scholarly journals The fallacy of discrete authentic leader behaviours: Locating authentic leadership in interaction

Leadership ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 174271502110158
Author(s):  
Magnus Larsson ◽  
Jonathan Clifton ◽  
Stephanie Schnurr
Keyword(s):  
Authentic Leadership ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Causal Logic ◽  
Workplace Interaction

The concept of authentic leadership is increasingly the focus of much leadership scholarship, and many have called for a review of the basic assumptions that underpin it. Taking an interactional approach to authentic leadership (AL) and using naturally occurring workplace interaction as data, we seek to question two basic assumptions of AL scholarship, namely (1) that authentic leadership emanates from the atomized leader and (2) that there is a causal logic to it so that authentic leadership behaviours are the cause of follower outcomes. Addressing the research questions – what is the nature of the empirical phenomenon that is called AL and where can this be ontologically located? – our findings indicate that these two fundamental assumptions that underpin current AL research are not justified. Rather, what is taken to be AL is better understood as a collective and collaborative achievement, which can neither simply be attributed to the leader nor can the leader’s actions alone lead to follower outcomes.

scholarly journals Can authentic leadership influence the employees’ organizational justice perceptions? – a study in the hotel context

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepu Kurian ◽  
Fredrick M. Nafukho
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Organizational Justice ◽  
Authentic Leadership ◽  
Interactional Justice ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Informational Justice ◽  
Hotel Employees ◽  
Justice Perceptions ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe primary purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between a positive style of leadership, specifically authentic leadership, and organizational justice perceptions of employees' in the hotel industry. The following research questions guided the study: What relationship existed between hotel employees' perception toward authentic leadership and organizational justice? What relationship existed between hotel employees' perception toward authentic leadership and distributive justice, procedural justice, interactional justice and informational justice dimensions? What relationship existed among hotel employees' perception toward organizational justice, authentic leadership and their demographic background?.Design/methodology/approachThe study approached the research questions from a quantitative, non-experimental research perspective utilizing a cross-sectional survey and descriptive correlational design, which describes the relationship or association between two or more variables in the study which are authentic leadership and organizational justice.FindingsThe results indicate that authentic leadership has a strong relationship with hotel employees' organizational justice perceptions, and authentic leadership predicted the employees' perceptions of organizational justice. Authentic leadership is a relative new leadership approach rooted in positive psychology emphasizing on the ethical and moral aspects of leadership, and the results of the study found that when employees perceive their leaders to follow the authentic leadership paradigm, they also perceive high levels of organizational justice. Authentic leadership has stronger relationships with informational and interpersonal dimensions of justice which implies that authentic leaders are strategic in their interactions with their employees. The results also imply that when employees perceive justice in terms of procedures and outcomes, they believe that organizations determine those more than their supervisors.Research limitations/implicationsThe differences in the strengths of relationship between authentic leadership and structural forms of justice (distributive and procedural), and authentic leadership and interactional forms of justice (informational and interpersonal), have implications for both justice and leadership theories. The results suggest that authentic leader behaviors create a fair climate – an interpersonally and informationally fair climate which promotes all forms of justice perceptions in individual followers. However, it needs to be further researched whether leaders with high interpersonal skills and information-sharing abilities showing consideration and respect to employees may result in higher levels of organizational justice perceptions. Thus, further research is needed to determine the relationship of authentic leadership and each of the organizational justice (distributive, procedural, informational and interpersonal) dimensions, which may provide more insights as to whether leader behavior contains element of justice itself.Practical implicationsThe findings showcase the need for organizations in the hotel and hospitality industry to establish programs that focus on leadership practices which improve employees' perceptions of organizational justice and, in turn, lead to positive organizational outcomes including reducing the considerable costs of employee turnover. It is also important that employees are aware of the policies and procedures and have a perception that they can connect and communicate to their supervisors and managers.Social implicationsThis study falls into the larger conversation of social justice and how an organization's leadership can be a strong associate for social justice movements by supporting equity within the organization.Originality/valueThe study integrates leadership and justice theories in a hotel context. The results of this study may motivate hospitality/ hotel leaders to include authentic leadership development as an actionable strategy to bolster fairness and mitigate some of the negative features of the industry.

Accomplishing leadership-in-interaction by mobilizing available information and communication technology objects in a virtual context

Leadership ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 546-567
Author(s):  
Lise D Arvedsen ◽  
Liv O Hassert
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Underdeveloped Area ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Workplace Interaction

Leadership-in-interaction is a somewhat underdeveloped area of research which to date has concentrated on talk-in-interaction to the detriment of other modalities. Consequently, this paper seeks to illustrate how social actors make use of different modalities to accomplish leadership, which we conceptualize as the creation of direction, alignment, and commitment. Through multimodal conversation analysis this paper explores interactions between actors in virtual contexts, a particularly interesting empirical setting as the context offers specific constraints on everyday workplace interaction. By zooming in on the interaction using transcripts of naturally occurring interaction, we find that the accomplishment of leadership, direction, alignment, and commitment, in a constrained virtual context can appear mundane. However, at the same time the accomplishment of leadership calls for the mobilization of several multimodal resources (both talk and information and communication technology objects). The analysis makes it evident that the actors mobilize objects to draw on their situated affordances, in the accomplishment of direction, alignment, and commitment. With a fine-grained analysis of naturally occurring data, we illustrate that leadership is a collective achievement. We also expand the understanding of leadership in practice, especially in virtual contexts, by demonstrating how actors utilize objects and verbal resources in the co-production of leadership.

scholarly journals A Conversation Analytic Study of Laughter in Psychotherapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lani Pomeroy
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Anecdotal Evidence ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Categorical Analysis ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Analytical Work ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Talking Cure ◽  
Therapy Sessions

<p>This thesis is an investigation into laughter in psychotherapeutic interactions. Conversation analysis was the method used to analyse laughter practices by client and therapist that aid in the business of psychotherapy. Analysing naturally occurring talk is important as it reveals how actions are accomplished, as some past studies on laughter in psychotherapy rely on anecdotal evidence and categorical analysis. Additionally, past psychological literature on laughter can view the phenomenon of laughter as random, and as a by-product of humour. An assumption of conversation analysis is the view of talk being systematic and organised. There is no detail too small that it does not contribute to an interaction (Jefferson, 1985). With this viewpoint in mind conversation analysts have revealed laughter to be an orderly phenomenon that is capable of other actions in talk besides appreciating humour. However, there is a lack of conversation analytical work in laughter during therapy; a gap this thesis sought to address. In particular there were two research questions. If laughter does not have the sole role of appreciating humour, what can it do in psychotherapy? Additionally, past studies in psychotherapy have linked laughter to affiliation in therapy sessions, but do not illustrate the specific sequence of how rapport is achieved in the interaction itself. Psychotherapy can be known as the „talking cure‟ (Perakyla, Antaki, Vehvilainen, & Leudar, 2008), thus, the second question is how does laughter display affiliation in therapeutic talk? Using the fundamental literature of conversation analysis there were two findings regarding laughter in psychotherapy found in this thesis. Firstly, clients would laugh responsively to an action of therapeutic import, the laughter functioned as a marker of dis-preference and an invitation for the therapist to laugh. The therapist would dis-attend the client‟s laughter in order to prompt talk which progressed the therapy from the client. Secondly, therapist could affiliate with the client by display a shared stance towards a matter spoken of by the client. During or after these displays the therapist invited laughter from the client so that the two could laugh together in a further display of shared emotional alignment. These results expanded conversation analytical work on laughter regarding laughter invitations (Jefferson, 1979) and work on psychotherapeutic interactions regarding the prompting of talk (Muntigl, & Hadic Zabala, 2008). The findings also provide empirical evidence for how therapists affiliate with their clients using laughter at the micro-analytical level. The findings of this thesis contribute to psychological, conversation analytical, and psychotherapeutic knowledge on laughter.</p>

scholarly journals What Are Good Leaders Made Of? Finnish School Children’s Descriptions of Leadership

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanna Hyvärinen ◽  
Satu Uusiautti ◽  
Kaarina Määttä
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Authentic Leadership ◽  
Narrative Research ◽  
Sixth Graders ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Leadership Studies ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Authentic Leadership Theory ◽  
Good Leader

The purpose of this research was to analyze Finnish students’ descriptions of good leaders and leadership. The study had two research questions: (1) What kinds of characteristics does a good leader have according to Finnish students’ perceptions and (2) how do the students describe the emphases of leadership activities? This was a qualitative study that applied the narrative research approach. The data consisted of essays written by 38 sixth-graders from one Finnish school. The data collection method used empathy-based frame stories to prompt essays. The main characteristics of a good leader were friendliness, diligence and enthusiasm, and deliberation and determination. Three emphases in leadership activities could be found in the essays: decision-making and responsibility for results, caring, and enjoyment of the leader’s work. The study contributes new viewpoints to the authentic leadership theory and less studied perspectives in the field of leadership studies in general.

scholarly journals Social Functions of Conditional Apologies in Business Communication

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Xing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Business Communication ◽  
Business English ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Full Responsibility ◽  
Detailed Explanation ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Face Threat

The objective of this study is to investigate what social functions conditional apologies perform. To this end, naturally occurring conditional apologies were identified in an authentic business corpus, the Cambridge Business English Corpus (CBEC). From the perspective of speakers’ face needs, two research questions were discussed. The first question asks what the functions are that conditional apologies are employed to fulfil when used by speakers. The second question is whether conditional apologies are oriented towards the speaker’s positive needs. In the spoken and written corpora of the CBEC, occurrences of sorry-based expressions (sorry and I’m sorry) collocating with if are extracted, and the ratios of occurrences of conditional apologies to all apologies of sorry-based expression are compared. Our findings indicate that in business communication, the conditional apology could be used as a downgrading strategy for the purpose of denying full responsibility and decreasing face-threat to the speakers. The conditional apology could also be used by speakers to distance themselves from the offense, question the offensiveness of the event and to deny the speaker’s knowledge of it or involvement in it. Furthermore, through analysis of real examples, conditional apologies are determined to be driven by a desire to satisfy the speaker’s positive face needs in these contexts. In addition, our observation reveals that there is a tendency for the conditional apology to be used with a coordinating conjunction but to add a contrast statement in order to add detailed explanation regarding the causes of those offenses.

scholarly journals Gatekeeping the interactional order: field access and linguistic ideologies in Content and Language Integrated Learning–type bilingual education programs in Spanish secondary schools

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 854-873
Author(s):  
David Poveda ◽  
Frances Giampapa ◽  
Ana María Relaño-Pastor
Keyword(s):  
Bilingual Education ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Central Spain ◽  
Linguistic Ideologies ◽  
Bilingual Programs ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Sociolinguistic Ethnography

This article reflexively discusses field access as a continuous process in linguistic ethnographic fieldwork and illustrates how interactions generated during negotiations to establish a research collaboration, initial contacts with participants or data gathered to complement audio-visual recordings of naturally occurring interaction can, in fact, become rich sources to answer research questions. The discussion is based on a critical sociolinguistic ethnography on the implementation of English-Spanish ‘bilingual programs’ in a mid-sized city in central Spain. To build this discussion we propose a framework in which particular research stances held by participants become closely intertwined with particular research processes, spaces and techniques.

Learner language morphology as a window to crosslinguistic influences: A key structure analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilmari Ivaska ◽  
Kirsti Siitonen
Keyword(s):  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Technical Development ◽  
Frequency Data ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
Learner Language ◽  
Feature Frequency

The study of crosslinguistic influences (CLI) has proven that morphosyntactic features exhibit CLI. Technical development and novel resources have enabled detection-based approaches, where potential CLI are revealed based on their observed frequencies and on differences between learners with different language backgrounds. The two research questions are as follows: (i) How construction-specific typological (dis)similarities between L1 and L2 affect the frequencies of linguistic features? (ii) Can such (dis)similarities be detected by comparing feature frequency data of L2? The data come from the International Corpus of Learner Finnish, and the methodology applied is the key structure analysis. The results support the applicability of the method: they show that constructional similarities may trigger CLI construction by construction, irrespective of the general similarities or genealogical categorizations. The results further imply the importance of controlling the genre-related and topical variation to account for skewed nature of the data when dealing with naturally occurring learner language data.

Towards a Multilingual Literary History: Lessons from a conflict environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (06) ◽  
pp. 1816-1848
Author(s):  
ANNEMARI DE SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Literary Histories ◽  
Multilingual Research ◽  
Policy Shifts

AbstractThis article presents methodologies towards a multilingual literary history of Sri Lanka in the twentieth century by examining multilingual encounters or cultures through places, people, and institutions. Massey's concept of plural space underpins the study and gives rise to various strategies to build a multilingual literary history. The guiding research questions are: How do we construct multilingual literary histories in the context of language-based conflict? What can conflict environments teach us about approaches to multilingual literary histories and spheres? In addition to discovering future directions for intra-national comparative literary studies and documenting multilingual cultures and sites, I also focus on the changing geography of multilingualism in the twentieth century. As ideological separation of language spheres turned to real-world segregation through a series of policy shifts and institutional changes, we see that the pursuit of multilingual research takes us from organic, or naturally occurring, sites of multilingualism to orchestrated, or purposefully created, sites. Orchestrated sites work to counterbalance the decreasing opportunity for organic multilingual encounters in the context of ethnolinguistic conflict.

scholarly journals A Conversation Analytic Study of Laughter in Psychotherapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lani Pomeroy
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Anecdotal Evidence ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Categorical Analysis ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Analytical Work ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Talking Cure ◽  
Therapy Sessions

<p>This thesis is an investigation into laughter in psychotherapeutic interactions. Conversation analysis was the method used to analyse laughter practices by client and therapist that aid in the business of psychotherapy. Analysing naturally occurring talk is important as it reveals how actions are accomplished, as some past studies on laughter in psychotherapy rely on anecdotal evidence and categorical analysis. Additionally, past psychological literature on laughter can view the phenomenon of laughter as random, and as a by-product of humour. An assumption of conversation analysis is the view of talk being systematic and organised. There is no detail too small that it does not contribute to an interaction (Jefferson, 1985). With this viewpoint in mind conversation analysts have revealed laughter to be an orderly phenomenon that is capable of other actions in talk besides appreciating humour. However, there is a lack of conversation analytical work in laughter during therapy; a gap this thesis sought to address. In particular there were two research questions. If laughter does not have the sole role of appreciating humour, what can it do in psychotherapy? Additionally, past studies in psychotherapy have linked laughter to affiliation in therapy sessions, but do not illustrate the specific sequence of how rapport is achieved in the interaction itself. Psychotherapy can be known as the „talking cure‟ (Perakyla, Antaki, Vehvilainen, & Leudar, 2008), thus, the second question is how does laughter display affiliation in therapeutic talk? Using the fundamental literature of conversation analysis there were two findings regarding laughter in psychotherapy found in this thesis. Firstly, clients would laugh responsively to an action of therapeutic import, the laughter functioned as a marker of dis-preference and an invitation for the therapist to laugh. The therapist would dis-attend the client‟s laughter in order to prompt talk which progressed the therapy from the client. Secondly, therapist could affiliate with the client by display a shared stance towards a matter spoken of by the client. During or after these displays the therapist invited laughter from the client so that the two could laugh together in a further display of shared emotional alignment. These results expanded conversation analytical work on laughter regarding laughter invitations (Jefferson, 1979) and work on psychotherapeutic interactions regarding the prompting of talk (Muntigl, & Hadic Zabala, 2008). The findings also provide empirical evidence for how therapists affiliate with their clients using laughter at the micro-analytical level. The findings of this thesis contribute to psychological, conversation analytical, and psychotherapeutic knowledge on laughter.</p>

What Is Positive Evolutionary Psychology?

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Glenn Geher ◽  
Nicole Wedberg
Keyword(s):  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Good Life ◽  
The Good Life ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
New Research ◽  
Shed Light

Positive evolutionary psychology is the marriage of positive psychology and evolutionary psychology. Evolutionary psychology focuses on using Darwin’s big idea to shed light on all kinds of psychological phenomena. Positive psychology seeks to use the scientific approach to understanding psychological phenomena to help people lead richer lives. Positive evolutionary psychology thus is the use of evolutionary principles to help guide people toward living richer lives. This first chapter spells out the basics of this approach to help set the reader on a journey toward understanding Darwin’s implications for living the good life. Laying the groundwork for the basic assumptions and parameters of positive evolutionary psychology, then, should have the capacity to lead to new research questions and new insights into the positive aspects of the human experience.

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