scholarly journals In-Season Strength Training in Elite Junior Swimmers: The Role of the Low-Volume, High-Velocity Training on Swimming Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
Mário C. Marques ◽  
Juan Manuel Yáñez-García ◽  
Daniel A. Marinho ◽  
Juan José González-Badillo ◽  
David Rodríguez-Rosell
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Dynamic Strength ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Maximal Dynamic Strength

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of long-term combined strength training (ST) and plyometrics on strength, power and swimming performances in elite junior swimmers during a competitive season. Ten elite junior swimmers (5 women and 5 men) completed the study (age: 16.6 ± 0.7 years; mass: 62.2 ± 5.4 kg; stature: 1.70 ± 0.07 m). The participants trained twice a week during 20 weeks. The ST program consisted of upper- and lower limbs exercises with low loads and low volume, lifting the load at maximal intended velocity. The effect of the training protocol was assessed using the 1RM in the full squat (SQ) and bench press (BP), jump height (CMJ), the maximal number of repetitions completed in the pull-up (PU) exercise and time during 50-m freestyle. Training program resulted in significant improvements in CMJ (12.1%, ES: 0.57), maximal dynamic strength in the SQ (16.4%, ES: 0.46) and BP (12.1%, ES: 0.34) exercises, the maximum number of repetitions completed during the PU test (90.7%, ES: 0.57) and swimming performance (-3.9%, ES: 0.45). There were no significant differences between both genders. The relative changes in swimming performance showed significant relationship with the relative changes in 1RM of SQ for pooled data (r=-0.66, p<0.05) and the relative changes in the PU exercise in female swimmers (r=-0.99, p<0.05). Therefore, coaches and strength and conditioning professionals should consider including in-season dry-land ST programs within the training routine in order to obtain further improvements in swimming performance.

scholarly journals A systematic review on dry-land strength and conditioning training on swimming performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. e1-e14 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M. Amaro ◽  
P.G. Morouço ◽  
M.C. Marques ◽  
N. Batalha ◽  
H. Neiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Dry Land

scholarly journals Precision strength training: Data-driven artificial intelligence approach to strength and conditioning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petteri Teikari ◽  
Aleksandra Pietrusz
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Measurement Technology ◽  
Dynamic Adjustment ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Concept System ◽  
Human In The Loop ◽  
Intelligence Approach

Abstract In strength training, personalised strength training (autoregulation) approaches have been used to individualise exercise programs with monitoring an for dynamic adjustment based on their responses to training. While this transition from tradition-based training to evidence-based training framework has been an improvement in training practices, we argue that the future of strength training will also incorporate deep learning models powered by data. We refer to this data-driven framework as precision strength training inspired by the similar modeling frameworks used in precision medicine. In contrast to current personalised training in which the acquired athlete data is often subject to human expert decision-making, we are anticipating the rise of human-in-the-loop systems with an augmented coach who will be doing decisions collaboratively with the machine. Similar to other precision frameworks, such as precision health, we envision such a future to take decades to be realised and we focus here on practical short-term targets on a way to long-term realisation. In this chapter, we will review the measurement technology needed for continuous data acquisition from an individual during training/physical activity, how to acquire these datasets for the development of such systems and, how a proof-of-concept system could be developed for powerlifting training with applicability to general strength and conditioning (S&amp;C) and physical rehabilitation purposes. Additionally, we will evaluate how the user experience (UX) of the system feedback and visualisation could be designed.

Strength-Training Periodization: No Effect on Swimming Performance in Well-Trained Adolescent Swimmers

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1272-1280
Author(s):  
Moritz Schumann ◽  
Hannah Notbohm ◽  
Simon Bäcker ◽  
Jan Klocke ◽  
Stefan Fuhrmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Lower Body Strength ◽  
Experimental Group

Purpose: To assess the effects of periodized versus nonperiodized dry-land strength training (DLST) on indices of swimming performance in well-trained adolescent swimmers. Methods: Sixteen athletes (10 boys and 6 girls; age 14.9 [1.1] y) performed similar endurance training for 16 weeks (29.1 [7.5] km·wk−1). During weeks 1 to 7, all athletes additionally performed 2 or 3 times weekly whole-body DLST (3 × 6–10 repetitions at 75–85% 1-repetition maximum [1RM]). Thereafter, the DLST frequency was maintained, but athletes were stratified into periodized (experimental, n = 9) and nonperiodized (control, n = 7) DLST groups. The experimental group performed maximal (3 × 3–4 repetitions at 85–90% 1RM) and explosive DLST (throws and unloaded jumps), while in the control group, DLST was maintained. Results: Swimming time at 4 mmol·L−1 of blood lactate improved after 7 weeks in both the experimental (+2.6% [1.8%], P = .033) and the control groups (+3.2% [2.4%], P = .081) and plateaued thereafter. Ten-meter start improved in both the experimental (−3.6% [2.5%], P = .039) and the control groups (−5.1% [2.2%], P = .054) throughout the entire intervention. Both groups improved in maximal weight lifted in half-squat (experimental, +19.6% [14.9%], P = .021; control, +25.7% [18.4%], P = .054) and bench press (experimental, +14.1% [4.8%], P = .018; control, +19.3% [11.1%], P = .051). Countermovement-jump height increased only in the experimental group throughout the intervention (+19.4% [7.0%], P = .024). The associations for the pooled changes in half-squat performance and 4 mmol·L−1 of blood lactate were statistically significant (r = .560, P = .024). Conclusions: The findings do not support the superior effects of DLST periodization in adolescent swimmers. However, the association between improvements in lower-body strength and swimming performance still indicates the importance of muscle strength in this age group.

Strength and skeletal muscle adaptations in heavy-resistance-trained women after detraining and retraining

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 631-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Staron ◽  
M. J. Leonardi ◽  
D. L. Karapondo ◽  
E. S. Malicky ◽  
J. E. Falkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Dynamic Strength ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Training Study ◽  
Muscle Adaptations ◽  
Fast Fiber ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Adaptations ◽  
Maximal Dynamic Strength

Six women who had participated in a previous 20-wk strength training study for the lower limb detrained for 30-32 wk and subsequently retrained for 6 wk. Seven untrained women also participated in the 6-wk "retraining" phase. In addition, four women from each group volunteered to continue training an additional 7 wk. The initial 20-wk training program caused an increase in maximal dynamic strength, hypertrophy of all three major fiber types, and a decrease in the percentage of type IIb fibers. Detraining had relatively little effect on fiber cross-sectional area but resulted in an increased percentage of type IIb fibers with a concomitant decrease in IIa fibers. Maximal dynamic strength decreased but not to pretraining levels. Retraining for 6 wk resulted in significant increases in the cross-sectional areas of both fast fiber types (IIa and IIab + IIb) compared with detraining values and a decrease in the percentage of type IIb fibers. The 7-wk extension accentuated these trends such that cross-sectional areas continued to increase (nonsignificant) and no IIb fibers could be found. Similar results were found for the nonpreviously trained women. These data suggest that rapid muscular adaptations occur as a result of strength training in previously trained as well as non-previously trained women. Some adaptations (fiber area and maximal dynamic strength) may be retained for long periods during detraining and may contribute to a rapid return to "competitive" form.

Dry-Land Strength Training vs. Electrical Stimulation in Sprint Swimming Performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 497-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Girold ◽  
Chadi Jalab ◽  
Olivier Bernard ◽  
Pierre Carette ◽  
Gilles Kemoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Sprint Swimming

scholarly journals Effects of dry-land strength training on swimming performance: a brief review

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 553-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro G. Morouço ◽  
Daniel Almeida Marinho ◽  
Nuno Miguel Amaro ◽  
José Antonio Pérez-Turpin ◽  
Mário Cardoso Marques
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Dry Land

scholarly journals Swimming Performance to 25 Meters Backstroke Depends on Selected Factors of Explosive Strength of Lower Limbs

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-213
Author(s):  
Natália Kováčová ◽  
Jaroslav Broďáni
Keyword(s):  
Average Velocity ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Arm Swing ◽  
Explosive Strength ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Velocity Average

Summary The aim of our work was to analyze the partial shares of selected factors of explosive strength of lower limbs on the overall explanation of swimming performance to the 25 meters backstroke. 29 students of Physical Education took part in our research and completed 6 tests. These tests were realized on a dry-land and in the water and they consisted of swimming performance to 25 meters backstroke, swimming start speed to 4 meters, vertical jump with and without arm-swing, maximum and average velocity of take-off performance on dry land under the backstroke start conditions. The obtained data are described by descriptive statistics and all parameters were entered to the correlation analysis for their dependence evaluation. By the analysis, we found that all tests significantly correlated with each other (p < 0.01; p < 0.05) except for the start to 4 meters test and Tendo velocity average test. For the evaluation of factors that determine the swimming performance to 25 meters backstroke, we use the regression analysis of parameters where the regression model was reflected as statistically significant (R2 = 0.479 %; SEE = 3.396 %). Partial shares of individual tests, except for tests of maximal and average velocity on a dryland, showed up as statistically significant (p < 0.05; p < 0.01), with the highest share of swimming start to 4 meters performance (p < 0.01; r = 0.686). We used the regression step analysis in which we decrease the indicators to the three main factors of the strength of lower limbs model, which influence the swimming performance to the 25 meters backstroke significantly with large effect (R2 = 0.4787 %; f2 = 0.9183; F = 7.652; p < 0.01). Again, the highest and statistically significant (p < 0.01) share on the explanation of swimming performance had the start to 4 meters with 43.33 % percentage share. Besides the swimming start, the Countermovement Jump test was statistically significant too (p < 0.05) and statistically insignificant was test of maximum velocity on a dry-land. By this study we can evaluate how individual factors of strength of lower limbs influence the swimming performance and for the future it is necessary to complete them with the other factors for the better creation of the appropriate swimming training program.

scholarly journals Effects of Resistance Training Program on Muscle Mass and Muscle Strength and the Relationship with Cognition in Older Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7687
Author(s):  
Edgardo Molina-Sotomayor ◽  
Alexis Espinoza-Salinas ◽  
Giovanny Arenas-Sánchez ◽  
Francisco Pradas de la Fuente ◽  
Juan Antonio Leon-Prados ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Dynamic Strength ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Muscle Morphology ◽  
Maximal Dynamic Strength

The aim of this study was to study the effects of a resistance training programme on Maximal Dynamic Strength (MDS) and muscle morphology of the upper limbs (UL) and lower limbs (LL), as well as to analyse their association with cognition, in a population of older women. The study had a duration of 24 months and a total of 93 Chilean older women participated. The participants were divided into two groups: the Physical Activity Group (PAG, n = 45, age (X ± SD) 77.93 ± 3.54 years), and the Sedentary Group (SG, n = 48, age (X ± SD) 77.71 ± 3.41 years). The PAG carried out a muscle strength training routine twice per week. The following variables were evaluated: muscle function through maximal dynamic strength (1RM), muscle morphology through arm and calf circumference (AC and CC, respectively), and cognition (Mini Mental State Examination: MMSE). The results show that the SG recorded significant decreases (percent changes; p < 0.05) in the analysed variables: MMSE (−3.5%), MDS in UL (−3.3%), MDS in LL (−4.1%), AC (−4.5%), CC (−4.1%), and BMI (−3.1%). However, the PAG improved significantly in all the analysed variables except in BMI: MMSE (3.9%), MDS in UL (3.6%), MDS in LL (3.5%), AC (1.8%), and CC (2.5%). Moreover, there was a significant association (p < 0.05) between the changes in the muscle strength variables and the changes in cognition level. Therefore, it can be concluded that a two-year muscle strength training programme (load intensity between 30–55% 1RM) in older women improves Maximal Dynamic Strength in UL and LL, as well as muscle mass in arms and calves. Furthermore, it can be asserted that the changes in muscle strength levels could predict the changes in the levels of cognition in older women.

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