scholarly journals Exceptional response to nivolumab of a heavily pre-treated patient with metastatic renal-cell cancer: from a case report to molecular investigation and future perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 175883592094615
Author(s):  
Foteinos-Ioannis D. Dimitrakopoulos ◽  
Eleni Kourea ◽  
George Nasioulas ◽  
Eirini Papadopoulou ◽  
Achilles Nikolakopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treated Patient ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cells ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
Foxp3 Expression ◽  
Metastatic Tumors ◽  
Tumor Mutational Burden ◽  
Clinical Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antigen Presenting

Immunotherapy may result in long-lasting exceptional clinical responses, the molecular background of which is inadequately understood. Here, we present the case of a 63-year-old patient with a past medical history of renal cancer who relapsed many years later. Several treatment lines were administered prior to immunotherapy, which was administered in the ninth line, achieving complete remission which had lasted for more than 3 years. Genomic alterations, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability as well as PD-L1, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, CD3, CD8, CD20, CD138, CD1a, and FoxP3 expression were assessed in primary and metastatic tumors. Primary and metastatic tumors were microsatellite stable with high TMB, while somatic mutations in MLH1 and TP53 genes were detected, respectively. Although the primary tumor was negative for PD-L1 expression, the lung metastasis was positive. Interestingly, metastasis displayed a dramatically increased infiltration by CD1a-positive dendritic cells in addition to increased CD3+ and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. Increased infiltration of the metastatic tumor by CD1a+ antigen presenting cells warrants further investigation to assess its potential predictive value.

scholarly journals Metastatic Tumors of the Oral Cavity

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
DS Sanketh ◽  
N Amrutha ◽  
Shankargouda Patil
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
Metastatic Tumors ◽  
Jaw Bones ◽  
History Of ◽  
Metastatic Process ◽  
Conducive Environment ◽  
Oral Metastasis

ABSTRACT The pivotal reason for morbidity and mortality of any type of cancer is due to metastasis that occurs as a result of adaptation of genetically unstable cancer cells, in an ectopic conducive environment. Oral metastasis in spite of being unusual or rare represents around 25% of the first signs of metastatic spread. Literature says there are more number of cases of jaw bone metastasis reported than in the oral soft tissues. The most common primary organs metastasizing to the jaw bones and the oral soft tissues are the breast and the lungs respectively. The issue in diagnosing a metastatic tumor arises either when the patient does not reveal the history of the primary illness he or she may be suffering from or when he or she is unaware of it. Diagnosis in such situations is a challenge to the clinician or pathologist. Diagnosing any lymph node or distant metastasis from oral cancer is very important for the prognosis of the patient. In this review we have made an attempt, to explain some recent concepts of pathophysiology of the metastatic process, the clinical manifestations of metastatic tumors to the oral region and to discuss their diagnostic workup. How to cite this article Rao RS, Patil S, Sanketh DS, Amrutha N. Metastatic Tumors of the Oral Cavity. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(2):263-271.

scholarly journals Calreticulin—Multifunctional Chaperone in Immunogenic Cell Death: Potential Significance as a Prognostic Biomarker in Ovarian Cancer Patients

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Michal Kielbik ◽  
Izabela Szulc-Kielbik ◽  
Magdalena Klink
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Cells ◽  
Immunogenic Cell Death ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
Molecular Patterns

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a type of death, which has the hallmarks of necroptosis and apoptosis, and is best characterized in malignant diseases. Chemotherapeutics, radiotherapy and photodynamic therapy induce intracellular stress response pathways in tumor cells, leading to a secretion of various factors belonging to a family of damage-associated molecular patterns molecules, capable of inducing the adaptive immune response. One of them is calreticulin (CRT), an endoplasmic reticulum-associated chaperone. Its presence on the surface of dying tumor cells serves as an “eat me” signal for antigen presenting cells (APC). Engulfment of tumor cells by APCs results in the presentation of tumor’s antigens to cytotoxic T-cells and production of cytokines/chemokines, which activate immune cells responsible for tumor cells killing. Thus, the development of ICD and the expression of CRT can help standard therapy to eradicate tumor cells. Here, we review the physiological functions of CRT and its involvement in the ICD appearance in malignant disease. Moreover, we also focus on the ability of various anti-cancer drugs to induce expression of surface CRT on ovarian cancer cells. The second aim of this work is to discuss and summarize the prognostic/predictive value of CRT in ovarian cancer patients.

Acute exudative paraneoplastic polymorphous vitelliform maculopathy in a patient with thymoma, myasthenia gravis, and polymyositis

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212199404
Author(s):  
He Yu ◽  
Xinyu Ma ◽  
Nianting Tong ◽  
Zhanyu Zhou ◽  
Yu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Postoperative Radiotherapy ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Subretinal Fluid ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pleural Thickening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinically Significant

Importance: This is the first reported case of acute exudative paraneoplastic polymorphous vitelliform maculopathy (AEPPVM) in a patient with thymoma, accompanied by myasthenia gravis (MG) and polymyositis. Objective: To examine the pathogenesis of ocular disease in a patient with yolk-like fundus lesions and thymoma, MG, and polymyositis throughout the body based on clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and genetic testing to determine the appropriate treatment course. Design, setting, and participants: We describe a 63-year-old woman who presented to our tertiary medical center with a 3-month history of reduced visual acuity in both eyes. Concurrent fundoscopy revealed a 2.0 × 1.7-mm, unifocal, yellow, round vitelliform lesion in the macular region, surrounded by multifocal, shallow, yellow-white pockets of subretinal fluid. The patient’s medical history included thymoma with thymectomy treatment, combined with pericardiectomy and postoperative radiotherapy (20 years prior), followed by a diagnosis of MG with suspect thymic association (15 years prior). Three years prior, the patient had been diagnosed with polymyositis related to paraneoplastic syndrome; 1 year prior, she had been examined for pleural thickening due to suspected metastatic tumor. Results: On her most recent follow-up visit at 3 months after initial diagnosis, the patient was stable with no clinically significant progression in ocular or systemic conditions.

scholarly journals Thyroid Metastasis of Renal Cell Carcinoma

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bulent Citgez ◽  
Mehmet Uludag ◽  
Gurkan Yetkin ◽  
Esin Kabul Gurbulak ◽  
Banu Yılmaz Ozguven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
Thyroid Metastasis ◽  
Thyroid Mass ◽  
History Of ◽  
Recurrent Malignancy

ABSTRACT Metastases to the thyroid gland are rare. We report the case of a 50-year-old man with an isolated thyroid metastasis from renal cell carcinoma (RCC), 3 years after radical nephrectomy for the primary disease. Although uncommon, if a patient with a previous history of malignancy has a new thyroid mass, it should be considered metastatic tumor of recurrent malignancy until proved otherwise.

scholarly journals Squamous Cell Metastasis of Cancer from Cervix to Breast: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Paulina Chafla Romero ◽  
Karen Alejandra Venegas ópez ◽  
Erik Vinicio Bolaños Donoso ◽  
Lizbeth Katherine Valverde Franco ◽  
Jessica Monserrate Reinoso Mora
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Squamous Cells ◽  
Cell Metastasis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Frequent Site ◽  
Cancer Of The Cervix ◽  
Stage Ivb

Squamous cell metastasis from cervical cancer to breast is an extremely rare entity, approximately 29 cases have been documented worldwide since 1947 and it is the second documented case in Ecuador, the incidence is very low, it represents only 1,2 of all malignant neoplasms of the breast, which limits the expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of this metastasis, with the outermost quadrant of the breasts being the most frequent site of presentation. We present the clinical case of a 46-year-old married woman with a history of stage IVB squamous cell cancer of the cervix, who received chemotherapy, a Paclitaxel/Carboplatin regimen for 6 cycles. There was no good response and we had radiotherapy and brachytherapy treatment. The second line of chemotherapy with monodroga Gemcitab is proposed, the scheme is completed for 8 cycles. There is no favorable response, so a second-line chemotherapy treatment with Ifosfomide is proposed. The same metastases are present in the breast as after imaging and pathology examinations, it is concluded that the patient presents cervical Ca squamous cell metastases (cancer) from the cervix, 6 months after the diagnosis of the deceased patient. Metastasis to the breast from a neoplasm of other organs is very rare, the incidence of which is very low and the prognosis is gloomy. Keywords: metastasis, squamous cells, cancer of the cervix. RESUMEN La metástasis de células escamosas de cáncer de cérvix a mama es una entidad extremadamente rara, se ha documentado a nivel mundial aproximadamente 29 casos desde 1947 y es el segundo caso documentado en el Ecuador, la incidencia es muy baja, representa tan solo el 1,2 de todas las neoplasias malignas de la mama, lo que limita la experticia en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta metástasis, siendo el sitio más frecuente de presentación el cuadrante superior externo de las mamas. Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente de 46 años, casada, con antecedentes de cáncer de cérvix de células escamosas en estadio IVB por lo que recibió tratamiento de quimioterapia, esquema Paclitaxel/Carboplatino por 6 ciclos. No hubo buena respuesta y recibió tratamiento de radioterapia y braquiterapia. Se propone segunda línea de quimioterapia con monodroga Gemcitab, se completa el esquema por 8 ciclos. No existió respuesta favorable por lo que se propone tratamiento de segunda línea de quimioterapia con Ifosfomida. Presenta metástasis en mama la misma que posterior a exámenes de imagen y patología se concluye que la paciente presenta metástasis de células escamosas de Ca (cáncer) de Cérvix a mama, 6 meses posterior al diagnóstico la paciente fallece. La metástasis en la mama de una neoplasia de otros órganos es muy raro cuya incidencia es muy baja y de pronóstico sombrío. Palabras claves: metástasis, células escamosas, cáncer de cérvix.

scholarly journals Bilateral Renal Tumour as Indicator for Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Johannesma ◽  
R. J. A. van Moorselaar ◽  
S. Horenblas ◽  
L. E. van der Kolk ◽  
E. Thunnissen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Cancer ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Renal Tumour ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Familial History ◽  
Lung Cysts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bhd Syndrome

Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome is a cancer disorder caused by a pathogenicFLCNmutation characterized by fibrofolliculomas, lung cysts, pneumothorax, benign renal cyst, and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In this case we describe a patient with bilateral renal tumour and a positive familial history for pneumothorax and renal cancer. Based on this clinical presentation, the patient was suspected for BHD syndrome, which was confirmed after molecular testing. We discuss the importance of recognizing this autosomal dominant cancer disorder when a patient is presented at the urologist with a positive family history of chromophobe renal cell cancer or a positive familial history for renal cell cancer and pneumothorax.

Rare forms of vaginal diseases in women after panhysterectomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 150-155
Author(s):  
N.V. Zarochentseva ◽  
◽  
V.I. Krasnopolskiy ◽  
О.А. Misyukevich ◽  
I.V. Barinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Vaginal Wall ◽  
Cytological Examination ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
History Of

The article presents clinical observations of the development of precancerous conditions of the vaginal vault, and also squamous cell cancer in women after panhysterectomy. The examination included: comprehensive vaginoscopy, cytological examination of vaginal wall smears, human papillomavirus test, histological examination of bioplates. Conclusion. Panhysterectomy does not guarantee the absence of precancerous lesions of the vagina or vaginal cancer. Therefore, routine screening (cytology, testing for high-risk human papillomavirus, vaginoscopy) should be continued in women after panhysterectomy with a history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasias for at least 20 years, even in women older than 65 years. Key words: vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia, human papillomavirus, panhysterectomy, papillomavirus infection, cervical cancer, photodynamic therapy

scholarly journals Absence of mucosal-associated invariant T cells in a person with a homozygous point mutation in MR1

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (49) ◽  
pp. eabc9492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren J. Howson ◽  
Wael Awad ◽  
Anouk von Borstel ◽  
Hui Jing Lim ◽  
Hamish E. G. McWilliam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Cell Subset ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Mait Cells ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
Mait Cell

The role unconventional T cells play in protective immunity in humans is unclear. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an unconventional T cell subset restricted to the antigen-presenting molecule MR1. Here, we report the discovery of a patient homozygous for a rare Arg31His (R9H in the mature protein) mutation in MR1 who has a history of difficult-to-treat viral and bacterial infections. MR1R9H was unable to present the potent microbially derived MAIT cell stimulatory ligand. The MR1R9H crystal structure revealed that the stimulatory ligand cannot bind due to the mutation lying within, and causing structural perturbation to, the ligand-binding domain of MR1. While MR1R9H could bind and be up-regulated by a MAIT cell inhibitory ligand, the patient lacked circulating MAIT cells. This shows the importance of the stimulatory ligand for MAIT cell selection in humans. The patient had an expanded γδ T cell population, indicating a compensatory interplay between these unconventional T cell subsets.

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