scholarly journals Comparing unfamiliar voice and face identity perception using identity sorting tasks

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 1537-1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Johnson ◽  
Carolyn McGettigan ◽  
Nadine Lavan
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Sorting Task ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Face Matching ◽  
Matching Test ◽  
Voice Matching ◽  
Sorting Tasks ◽  
Identity Perception ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
And Task

Identity sorting tasks, in which participants sort multiple naturally varying stimuli of usually two identities into perceived identities, have recently gained popularity in voice and face processing research. In both modalities, participants who are unfamiliar with the identities tend to perceive multiple stimuli of the same identity as different people and thus fail to “tell people together.” These similarities across modalities suggest that modality-general mechanisms may underpin sorting behaviour. In this study, participants completed a voice sorting and a face sorting task. Taking an individual differences approach, we asked whether participants’ performance on voice and face sorting of unfamiliar identities is correlated. Participants additionally completed a voice discrimination (Bangor Voice Matching Test) and a face discrimination task (Glasgow Face Matching Test). Using these tasks, we tested whether performance on sorting related to explicit identity discrimination. Performance on voice sorting and face sorting tasks was correlated, suggesting that common modality-general processes underpin these tasks. However, no significant correlations were found between sorting and discrimination performance, with the exception of significant relationships for performance on “same identity” trials with “telling people together” for voices and faces. Overall, any reported relationships were however relatively weak, suggesting the presence of additional modality-specific and task-specific processes.

scholarly journals Comparing unfamiliar voice and face identity perception using identity sorting tasks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Johnson ◽  
Carolyn McGettigan ◽  
Nadine Lavan
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Sorting Task ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Face Matching ◽  
Matching Test ◽  
Voice Matching ◽  
Sorting Tasks ◽  
Identity Perception ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
And Task

Identity sorting tasks, where participants sort a number of naturally varying stimuli of usually two identities into perceived identities, have recently gained popularity in voice and face processing research. For both modalities, striking similarities in the results of these sorting tasks are apparent: Participants who are unfamiliar with the identities usually struggle to accurately perceive identities from these variable stimuli. They tend to perceive multiple stimuli of the same identity as different people and thus fail to “tell people together”. These similarities in the reported results may suggest that modality-general mechanisms underpin the completion of sorting tasks. In the current study, participants completed a voice sorting and a face sorting task. Taking an individual differences approach, we therefore asked whether there is a relationship between participants’ performance on voice and face sorting of unfamiliar identities. Participants additionally completed a voice discrimination (Bangor Voice Matching Test) and face discrimination task (Glasgow Face Matching Test). Using these data, we furthermore tested whether performance on sorting tasks can be related to explicit identity discrimination tasks. Performance on voice sorting and face sorting tasks was correlated, suggesting that common modality-general processes underpin these tasks. However, these do not straightforwardly appear to be the same processes supporting identity discrimination: No significant correlations were found between sorting and discrimination performance, with the exception of significant relationships when correlating performance on same trials with “telling people together” for voices and faces. Overall, the reported relationships were relatively weak, suggesting the presence of additional modality-specific and task-specific processes.

scholarly journals How Is Sleep Related to Anxiety or Depression in Older Adults With Dementia?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 619-619
Author(s):  
Yeji Hwang ◽  
Nancy Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Subjective Sleep ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
The Family ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Anxiety and depression are one of the most distressing symptoms for the family caregivers. Little is known about the relationship between sleep impairments and anxiety/depression in this population and how objective and subjective sleep measures differ in relation to anxiety. This study was designed to examine the relationship between sleep impairments and anxiety/depression in people with dementia, using both subjective and objective sleep measures. Among the 170 study participants, 50% (n=85) reported to have anxiety/depression. In univariate logistic regression analyses on anxiety/depression, adjusting for dementia stage, people with more subjective sleep impairment had higher odds of having anxiety/depression (OR=1.111; 95% CI: 1.020-1.211, p=0.016) and people with poorer subjective sleep quality had higher odds of having anxiety/depression (OR=1.702; 95% CI: 1.046-2.769, p=0.032). Objective sleep measures from actigraphy did not show any significant relationships to anxiety/depression. The results suggest that subjective sleep measures are closely related to anxiety/depression in this population.

scholarly journals Effects of stimulus and task structure on temporal perceptual learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rannie Xu ◽  
Russell M. Church ◽  
Yuka Sasaki ◽  
Takeo Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Discrimination ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Task Structure ◽  
Comparison Task ◽  
Interval Representation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Temporal Intervals ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Temporal Learning ◽  
And Task

AbstractOur ability to discriminate temporal intervals can be improved with practice. This learning is generally thought to reflect an enhancement in the representation of a trained interval, which leads to interval-specific improvements in temporal discrimination. In the present study, we asked whether temporal learning is further constrained by context-specific factors dictated through the trained stimulus and task structure. Two groups of participants were trained using a single-interval auditory discrimination task over 5 days. Training intervals were either one of eight predetermined values (FI group), or random from trial to trial (RI group). Before and after the training period, we measured discrimination performance using an untrained two-interval temporal comparison task. Our results revealed a selective improvement in the FI group, but not the RI group. However, this learning did not generalize between the trained and untrained tasks. These results highlight the sensitivity of TPL to stimulus and task structure, suggesting that mechanisms of temporal learning rely on processes beyond changes in interval representation.

scholarly journals A grey area: How does image hue affect unfamiliar face matching?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna K Bobak ◽  
Viktoria Roumenova Mileva ◽  
Peter Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Matching Task ◽  
Mixed Condition ◽  
Face Matching ◽  
Matching Test ◽  
Unfamiliar Face Matching ◽  
Unfamiliar Face ◽  
Matching Performance ◽  
Small Decline ◽  
Clear Shift

The role of image colour in face identification has received little attention in research despite the importance of identifying people from photographs in identity documents (IDs). Here, in two experiments, we investigated whether colour congruency of two photographs shown side by side affects face matching accuracy. Participants were presented with two images from the Models Face Matching Test (Experiment 1) and a newly devised matching task incorporating female faces (Experiment 2) and asked to decide whether they show the same person, or two different people. The photographs were either both in colour, both in grayscale, or mixed (one in grayscale and one in colour). Participants were more likely to accept a pair of images as a “match”, i.e. same person, in the mixed condition, regardless of whether the identity of the pair was the same or not. This demonstrates a clear shift in bias between “congruent” colour conditions and the mixed trials. In addition, there was a small decline in accuracy in the mixed condition, relative to when the images were presented in colour. Our study provides the first evidence that the hue of document photographs matters for face matching performance. This finding has important implications for the design and regulation of photographic ID worldwide.

scholarly journals Unfamiliar Face Matching With Driving Licence and Passport Photographs

Perception ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin S. S. Kramer ◽  
Sophie Mohamed ◽  
Sarah C. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Sorting Task ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Performance Levels ◽  
Driving Licence ◽  
Face Matching ◽  
Unfamiliar Face Matching ◽  
Unfamiliar Face

Matching two different images of an unfamiliar face is difficult, although we rely on this process every day when proving our identity. Although previous work with laboratory photosets has shown that performance is error-prone, few studies have focussed on how accurately people carry out this matching task using photographs taken from official forms of identification. In Experiment 1, participants matched high-resolution, colour face photos with current UK driving licence photos of the same group of people in a sorting task. Averaging 19 mistaken pairings out of 30, our results showed that this task was both difficult and error-prone. In Experiment 2, high-resolution photographs were paired with either driving licence or passport photographs in a typical pairwise matching paradigm. We found no difference in performance levels for the two types of ID image, with both producing unacceptable levels of accuracy (around 75%–79% correct). The current work benefits from increased ecological validity and provides a clear demonstration that these forms of official identification are ineffective and alternatives should be considered.

Cognitive Differences between the Sexes in Memory for Names and Faces

1977 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 317-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn A. Borges ◽  
Linda S. Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Cognitive Differences ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female College ◽  
Face Matching ◽  
Matching Test ◽  
Test Female ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Female Subjects

22 male and 22 female college students were shown 30 pairs of faces and names to learn. Subsequent tests indicated that all students recognized more female stimuli than male stimuli and more names than faces. On the name-face matching test, female subjects performed better than did males, and male and female stimuli were matched equivalently.

Concept Utilization in Children's Sorting Behavior as a Function of Age

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1039-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Sugimura ◽  
Yoko Terao
Keyword(s):  
Nursery School ◽  
Sorting Task ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Rate Of Learning ◽  
Sorting Tasks

90 nursery school-aged children from 3 to 6 yr. Of age were given either a conceptual, a half-conceptual, or a nonconceptual sorting task. The youngest (3 yr.) children learned the three tasks almost at the same rate and the older (6 yr.) children learned the conceptual task faster and half-conceptual task slower than nonconceptual task, which showed no significant age difference. These were interpreted to show that the rate of learning instance-response associations remains constant from 3 to 6 yr. of age, whereas children's ability to use concepts in learning the sorting tasks increases through these ages.

scholarly journals Unfamiliar Face Matching With Frontal and Profile Views

Perception ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin S. S. Kramer ◽  
Michael G. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Matching Accuracy ◽  
Face Matching ◽  
Matching Test ◽  
Unfamiliar Face Matching ◽  
Unfamiliar Face ◽  
Unfamiliar Faces

Research has systematically examined how laboratory participants and real-world practitioners decide whether two face photographs show the same person or not using frontal images. In contrast, research has not examined face matching using profile images. In Experiment 1, we ask whether matching unfamiliar faces is easier with frontal compared with profile views. Participants completed the original, frontal version of the Glasgow Face Matching Test, and also an adapted version where all face pairs were presented in profile. There was no difference in performance across the two tasks, suggesting that both views were similarly useful for face matching. Experiments 2 and 3 examined whether matching unfamiliar faces is improved when both frontal and profile views are provided. We compared face matching accuracy when both a frontal and a profile image of each face were presented, with accuracy using each view alone. Surprisingly, we found no benefit when both views were presented together in either experiment. Overall, these results suggest that either frontal or profile views provide substantially overlapping information regarding identity or participants are unable to utilise both sources of information when making decisions. Each of these conclusions has important implications for face matching research and real-world identification development.

scholarly journals Context Effects in the Evaluation of Bodily Symptoms: Comparing Three Versions of the Health Norms Sorting Task

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Weck ◽  
Michael Witthöft
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Symptom ◽  
Context Effects ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Sorting Task ◽  
Context Variables ◽  
Symptom Reports ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Time Frames

The illness-related evaluation of bodily symptoms is considered to be an important maintaining factor in somatoform disorders. However, little is known about context variables that could influence this evaluation process. In the current study, participants completed three versions of the Health Norms Sorting Task (HNST) and evaluated bodily symptoms in different contexts (i.e., different evaluation perspectives and time frames of evaluation). Additionally, the three HNST versions were presented in different orders. Bodily symptoms were evaluated more often as a sign of illness when a specific time frame (i.e., one week) was given. However, this context effect was only large when participants had previously evaluated symptoms existing without a concrete duration. Thus, previously completed symptom evaluations appear to represent an important frame of reference in terms of a cue that makes specific context variables salient. The results further suggested that these cueing effects might be less relevant for participants with elevated somatic symptom reports.

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