Fragmentation, Centralisation and Policy Learning: An Example from                     China's Wind Industry

This paper seeks to understand what government mechanisms have allowed China's wind industry to grow as fast as it has over the past ten years. Instead of formal rules and regulations, this paper focuses on specific sets of institutional conditions that have been crucial in the process of high-speed implementation of wind energy in China. Specifically, fragmentation and centralisation, together with policy experimentation and policy learning, have been fundamental for policy flexibility and institutional adaptability. The paper illustrates that there are benefits and disadvantages to these characteristics, and that inherent qualities of China's governing system that lead to rapid growth overlap with those that lead to challenges in terms of quality and long-term performance.

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Thermodynamic Modeling of Cement/Groundwater Interaction as a Tool For Long-Tern Performance Assessment

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-176-81 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 176 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Louise J. Criscenti ◽

R. Jeff Serne

Keyword(s):

Radioactive Waste ◽

Performance Assessment ◽

Natural Environment ◽

Chemical Behavior ◽

Geochemical Model ◽

The Past ◽

Long Term Performance ◽

Term Performance ◽

Low Level Radioactive Waste

ABSTRACTThe chemical behavior of cement in the natural environment is of interest because cement has been suggested as a means of containing low-level radioactive waste and as a barrier between radioactive-waste containers and the surrounding soil or rock. In the past, either experiments or computer modeling have been used independently to predict how cement will leach in the natural environment. In this study, a geochemical model for cement leaching was developed, and predictions by the model were compared to results from a static leach test. Calcium concentrations and pH were adequately predicted by the model; however, other major leachate constituents, such as Al, Si, and S04, were poorly predicted. Additional experimental data and refinement of the model are both required to better predict the observed leachate concentrations. Accurate prediction of experimental results by a geochemical model would increase confidence in the model for use in long-term performance assessment.

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Vibration and Long-Term Performance Analysis of Pile-Plank-Supported Low Subgrade of Ballastless Track under Excitation Loads

Shock and Vibration ◽

10.1155/2015/404627 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Junjie Huang ◽

Qian Su ◽

Ting Liu ◽

Xun Wang

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Soft Ground ◽

Board Structure ◽

High Speed Railway ◽

Ballastless Track ◽

Long Term Performance ◽

Term Performance ◽

Frequency Sweeping

Pile-plank structures are widely applied for high-speed railway built in soft ground in China. It can be used as a reinforcement to improve the behavior of subgrade by providing vertical confinement to increase their stiffness and strength and reduce the subgrade settlement of ballastless track. However, the use of pile-board structure for soft ground reinforcement of high-speed railway is hindered by the existing gap between applications and theories. To verify vibration characteristics and long-term performance of pile-plank-supported low subgrade of ballastless track and the benefit of pile-board structure, an experimental study was conducted on low subgrade of pile-board under excitation loads using both in situ frequency sweeping and cyclic loading experiments. The frequency sweeping experimental results show that the pile-plank-supported low subgrade has smooth stiffness along the longitudinal subgrade and can effectively control the progressive effects of train speed on dynamic stiffness of the subgrade, which ensures driving safety and comfort. The cycle loading experimental results show that the pile-plank-supported low subgrade has favorable long-term dynamic stability, and its dynamic response is uniform along the longitudinal subgrade.

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Development of mRNA Vaccines: Scientific and Regulatory Issues

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9020081 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 81

Author(s):

Ivana Knezevic ◽

Margaret A. Liu ◽

Keith Peden ◽

Tiequn Zhou ◽

Hye-Na Kang

Keyword(s):

Vaccine Development ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Current Status ◽

Safety And Efficacy ◽

The Past ◽

Core Function ◽

International Convergence ◽

Long Term Performance ◽

Term Performance

The global research and development of mRNA vaccines have been prodigious over the past decade, and the work in this field has been stimulated by the urgent need for rapid development of vaccines in response to an emergent disease such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, there remain gaps in our understanding of the mechanism of action of mRNA vaccines, as well as their long-term performance in areas such as safety and efficacy. This paper reviews the technologies and processes used for developing mRNA prophylactic vaccines, the current status of vaccine development, and discusses the immune responses induced by mRNA vaccines. It also discusses important issues with regard to the evaluation of mRNA vaccines from regulatory perspectives. Setting global norms and standards for biologicals including vaccines to assure their quality, safety and efficacy has been a WHO mandate and a core function for more than 70 years. New initiatives are ongoing at WHO to arrive at a broad consensus to formulate international guidance on the manufacture and quality control, as well as nonclinical and clinical evaluation of mRNA vaccines, which is deemed necessary to facilitate international convergence of manufacturing and regulatory practices and provide support to National Regulatory Authorities in WHO member states.

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Materials Research in Nuclear Waste Management: Reflections on Twenty-Five MRS Symposia

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-713-jj1.1 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 713 ◽

Author(s):

Rodney C. Ewing

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Nuclear Waste ◽

Scientific Basis ◽

Nuclear Waste Management ◽

The Past ◽

Materials Research ◽

Long Term Performance ◽

Term Performance ◽

Selection Of

ABSTRACTThe MRS symposium, “Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management” was first held in Boston, November 28th to December 1st, 1978. This symposium marks the twenty-fifth in a series that now rotate to meeting sites around the world. During the past 24 years, there has been considerable progress in the development and understanding of the behavior of materials that are used in the processing, transport, containment and disposal of radioactive waste. The design and selection of materials for long-term performance has required a uniquely interdisciplinary effort. Over the same period, there have been important developments in the regulatory framework that guides the scientific and engineering needs of nuclear waste management. This paper provides a subjective commentary on the major developments and innovations during the past 25 symposia. The future challenge will be the proper and constructive integration of the science into the development of nuclear waste disposal strategies.

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Syntactic Foam Thermal Insulation for Ultradeep High Temperature Applications

21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Volume 3 ◽

10.1115/omae2002-28192 ◽

2002 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wen-Tsuen Wang ◽

Lou Watkins

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Laboratory Test ◽

Continuous Flow ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Syntactic Foam ◽

New Materials ◽

The Past ◽

Long Term Performance ◽

Term Performance

This paper addresses a major challenge facing deepwater production of oil and gas: how to assure continuous flow of product under the pressures and temperatures found on the ocean floor. Syntactic foam promises to overcome the limitations exhibited by conventional insulation materials in the past. New hybrid glass and polymer chemistries with improved “hot, wet” performance survive in conditions that were formerly thought impossible. This paper presents the latest laboratory test data on these new materials, and proposes models for predicting long-term performance.

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Using AI to Improve Corporate Governance

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202124503063 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 245 ◽

pp. 03063

Author(s):

Chien-Cheng Lin ◽

Shih-Feng Chang

Keyword(s):

Corporate Governance ◽

Business Performance ◽

Semiconductor Industry ◽

Rigid System ◽

Existing Problems ◽

The Past ◽

Long Term Performance ◽

Term Performance ◽

The Relationship

This paper mainly discusses the relationship between corporate governance and dynamic business performance in semiconductor industry. Although there have been many discussions on the relationship between corporate governance and corporate performance in the past, there is no consistent conclusion. We intend to analyze and compare the corporate governance variables group, the expression of long-term performance and the differences between upstream, midstream and downstream of semiconductor industry. In addition, because the existing problems of corporate governance can not be solved by the current rigid system, we attempt to cut in from the perspective of AI and propose the effect of automatic warning.

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