Orbital cellulitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 175573802098787
Author(s):  
Rohael Iftakhar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Early Treatment ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Orbital Cellulitis ◽  
Superficial Infection ◽  
Loss Of Vision ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

Orbital cellulitis is a significant infection that affects the ocular adnexal and associated orbital tissues. It is often a clinical diagnosis and can present as an ophthalmological emergency. The soft tissues posterior to the orbital septum are involved. Thus, the infection is deep and requires aggressive intervention compared with the more superficial infection of pre-septal cellulitis. Failure of prompt diagnosis and early treatment can lead to loss of vision and can be potentially life-threatening. The article discusses the clinical features, risk factors and management of orbital cellulitis. It provides an overview of the important differentials to consider and resultant complications that can occur.

scholarly journals Orbital cellulitis: early intervention saves vision

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
N. Rajeshwari ◽  
A. Savitha
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Orbital Cellulitis ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Endoscopic Drainage ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Subperiosteal Abscess ◽  
Preseptal Cellulitis ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Life Threatening

Orbital cellulitis describes an infection involving the soft tissues posterior to the orbital septum including the fat and muscle within the bony orbit. This condition is associated with severe sight and life-threatening complications. Distinguishing it from preseptal cellulitis is difficult, but important. Acute sinusitis is the commonest predisposing factor. Clinical findings alone are not specific enough to distinguish between preseptal and post septal orbital cellulitis. Early diagnosis using CT orbit is important to rule out complications such as orbital cellulitis, subperiosteal abscess. The most common location of subperiosteal abscess is the medial wall of the orbit. Transnasal endoscopic drainage of the abscess is a functional and minimally invasive technique and is the treatment of choice at present. Early diagnosis and intervention are mandatory to prevent the visual loss and life-threatening complication.Here, the authors describe a 2 months old infant with orbital cellulitis and medial subperiosteal abscess and treated with transnasal endoscopic drainage of the subperiosteal abscess.

Acute supraglottitis in adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 337-340
Author(s):  
Joshua D Whittaker ◽  
Karan Jolly
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Changing Demographics ◽  
Paediatric Disease

Supraglottitis is a rare life-threatening paediatric disease whose occurrence has declined with the rise of immunization; however, it remains an important clinical diagnosis in the adult population. It is vital to consider in patients presenting with an acute sore throat. Misdiagnosis can lead to serious morbidity. This article will review the pathophysiology of supraglottitis, explain the changing demographics of the disease, important clinical features and management particularly where relevant to presentation in general practice.

Embolic disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 521-534
Author(s):  
Abrie Theron
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Air Embolism ◽  
Pulmonary Angiography ◽  
Pulmonary Embolectomy ◽  
Anticoagulation Treatment ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Essential Knowledge ◽  
Supportive Management

Venous thromboembolism is the leading direct cause of maternal death. Therefore an understanding of the risk factors, clinical presentation, appropriate investigations (i.e. echocardiogram, V/Q Scan, or CT pulmonary angiography) and the treatment options available for managing patients with suspected and confirmed pulmonary embolism (PE) are essential knowledge on an obstetric unit. The chapter includes information on anticoagulation treatment options and the management of life-threatening PE, when thrombolysis or pulmonary embolectomy may be indicated. Amniotic fluid embolism is discussed, reviewing aetiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and supportive management. Finally air embolism is discussed, also looking at aetiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and management, emphasizing, however, that prevention is key.

scholarly journals Clinical study of ectopic pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
sreelatha B ◽  
satyaprabha siripurapu ◽  
prasanna B
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Dilatation And Curettage ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Fertility Sparing ◽  
Incidence Risk ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Uncommon Condition ◽  
Tubal Surgery

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is not an uncommon condition and is potentially a life- threatening emergency. There is a rising trend in incidence which necessitates the gynecologists to have comprehensive knowledge about the disease. Aim of the study: To determine the incidence, risk factors, clinical features and management. Materials and method: This study is conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of PIMS, Karimnagar. It is a retrospective descriptive study on patients who presented to our department with clinical features of ectopic pregnancy and later confirmed with intraoperative findings or ultrasound, in the 3-year period from January 2017 to January 2020. Result: A Total of 34 patients were diagnosed to have ectopic pregnancy with an incidence of 1in 114 deliveries. The cause of ectopic pregnancy was dilatation and curettage in 11.8% and PID, infertility, prior tubal surgery, previous abortions and OCP usage each contributes by 5.9%. Surgical treatment with salpingectomy was done in majority of the cases and medical management in 3 patients. Blood transfusions were given in 38.2% of cases. Postoperative period is uneventful in all the cases. Conclusion: Gynecologists should have comprehensive knowledge about the clinical presentation and risk factors of EP. If suspected clinically, encouraging women to undergo early ultrasonography allows early detection of EP and can be managed medically or fertility sparing surgical procedures

scholarly journals Non Clostridial Gas Gangrene Leading to Stroke in Postoperative Period- A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukhvir Singh ◽  
Gazala Shabeen
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Intensive Therapy ◽  
Gas Gangrene ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Systemic Manifestations ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis ◽  
Very High

Gas gangrene is a life threatening infection of muscles and soft tissues which is associated with very high mortality rate. Non clostridial gas gangrene is a rare phenomenon that mostly occurs in diabetic patients. Gas gangrene leads to various systemic manifestations. A 66-year-old female patient, diabetic with chronic kidney disease, on haemodialysis was presented as a rare case of non clostridial right great toe gas gangrene, which progressed to systemic toxicity and stroke within a period of 72 hours in postoperative period. The source of infection in this case may have been Acinetobacter which is a gram-negative bacterium. Despite prompt diagnosis and intensive therapy, the patient died 15 days after the operation. After going through literature, no case was found to be reported of stroke in postoperative period due to non clostridial gas gangrene thus making it a unique case to report. Also, only few cases of life threatening non clostridial gas gangrene are reported in literature.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) submandibular abscess in a neonate

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e242258
Author(s):  
Natalia Glibbery ◽  
Theodore Gouliouris ◽  
Jessica Bewick
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Complex Case ◽  
Airway Compromise ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
Male Neonate ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

Neonatal suppurative submandibular sialadenitis and abscess formation is an exceedingly rare entity. This report describes a complex case of a male neonate with a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) submandibular abscess, requiring emergency intubation due to acute airway compromise. The patient was admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit, received appropriate antibiotic treatment and underwent urgent surgical drainage of the abscess. He made a full recovery and remains well 18 months later. No comorbidities or common risk factors for the disease were identified. Although extremely uncommon, neonatal submandibular abscesses can lead to significant morbidity. Neonates tend to present insidiously, and sudden clinical deterioration with airway compromise is possible. MRSA has been increasingly implicated in these infections, even in the absence of relevant risk factors. As such, continued clinical vigilance is essential for prompt diagnosis and prevention of life-threatening complications. Multidisciplinary input is paramount for appropriate management of these complex infections.

scholarly journals Pathophysiology and Imaging Diagnosis of Acute Mesenteric Ischemia

2018 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 195-209
Author(s):  
Claire Sandstrom
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Mesenteric Ischemia ◽  
Acute Mesenteric Ischemia ◽  
Imaging Diagnosis ◽  
Imaging Evaluation ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis ◽  
Delay In Treatment

AbstractAcute mesenteric ischemia is a potentially life-threatening condition associated with high mortality, particularly with any delay in treatment. Prompt diagnosis with imaging is crucial to achieve a favorable outcome. Both arterial and venous etiologies can result in ischemia, and the radiologist plays a central role in the initial evaluation of a patient with suspected acute mesenteric ischemia to guide management decisions. This article will review the appropriate imaging evaluation of a patient with suspected acute mesenteric ischemia. The overlapping and the distinguishing findings on imaging, as well as the relevant clinical features, will be discussed for the spectrum of both common and uncommon etiologies of mesenteric ischemia.

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