The benefit (and cost) of drawing as an encoding strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-210
Author(s):  
Melissa E Meade ◽  
Michael D Klein ◽  
Myra A Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
False Alarm ◽  
False Memory ◽  
Recognition Test ◽  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Drm Paradigm ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Object Features ◽  
Encoding Strategy

Drawing, as an encoding strategy for to-be-remembered words, has previously been shown to provide robust memory benefits. In the current study, we investigated the effect of drawing on false memory endorsements during a recognition test. We found that while drawing led to higher hit rates relative to writing (Experiment 1) and creating visual mental imagery (Experiment 2), it also led to higher false alarm (FA) rates to critical lures in a variant of the Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM) paradigm. When compared with an encoding strategy requiring listing of object features (Experiment 3), drawing led to a lower FA rate. We suggest that drawing enhances memory by promoting recollection of rich visual contextual information during retrieval, and this leads to the unintended side effect of increasing FA rates to related information.

scholarly journals Contextual Abductive Reasoning with Side-Effects

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 633-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUÍS MONIZ PEREIRA ◽  
EMMANUELLE-ANNA DIETZ ◽  
STEFFEN HÖLLDOBLER
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Operational Semantics ◽  
Syllogistic Reasoning ◽  
Abductive Reasoning ◽  
Reasoning Task ◽  
Bias Effect ◽  
Declarative Semantics ◽  
Scope Of Application

AbstractThe belief bias effect is a phenomenon which occurs when we think that we judge an argument based on our reasoning, but are actually influenced by our beliefs and prior knowledge. Evans, Barston and Pollard carried out a psychological syllogistic reasoning task to prove this effect. Participants were asked whether they would accept or reject a given syllogism. We discuss one specific case which is commonly assumed to be believable but which is actually not logically valid. By introducing abnormalities, abduction and background knowledge, we adequately model this case under the weak completion semantics. Our formalization reveals new questions about possible extensions in abductive reasoning. For instance, observations and their explanations might include some relevant prior abductive contextual information concerning some side-effect or leading to a contestable or refutable side-effect. A weaker notion indicates the support of some relevant consequences by a prior abductive context. Yet another definition describes jointly supported relevant consequences, which captures the idea of two observations containing mutually supportive side-effects. Though motivated with and exemplified by the running psychology application, the various new general abductive context definitions are introduced here and given a declarative semantics for the first time, and have a much wider scope of application. Inspection points, a concept introduced by Pereira and Pinto, allows us to express these definitions syntactically and intertwine them into an operational semantics.

EXPRESS: Drawing Individual Images Benefits Recognition Accuracy in the DRM Paradigm

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110564
Author(s):  
Jacob Namias ◽  
Mark Huff ◽  
Allison Smith ◽  
Nicholas Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
False Memory ◽  
False Recognition ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Drm Paradigm ◽  
Memory Accuracy ◽  
Reduction Experiment ◽  
Drawing Task

We examined the effects of drawing on correct and false recognition within the Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) false memory paradigm. In Experiment 1, we compared drawing of a word’s referent using either a standard black pencil or colored pencils relative to a read-only control group. Relative to reading, drawing in either black or colored pencil similarly boosted correct recognition and reduced false recognition. Signal-detection analyses indicated that drawing reduced the amount of encoded memory information for critical lures and increased monitoring, indicating that both processes contributed to the false recognition reduction. Experiment 2 compared drawing of individual images of DRM list items relative to drawing integrated images using sets of DRM list items. False recognition was lower for drawing of individual images relative to integrated images—a pattern that reflected a decrease in encoded memory information but not monitoring. Therefore, drawing individual images improves memory accuracy in the DRM paradigm relative to a standard read-control task and an integrated drawing task, which we argue is due to the recruitment of item-specific processing.

Mental imagery & false memory

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuen-ting, Olivia Ma
Keyword(s):  
False Memory ◽  
Mental Imagery

scholarly journals SEMANTIC ANNOTATIONS ON HERITAGE MODELS: 2D/3D APPROACHES AND FUTURE RESEARCH CHALLENGES

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B2-2020 ◽  
pp. 829-836
Author(s):  
V. Croce ◽  
G. Caroti ◽  
L. De Luca ◽  
A. Piemonte ◽  
P. Véron
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Semantic Annotation ◽  
External Information ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Semantic Annotations ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
Application Fields

Abstract. Research in the field of Cultural Heritage is increasingly moving towards the creation of digital information systems, in which the geometric representation of an artifact is linked to some external information, through meaningful tags. The process of attributing additional and structured information to various elements in a given digital model is customarily identified with the term semantic annotation; the added contextual information is associated, for instance, to analysis and conservation terms. Starting from the existing literature, aim of this work is to discuss how semantic annotations are used, in digital architectural heritage models, to link the geometrical representation of an artefact with knowledge-related information. Most consolidated methods -such as traditional mapping on 2D media, are compared with more recent approaches making the most of 3D representation. Reference is made, in particular, to Heritage-BIM techniques and to collaborative reality-based platforms, such as Aïoli (http://aioli.cloud). Potentialities and limits of the different solutions proposed in literature are critically discussed, also addressing future research challenges in Cultural Heritage application fields.

HybRecSys: Content-based contextual hybrid venue recommender system

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysun Bozanta ◽  
Birgul Kutlu
Keyword(s):  
Recommendation System ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Recommendation Systems ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Weather Underground ◽  
Information User ◽  
Location Based Social Networks ◽  
Hybrid Recommendation ◽  
Content Based Filtering

The popularity of location-based social networks has prompted researchers to study recommendation systems for location-based services. When used separately, each existing venue recommendation system algorithm has its own drawbacks (e.g. cold start, data sparsity, scalability). Another issue is that critical information about context is not commonly used in venue recommendation systems. This article proposes a hybrid recommendation model that combines contextual information, user-based and item-based collaborative filtering and content-based filtering. For this purpose, we collected user visit histories, venue-related information (distance, category, popularity and price) and contextual information (weather, season, date and time of visits) related to individual user visits from Twitter, Foursquare and Weather Underground. Experimental evaluation of the proposed hybrid system (HybRecSys) using a real-world dataset shows better results than baseline approaches.

The Cognitive Mechanism of Mood-Congruent False Memory in DRM Paradigm

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1596-1606
Author(s):  
Wei-Wei ZHANG ◽  
Fei GAO ◽  
Jun JIANG ◽  
Ji-Yuan ZHANG ◽  
Qing-Lin ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
False Memory ◽  
Drm Paradigm ◽  
Cognitive Mechanism

The Effect of Client Lies on Auditor Memory Resistance and False Memory Acceptance

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy E. Brewster
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
False Memory ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Misinformation Effect ◽  
Delayed Effect ◽  
Memory Error ◽  
Related Information

SUMMARY In this study, I examine the conditions that moderate auditor resistance toward and susceptibility to believing client-provided lies. In particular, I predict that auditors who cannot directly refute incorrect management explanations with their own evidence-related memories are susceptible to the misinformation effect. This effect describes a phenomenon where an individual recalls false memories, based on client lies, instead of his/her own real memories. I use a laboratory experiment involving professional auditors who must compile industry-related evidence to corroborate an invalid management explanation. As expected, I find that auditors with better-developed evidence memories provide lower evaluations of management credibility and explanation sufficiency when presented with a blatantly incorrect explanation. When subsequently prompted to access the related information, auditors with poorly developed evidence memories give responses that are consistent with management-provided false memories instead of their own previously gathered evidence memories. Auditors identifying the incorrect explanation did not succumb to the misinformation effect and exhibited recall more consistent with their own evidence memories. Overall, results show that client discussion can produce a delayed effect by inducing a form of memory error when the auditors subsequently retrieve evidence stored in their memory. Data Availability: Contact the author for data availability.

Adapting Collective Tendencies in Narrative Advertising

2019 ◽  
pp. 322-332
Author(s):  
Ayca Oralkan
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Brand Value ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Branding Strategies ◽  
A Company

Brands are communication-based strategies where consumer expectations confront with company values, goals and promises. Developing successful branding strategies enables strengthened personal bonds with target groups. Stories have always captivated people and a company can tell its own story to reflect the brand value and the company vision. In the current social media era, narrative advertising has become a favorite tool of communication in reaching the target groups as a persuasion technique by making the audience feel involved and be part of the stories. In this context, collective tendencies are adapted to be the hosting medium for the slogan of the brand or any related information regarding the branding strategies. On the other hand, collective inertia, which develops as a side effect of these cultural tendencies, allows the new approaches as a source of interest if and only if they pass the high threshold. In these circumstances, narrative advertising is one of the most appropriate methods that can be used for a successful marketing strategy to overcome the inertia resistance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document