta-analysis and subgroup analysis using a random-effects model. Results: The search yielded 22 high-quality intervention articles that were suitable for further meta-analysis. Meta-analysis revealed that psychosocial interventions have a small to moderate significant effect on carer burden (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.34, confidence interval [CI] = [−0.59, −0.09]), depression (SMD = −0.36, CI = [−0.60, −0.13]), and general health (SMD = 0.34, CI = [0.18, 0.51]). Discussion: Psychosocial interventions had a positive impact on carer outcomes; however, these results should be interpreted with caution, given the significant level of heterogeneity in study designs. Future research could examine contextual and implementation mechanisms underlying psychosocial interventions to develop effective support systems for family carers of people with dementia.

Interventions to Increase Physical Activity in Children Aged 2-5 Years: A Systematic Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiying Ling ◽  
Lorraine B. Robbins ◽  
Fujun Wen ◽  
Wei Peng
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Activity Component ◽  
Involved Parents ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Multicomponent Interventions ◽  
Objectively Measured Physical Activity

Comprehensive evaluation of prior interventions designed to increase preschoolers’ physical activity is lacking. This systematic review aimed to examine the effect of interventions on objectively measured physical activity in children aged 2–5 years. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. In May 2014, we searched PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ERIC, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane, and Embase. Two reviewers independently identified and appraised the studies. Twenty-four articles describing 23 independent studies and 20 unique interventions met inclusion criteria. Of the 8 interventions resulting in a significant effect in objectively measured physical activity, all were center-based and included a structured physical activity component, 6 included multiple components, 5 integrated theories or models, and 4 actively involved parents. Seven of the 8 were randomized controlled trials. Due to the heterogeneity of the study designs, physical activity measures, and interventions, drawing definitive conclusions was difficult. Although the overall intervention effect was less than optimal, the review indicated that theory-driven, multicomponent interventions including a structured physical activity component and targeting both parents and their children may be a promising approach for increasing preschoolers’ physical activity and warrant continued investigation using rigorous designs to identify those that are most effective.

scholarly journals The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool: a systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. E6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron M. Yengo-Kahn ◽  
Andrew T. Hale ◽  
Brian H. Zalneraitis ◽  
Scott L. Zuckerman ◽  
Allen K. Sills ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Standardized Assessment ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Sport Concussion ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Study Designs

OBJECTIVE Over the last 2 decades, sport-related concussion (SRC) has garnered significant attention. Even with increased awareness and athlete education, sideline recognition and real-time diagnosis remain crucial. The need for an objective and standardized assessment of concussion led to the eventual development of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) during the Second International Conference on Concussion in Sport in 2004, which is now in its third iteration (SCAT3). In an effort to update our understanding of the most well-known sideline concussion assessment, the authors conducted a systematic review of the SCAT and the evidence supporting its use to date. METHODS English-language titles and abstracts published between 1995 and October 2015 were searched systematically across 4 electronic databases and a review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines adapted for the review of a heterogeneous collection of study designs. Peer-reviewed journal articles were included if they reported quantitative data on any iteration of the SCAT, Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC), or modified Balance Error Scoring System (mBESS) data at baseline or following concussion in an exclusively athlete population with any portion older than 13 years of age. Studies that included nonathletes, only children less than 13 years old, exclusively BESS data, exclusively symptom scale data, or a non–SCAT-related assessment were excluded. RESULTS The database search process yielded 549 abstracts, and 105 full-text articles were reviewed with 36 meeting criteria for inclusion. Nineteen studies were associated with the SAC, 1 was associated with the mBESS exclusively, and 16 studies were associated with a full iteration of the SCAT. The majority of these studies (56%) were prospective cohort studies. Male football players were the most common athletes studied. An analysis of the studies focused on baseline differences associated with age, sex, concussion history, and the ability to detect an SRC. CONCLUSIONS Looking toward the upcoming Concussion in Sport Group meeting in fall 2016, one may expect further revision to the SCAT3. However, based on this systematic review, the authors propose further, in-depth study of an already comprehensive concussion test, with acute, diagnostic, as well as long-term use.

scholarly journals Effective Virtual Interventions to Enhance Psychological Capital: A mixed-methods systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy Xu ◽  
Aljeena Rahat Qureshi ◽  
Yar Mohamed Al Dabagh ◽  
Cynthia Lai Kin ◽  
Rida Khan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Individual Recognition ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Appraisal Tool

BACKGROUNDDeveloped from positive psychology, Psychological Capital (PsyCap) entails a collection of intrinsic traits which may be optimized for productive and sustainable outcomes in life. This systematic review explores potential virtual implementation of PsyCap interventions, especially given the digital transition amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and its potential usage in the future.METHODSUtilizing a mixed-methods systematic review, this convergent integrated synthesis involves database searches conducted in APA PsychINFO, Web of Science and PubMed with literature published between 1995 and 2020. This systematic review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines with a registered PROSPERO protocol. With diverse study designs and accompanying grey literature, heterogeneity precluded statistical analysis for qualitative presentation of included studies. Study screening, extraction, and quality appraisal (using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool) were performed by two authors independently and reconciled. Disagreements were resolved by a third author.RESULTSPresent literature has determined effective increase of PsyCap with the PCI Intervention Model. Strengths-based interventions assisted in identifying individual recognition in strengths to maximize potential and increase PsyCap. Other interventions have been found to support hope, self-efficacy, resilience, or optimism (HERO).CONCLUSIONOverall, interventions from included studies showed effective improvement in HERO elements and increased PsyCap in individuals in academia and the workplace. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and future application, PsyCap interventions may be further explored and modified for virtual implementation for young adults.

scholarly journals INDUSTRY 4.0: glitter or gold? A systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Bernardi Pereira ◽  
Adriana de Paula Lacerda Santos ◽  
Marcelo Gechele Cleto
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Academic Context ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Meta Analyses

Publications on the fourth industrial revolution have skyrocketed since its establishment in 2011, both in academic and non-academic channels. Even though their measurable results have been published in non-academic material, especially among industry and business reports, within the academia it is still unclear how they are shown. This study aims to review and analyse the presence of industrial results within the academic context in a systematic manner by using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. The findings indicate an increase trend of this type of publication within the academia and further directions are suggested.

scholarly journals Association between subjective tinnitus and cognitive performance: protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e023700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan A Clarke ◽  
Michael A Akeroyd ◽  
Helen Henshaw ◽  
Derek J Hoare
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Subjective Tinnitus ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Study Designs

IntroductionSubjective tinnitus is very common and has a number of comorbid associations including depression, sleep disturbance and concentration difficulties. Concentration difficulties may be observable in people with tinnitus through poorer behavioural performance in tasks thought to measure specific cognitive domains such as attention and memory (ie, cognitive performance). Several reviews have discussed the association between tinnitus and cognition; however, none to date have investigated the association between tinnitus and cognitive performance through meta-analysis with reference to an established theoretical taxonomy. Furthermore, there has been little overlap between sets of studies that have been included in previous reviews, potentially contributing to the typically mixed findings that are reported.Methods and analysisThis systematic review aims to comprehensively review the literature using an established theoretical taxonomy and quantitatively synthesise relevant data to determine associations between subjective tinnitus and cognitive performance. Methods are reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols. All study designs will be eligible for inclusion with no date restrictions on searches. Studies eligible for inclusion must contain adult participants (≥18 years) with subjective tinnitus and a behavioural measure of cognitive performance. Meta-analysis will be reported via correlation for the association between tinnitus and cognitive performance.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical issues are foreseen. Findings will be reported in a student thesis, at national and international , ear, nose and throat/audiology conferences and by peer-reviewed publication.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018085528.

Comparing the Well-Being of Para and Olympic Sport Athletes: A Systematic Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Macdougall ◽  
Paul O’Halloran ◽  
Nora Shields ◽  
Emma Sherry
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Rigorous Study ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Olympic Sport

This systematic review included 12 studies that compared the well-being of Para and Olympic sport athletes. Meta-analyses revealed that Para athletes, compared with Olympic sport athletes, had lower levels of self-acceptance, indicated by athletic identity, d = -0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) [-0.77, -0.16], and body-image perceptions, d = -0.33, 95% CI [-0.59, -0.07], and differed from Olympic sport athletes in terms of their motivation, indicated by a greater mastery-oriented climate, d = 0.74, 95% CI [0.46, 1.03]. Given an inability to pool the remaining data for meta-analysis, individual standardized mean differences were calculated for other dimensions of psychological and subjective well-being. The results have implications for professionals and coaches aiming to facilitate the well-being needs of athletes under their care. Future research would benefit from incorporating established models of well-being based on theoretical rationale combined with rigorous study designs.

DIAGNOSTIC ALTERNATIVES TO ENDOCOSPIC ULTRASOUND IN SUBEPITHELIAL LESIONS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 153-156
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos Bertges ◽  
Ana Paula Ferreira ◽  
Klaus Ruback Bertges ◽  
Erika Ruback Bertges ◽  
Izabella Paiva Diogo Dornellas
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Mucosal Incision ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Subepithelial Lesions ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Incision Biopsy

Introduction: Subepithelial lesions are a challenge in clinical practice, often requiring a biopsy for a proper diagnosis. Currently, the gold standard is an endocospic ultrasound, which is rarely available. Objectives: Use a systematic review to check the effectiveness of the mucosal incision-assisted biopsy and assess whether it can be an alternative to endocospic ultrasound. Methods: The most relevant studies in the MedLine and SciELO databases were reviewed, and only randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT) and meta-analyses were considered. The search strategy used the following combinations of keywords: subepithelial lesion mucosal incision biopsy. The following terms were used to identify the study designs: clinical trials. Results: Seven articles that demonstrated the usefulness of the study technique and diagnostic efcacy were included in the scope of this review. This technique seems safe for biopsies. However, it is controversial for the resection of lesions. It has limitations, such as being more time-consuming. Conclusion: Mucosal incision-assisted biopsy can be considered useful in clinical practice and is still an effective technique and an alternative to endocospic ultrasound

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