scholarly journals Links Between Musicality and Vocal Emotion Perception

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-224
Author(s):  
Christine Nussbaum ◽  
Stefan R. Schweinberger
Keyword(s):  
Musical Training ◽  
Emotion Perception ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Musical Interests ◽  
Vocal Emotion ◽  
Review Current

Links between musicality and vocal emotion perception skills have only recently emerged as a focus of study. Here we review current evidence for or against such links. Based on a systematic literature search, we identified 33 studies that addressed either (a) vocal emotion perception in musicians and nonmusicians, (b) vocal emotion perception in individuals with congenital amusia, (c) the role of individual differences (e.g., musical interests, psychoacoustic abilities), or (d) effects of musical training interventions on both the normal hearing population and cochlear implant users. Overall, the evidence supports a link between musicality and vocal emotion perception abilities. We discuss potential factors moderating the link between emotions and music, and possible directions for future research.

scholarly journals Links between Musicality and Vocal Emotion Perception

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Nussbaum ◽  
Stefan R. Schweinberger
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Emotion Perception ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Training Intervention ◽  
Nature And Nurture ◽  
Musical Interests ◽  
Vocal Emotion ◽  
Review Current

Links between musicality and vocal emotion perception skills have only recently emerged as a focus of study. Here we review current evidence for or against such links. Based on a systematic literature search, we identified 33 studies that addressed either (1) vocal emotion perception in musicians and non-musicians, (2) effects of musical training intervention on vocal emotion perception, (3) potentials of musical training for cochlear implant users, (4) vocal emotion perception in individuals with congenital amusia, or (5) the role of individual differences (e.g., musical interests, psychoacoustic abilities). Overall, the evidence supports a link between musicality and vocal emotionperception abilities. We discuss potential underlying factors, including origins of musicality in nature and nurture.

The application of virtual reality in health professions� digital education: a narrative review (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine Tudor Car ◽  
Bhone Myint Kyaw ◽  
Josip Car
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Health Professions ◽  
Health Professions Education ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Educational Content ◽  
Potential Applications

BACKGROUND Digital technology called Virtual Reality (VR) is increasingly employed in health professions’ education. Yet, based on the current evidence, its use is narrowed around a few most applications and disciplines. There is a lack of an overview that would capture the diversity of different VR applications in health professions’ education and inform its use and research. OBJECTIVE This narrative review aims to explore different potential applications of VR in health professions’ education. METHODS The narrative synthesis approach to literature review was used to analyse the existing evidence. RESULTS We outline the role of VR features such as immersion, interactivity and feedback and explain the role of VR devices. Based on the type and scope of educational content VR can represent space, individuals, objects, structures or their combination. Application of VR in medical education encompasses environmental, organ and micro level. Environmental VR focuses on training in relation to health professionals’ environment and human interactions. Organ VR educational content targets primarily human body anatomy; and micro VR microscopic structures at the level of cells, molecules and atoms. We examine how different VR features and health professional education areas match these three VR types. CONCLUSIONS We conclude by highlighting the gaps in the literature and providing suggestions for future research.

Institutions and the Embedded Entrepreneur

2019 ◽  
pp. 115-134
Author(s):  
Maryann Feldman ◽  
Paige Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Institutional Logic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Regional Resources

This chapter examines the relationship between entrepreneurs and the communities in which they are embedded. It argues that the actions of entrepreneurs and their firms are contextually situated in specific geographies that make their actions endogenous in the development of place and define a place-specific institutional logic. This argument is at odds with the view that industry clustering is due to the role of incumbent firms. This chapter reconciles these views by adopting a temporal view, allowing both incumbents and geography to co-occur and influence clustering. It then considers the current evidence of entrepreneurs’ effects on regional resources and capacity, and concludes with suggestions for future research.

scholarly journals HYPOXIA AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH: The presence and role of hypoxia in the endometrium

Reproduction ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. F1-F17
Author(s):  
Rocío Martínez-Aguilar ◽  
Lucy E Kershaw ◽  
Jane J Reavey ◽  
Hilary O D Critchley ◽  
Jacqueline A Maybin
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hypoxic Episode ◽  
Optimal Function ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Review Current

The endometrium is a multicellular tissue that is exquisitely responsive to the ovarian hormones. The local mechanisms of endometrial regulation to ensure optimal function are less well characterised. Transient physiological hypoxia has been proposed as a critical regulator of endometrial function. Herein, we review the literature on hypoxia in the non-pregnant endometrium. We discuss the pros and cons of animal models, human laboratory studies and novel in vivo imaging for the study of endometrial hypoxia. These research tools provide mounting evidence of a transient hypoxic episode in the menstrual endometrium and suggest that endometrial hypoxia may be present at the time of implantation. This local hypoxia may modify the inflammatory environment, influence vascular remodelling and modulate endometrial proliferation to optimise endometrial function. Finally, we review current knowledge of the impact of this hypoxia on endometrial pathologies, with a focus on abnormal uterine bleeding. Throughout the manuscript areas for future research are highlighted with the aim of concentrating research efforts to maximise future benefits for women and society.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome and Its Interaction with Immune System in Spondyloarthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1727
Author(s):  
Jacqueline So ◽  
Lai-Shan Tam
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hla B27 ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Gut Inflammation ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Gut Microorganisms

Emerging evidence suggests there is a gut-joint axis in spondyloarthritis (SpA). In a study, subclinical gut inflammation occurred in nearly 50% of SpA. Chronic gut inflammation also correlated with disease activity in SpA. Trillions of microorganisms reside in the human gut and interact with the human immune system. Dysbiosis affects gut immune homeostasis and triggers different autoimmune diseases including SpA. The absence of arthritis in HLA-B27 germ-free mice and the development of arthritis after the introduction of commensal bacteria to HLA-B27 germ-free mice proved to be the important role of gut bacteria in shaping SpA, other than the genetic factor. The recent advance in gene sequencing technology promotes the identification of microorganisms. In this review, we highlighted current evidence supporting the link between gut and axial SpA (axSpA). We also summarized available findings of gut microbiota and its interaction with the immune system in axSpA. Future research may explore the way to modulate gut microorganisms in axSpA and bring gut microbiome discoveries towards application.

scholarly journals A roadmap to target interleukin-6 in osteoarthritis

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 2681-2694
Author(s):  
Renske Wiegertjes ◽  
Fons A J van de Loo ◽  
Esmeralda N Blaney Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Joint Pathology ◽  
Matrix Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Review Current

Abstract Joint inflammation is present in the majority of OA patients and pro-inflammatory mediators, such as IL-6, are actively involved in disease progression. Increased levels of IL-6 in serum or synovial fluid from OA patients correlate with disease incidence and severity, with IL-6 playing a pivotal role in the development of cartilage pathology, e.g. via induction of matrix-degrading enzymes. However, IL-6 also increases expression of anti-catabolic factors, suggesting a protective role. Until now, this dual role of IL-6 is incompletely understood and may be caused by differential effects of IL-6 classic vs trans-signalling. Here, we review current evidence regarding the role of IL-6 classic- and trans-signalling in local joint pathology of cartilage, synovium and bone. Furthermore, we discuss targeting of IL-6 in experimental OA models and provide future perspective for OA treatment by evaluating currently available IL-6 targeting strategies.

scholarly journals The Oral Microbiota: A Literature Review for Updating Professionals in Dentistry. Part I

2019 ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Cristina Barboza-Solís DDS, MSc, PhD ◽  
Luis Alberto Acuña-Amador PhD
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Conceptual Background ◽  
Keyword Searches

In recent decades, a body of literature examining the relationships between oral health and general health has rapidly developed. However, the biological mechanisms involved in explaining such relationships have not been fully described. Recent evidence has suggested that these relationships could be partially explained by the composition and interaction of the microbiome/microbiota between local and systemic body sites. For instance, it has been suggested that intestinal microbiota could have effects on non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes or cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study is to explore current evidence of the link between oral and systemic diseases, to discuss whether oral microbiome/microbiota could represent an unexplored biological pathway partially explaining those relationships. A non-systematic review of the literature was carried out using keyword searches in Pubmed from February to May 2019. The ultimate goal was to present recent scientific evidence to update the general knowledge on this topic to professionals in dentistry. This review is divided in two parts for journal publication; however, it is intended to be used as one piece. In this first part, we will summarize the conceptual background of oral microbiome/microbiota, we will describe the main methods used in microbiology to characterize oral organisms, and will present the main composition of bacteria in oral microbiome/microbiota. The second part highlights the main evidence regarding the biological plausibility that links oral microbiome and systemic diseases and we will conclude with some future research recommendations. Taking into account the role of oral microbiota in the development of systemic diseases could change the main paradigm of how oral health is currently conceptualized by dental professionals.

scholarly journals Understanding Healthcare Students’ Experiences of Racial Bias: A Narrative Review of the Role of Implicit Bias and Potential Interventions in Educational Settings

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12771
Author(s):  
Olivia Rochelle Joseph ◽  
Stuart W. Flint ◽  
Rianna Raymond-Williams ◽  
Rossby Awadzi ◽  
Judith Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Racial Bias ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Healthcare Education ◽  
Attrition Rates ◽  
Implicit Racial Bias ◽  
Healthcare Students ◽  
Healthcare Settings

Implicit racial bias is a persistent and pervasive challenge within healthcare education and training settings. A recent systematic review reported that 84% of included studies (31 out of 37) showed evidence of slight to strong pro-white or light skin tone bias amongst healthcare students and professionals. However, there remains a need to improve understanding about its impact on healthcare students and how they can be better supported. This narrative review provides an overview of current evidence regarding the role of implicit racial bias within healthcare education, considering trends, factors that contribute to bias, and possible interventions. Current evidence suggests that biases held by students remain consistent and may increase during healthcare education. Sources that contribute to the formation and maintenance of implicit racial bias include peers, educators, the curriculum, and placements within healthcare settings. Experiences of implicit racial bias can lead to psychosomatic symptoms, high attrition rates, and reduced diversity within the healthcare workforce. Interventions to address implicit racial bias include an organizational commitment to reducing bias in hiring, retention, and promotion processes, and by addressing misrepresentation of race in the curriculum. We conclude that future research should identify, discuss, and critically reflect on how implicit racial biases are enacted and sustained through the hidden curriculum and can have detrimental consequences for racial and ethnic minority healthcare students.

scholarly journals Lung Microbiome in Asthma: Current Perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Loverdos ◽  
Georgios Bellos ◽  
Louiza Kokolatou ◽  
Ioannis Vasileiadis ◽  
Evangelos Giamarellos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Lung Microbiome ◽  
Modes Of Interaction ◽  
Review Current

A growing body of evidence implicates the human microbiome as a potentially influential player actively engaged in shaping the pathogenetic processes underlying the endotypes and phenotypes of chronic respiratory diseases, particularly of the airways. In this article, we specifically review current evidence on the characteristics of lung microbiome, and specifically the bacteriome, the modes of interaction between lung microbiota and host immune system, the role of the “lung–gut axis”, and the functional effects thereof on asthma pathogenesis. We also attempt to explore the possibilities of therapeutic manipulation of the microbiome, aiming at the establishment of asthma prevention strategies and the optimization of asthma treatment.

Childhood adversity and psychosis: a systematic review of bio-psycho-social mediators and moderators

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1761-1782
Author(s):  
Lucia Sideli ◽  
Robin M. Murray ◽  
Adriano Schimmenti ◽  
Mariangela Corso ◽  
Daniele La Barbera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Lack Of Control ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Robust Evidence

AbstractThe association between childhood adversity (CA) and psychosis has been extensively investigated in recent years. An increasing body of research has also focused on the mediating or moderating role of biological and psychological mechanisms, as well as other risk factors that might account for the link between CA and psychosis. We conducted a systematic search of the PsychINFO, Embase, Ovid, and Web of Science databases for original articles investigating the role of genetic vulnerabilities, environmental factors, psychological and psychopathological mechanisms in the association between CA and psychosis up to August 2019. We included studies with individuals at different stages of the psychosis continuum, from subclinical psychotic experiences to diagnosed disorders. From the 28 944 records identified, a total of 121 studies were included in this review. Only 26% of the studies identified met the criteria for methodological robustness. Overall, the current evidence suggests that CA may be associated with psychosis largely independently of genetic vulnerabilities. More consistent and robust evidence supports interaction between early and recent adversities, as well as the mediating role of attachment and mood symptoms, which is suggestive of an affective pathway between CA and psychosis across the continuum from subclinical experiences to diagnosable disorder. This review highlighted numerous methodological issues with the existing literature, including selection bias, heterogeneity of measurement instruments utilised, and lack of control for potential confounders. Future research should address these limitations to more accurately estimate mediation and moderation effects on the CA-psychosis association to inform the development of preventive interventions.

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