scholarly journals Comparison of ballistic and strength training on swimming turn and dry-land leg extensor characteristics in elite swimmers

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian V Jones ◽  
David B Pyne ◽  
G Gregory Haff ◽  
Robert U Newton
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Elite Swimmers

Acute Resistance Exercise: Physiological and Biomechanical Alterations During a Subsequent Swim Training Session

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Gavriil G. Arsoniadis ◽  
Gregory C. Bogdanis ◽  
Gerasimos Terzis ◽  
Argyris G. Toubekis
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Stroke Rate ◽  
Stroke Length ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters

Purpose: To examine the acute effect of dry-land strength training on physiological and biomechanical parameters in a subsequent swim training session. Methods: Twelve male swimmers (age: 19.0 [2.2] y, peak oxygen uptake: 65.5 [11.4] mL·kg−1·min−1) performed a 5 × 200-m test with progressively increasing intensity. Blood lactate (BL) concentration was measured after each 200-m bout, and the speed corresponding to 4 mmol·L−1 (V4) was calculated. In the experimental (EXP) and control (CON) conditions, swimmers participated in a swim training session consisting of 1000-m warm-up, a bout of 10-second tethered swimming sprint, and 5 × 400 m at V4. In EXP condition, swimmers completed a dry-land strength training session (load: 85% of 1-repetition maximum) 15 minutes before the swimming session. In CON condition, swimmers performed the swimming session only. Oxygen uptake, BL concentration, arm-stroke rate, arm-stroke length, and arm-stroke efficiency were measured during the 5 × 400 m. Results: Force in the 10-second sprint was not different between conditions (P = .61), but fatigue index was higher in the EXP condition (P = .03). BL concentration was higher in EXP condition and showed large effect size at the fifth 400-m repetition compared with CON condition (6.4 [2.7] vs 4.6 [2.8] mmol·L−1, d = 0.63). During the 5 × 400 m, arm-stroke efficiency remained unchanged, arm-stroke length was decreased from the third repetition onward (P = .01), and arm-stroke rate showed a medium increment in EXP condition (d = 0.23). Conclusions: Strength training completed 15 minutes before a swim training session caused moderate changes in biomechanical parameters and increased BL concentration during swimming. Despite these changes, swimmers were able to maintain force and submaximal speed during the endurance training session.

Strength-Training Periodization: No Effect on Swimming Performance in Well-Trained Adolescent Swimmers

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1272-1280
Author(s):  
Moritz Schumann ◽  
Hannah Notbohm ◽  
Simon Bäcker ◽  
Jan Klocke ◽  
Stefan Fuhrmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Lower Body Strength ◽  
Experimental Group

Purpose: To assess the effects of periodized versus nonperiodized dry-land strength training (DLST) on indices of swimming performance in well-trained adolescent swimmers. Methods: Sixteen athletes (10 boys and 6 girls; age 14.9 [1.1] y) performed similar endurance training for 16 weeks (29.1 [7.5] km·wk−1). During weeks 1 to 7, all athletes additionally performed 2 or 3 times weekly whole-body DLST (3 × 6–10 repetitions at 75–85% 1-repetition maximum [1RM]). Thereafter, the DLST frequency was maintained, but athletes were stratified into periodized (experimental, n = 9) and nonperiodized (control, n = 7) DLST groups. The experimental group performed maximal (3 × 3–4 repetitions at 85–90% 1RM) and explosive DLST (throws and unloaded jumps), while in the control group, DLST was maintained. Results: Swimming time at 4 mmol·L−1 of blood lactate improved after 7 weeks in both the experimental (+2.6% [1.8%], P = .033) and the control groups (+3.2% [2.4%], P = .081) and plateaued thereafter. Ten-meter start improved in both the experimental (−3.6% [2.5%], P = .039) and the control groups (−5.1% [2.2%], P = .054) throughout the entire intervention. Both groups improved in maximal weight lifted in half-squat (experimental, +19.6% [14.9%], P = .021; control, +25.7% [18.4%], P = .054) and bench press (experimental, +14.1% [4.8%], P = .018; control, +19.3% [11.1%], P = .051). Countermovement-jump height increased only in the experimental group throughout the intervention (+19.4% [7.0%], P = .024). The associations for the pooled changes in half-squat performance and 4 mmol·L−1 of blood lactate were statistically significant (r = .560, P = .024). Conclusions: The findings do not support the superior effects of DLST periodization in adolescent swimmers. However, the association between improvements in lower-body strength and swimming performance still indicates the importance of muscle strength in this age group.

scholarly journals The effects of dry-land strength training on competitive sprinter swimmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Tiago J. Lopes ◽  
Henrique P. Neiva ◽  
Carlota A. Gonçalves ◽  
Célia Nunes ◽  
Daniel A. Marinho
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Dry Land

scholarly journals In-Season Strength Training in Elite Junior Swimmers: The Role of the Low-Volume, High-Velocity Training on Swimming Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
Mário C. Marques ◽  
Juan Manuel Yáñez-García ◽  
Daniel A. Marinho ◽  
Juan José González-Badillo ◽  
David Rodríguez-Rosell
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Dynamic Strength ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Maximal Dynamic Strength

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of long-term combined strength training (ST) and plyometrics on strength, power and swimming performances in elite junior swimmers during a competitive season. Ten elite junior swimmers (5 women and 5 men) completed the study (age: 16.6 ± 0.7 years; mass: 62.2 ± 5.4 kg; stature: 1.70 ± 0.07 m). The participants trained twice a week during 20 weeks. The ST program consisted of upper- and lower limbs exercises with low loads and low volume, lifting the load at maximal intended velocity. The effect of the training protocol was assessed using the 1RM in the full squat (SQ) and bench press (BP), jump height (CMJ), the maximal number of repetitions completed in the pull-up (PU) exercise and time during 50-m freestyle. Training program resulted in significant improvements in CMJ (12.1%, ES: 0.57), maximal dynamic strength in the SQ (16.4%, ES: 0.46) and BP (12.1%, ES: 0.34) exercises, the maximum number of repetitions completed during the PU test (90.7%, ES: 0.57) and swimming performance (-3.9%, ES: 0.45). There were no significant differences between both genders. The relative changes in swimming performance showed significant relationship with the relative changes in 1RM of SQ for pooled data (r=-0.66, p<0.05) and the relative changes in the PU exercise in female swimmers (r=-0.99, p<0.05). Therefore, coaches and strength and conditioning professionals should consider including in-season dry-land ST programs within the training routine in order to obtain further improvements in swimming performance.

Effects of Dry-Land Vs. In-Water Specific Strength Training on Professional Male Water Polo Playersʼ Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 3179-3187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Sáez de Villarreal ◽  
Luis Suarez-Arrones ◽  
Bernardo Requena ◽  
G. Gregory Haff ◽  
Rafael Ramos-Veliz
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Water Polo ◽  
Specific Strength

Dry-Land Strength Training vs. Electrical Stimulation in Sprint Swimming Performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 497-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Girold ◽  
Chadi Jalab ◽  
Olivier Bernard ◽  
Pierre Carette ◽  
Gilles Kemoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Sprint Swimming

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of a Dry-Land Shoulder Rotators Strength Training Program in Injury Prevention in Competitive Swimmers

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno Batalha ◽  
Carlos Paixão ◽  
António José Silva ◽  
Mário J. Costa ◽  
John Mullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Endurance Strength ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Muscle Balance ◽  
Daily Training ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

AbstractCompetitive swimmers usually undergo large mileage of daily training, in which propulsive force is produced mainly by the upper limbs. Some studies claim that dry-land shoulder rotators injury prevention programs before the in-water swim practice are paramount. However, the effect of shoulder strengthening prior to water training is unclear. This study aimed to analyse the acute effects of training programs conducted on dry land with the goal of preventing shoulder rotators injuries. A group of young swimmers (N = 23) was recruited to participate in this research. The peak torques of shoulder internal and external rotators were assessed before and after the completion of the compensatory strength training program. The isokinetic assessment was performed using two different protocols: 3 repetitions at 60⍛/s and 20 repetitions at 180⍛/s. Except for a trivial reduction in strength after the training program, there were no other significant differences in any of the studied variables (shoulders rotators endurance, strength and muscle balance). All results showed trivial to small effect sizes. Our findings suggest that a compensatory strength training program does not have a significant acute effect on the strength, endurance and muscle balance of shoulder rotators in young swimmers.

scholarly journals Knee Muscles Isokinetic Evaluation after a Six-Month Regular Combined Swim and Dry-Land Strength Training Period in Adolescent Competitive Swimmers

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios A. Dalamitros ◽  
Vasiliki Manou ◽  
Kosmas Christoulas ◽  
Spiros Kellis
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Training Period ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Isokinetic Testing ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

Abstract Previous studies demonstrated significant increases in the shoulder internal rotators’ peak torque values and unilateral muscular imbalances of the shoulder rotators after a competitive swim period. However, there are no similar data concerning the knee muscles. The purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of a six-month training period on knee flexor and extensor peak torque values, examine a possible bilateral strength deficit and evaluate the unilateral strength balance in competitive swimmers. Eleven male adolescent swimmers (age: 14.82 ± 0.45 years) were tested for concentric knee extension and flexion peak torque (60°/s) with an isokinetic dynamometer, before and after a regular combined swim and dry-land strength training period. A trend towards greater improvements in the knee extensor compared to flexor muscles peak torque was observed. Furthermore, the bilateral strength deficit remained almost unchanged, whereas unilateral strength imbalance was increased for both limbs. However, all results were nonsignificant (p > 0.05). According to the data presented, a six-month regular combined swim and dry-land strength training period caused non-significant alterations for all the parameters evaluated during isokinetic testing. This study highlights the fact that competitive adolescent swimmers demonstrated unilateral knee strength imbalances throughout a long period of their yearly training macrocycle.

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