Nationalism and Siberian Archeology of the 19th Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 187936652110663
Author(s):  
Dmitry Mikhailov ◽  
Nikolay Ternov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Capital ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
National Movement ◽  
The World ◽  
National Environment ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article provides a comparative characteristic of the nationally motivated ethnocultural concepts of the 19th century, based on the interpretation of Siberian peoples` history. Finnish nationalism was looking for the ancestral home of the Finns in Altai and tried to connect them with the Turkic-Mongol states of antiquity and the Middle Ages. Under the influence of the cultural and historical theories of regional experts, the Siberian national discourse itself began to form, which was especially clearly manifested in the example of the genesis of Altai nationalism. Russian great-power nationalism sought to make Slavic history more ancient and connected it with the prestigious Scythian culture. If we rely on the well-known periodization of the development of the national movement of M. Khrokh, then in the theory of the Finns` Altai origin, we can distinguish features characteristic of phase “B,” when the cultural capital of nationalism gradually turns into political. In turn, the historical research of the regional specialists illustrates the earliest stage in the emergence of the national movement, the period of nationalism not only without a nation but also without national intellectuals. The oblasts are forming the very national environment, which does not yet have the means for its own expression, but it obviously contains separatist potential. At the same time, both the Finnish and Siberian patriots, with their scientific research, solved the same ideological task—to include the objects of their research in the world cultural and historical context, to achieve recognition of their right to a place among European nations. However, Florinsky’s theory, performing the function of the official propaganda, is an example of the manifestation of state unifying nationalism, with imperial connotations characteristics of Russia.

scholarly journals Problem obcości: opozycja Rosja–Europa w kulturze rosyjskiej (XI–XIX w.)

2018 ◽  
pp. 83-96
Author(s):  
Marek Jedliński
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Traditional Societies ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Middle Ages

The article analyzes the historical perspective of the formation of the opposition “friend or foe” in the Russian culture from the Middle Ages to the 19th century. Binary thinking has a universal dimension: it is present in every culture, particularly in traditional societies (in this case it is the opposition Russia–Europe). Hostility towards strangers is already noticeable in the Ruthenian tribes. The outsiders were seen as savages, as animals, and even as evil forces. It relates to the perception of the symbolic center of the world.  It is recognizable in the work of Hilarion and the concept of Moscow as the Third Rome.

scholarly journals Drohobycz stolicą XX wieku

Schulz/Forum ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Stanisław Rosiek
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
Georg Simmel ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Salt Mines ◽  
The World ◽  
The 19Th Century

Nowadays it is impossible to think about Schulz outside Drogobych. Wherever else he showed up, be it Vienna, Marienbad, Kudowa, Zakopane, Warsaw or Paris, he was a refugee, a patient, a visitor or a tourist – always a stranger. And he considered himself one, while others did the same. To an extent, it was his own fault. It could perhaps be otherwise if he did not so often write in his letters (and most likely said in conversations) that he was unable to live and work outside his hometown. But the words of the writer could only encourage others to contribute to a stereotype of a “modest schoolteacher from a small town.” The provincial status of Schulz, however, is not so obvious. At the end of the 19th century, thanks to oil Drogobych reached the end of centuries long stasis from which even the salt mines opened in the Middle Ages could not save it. Oil changed the life of many people in Galicia. Without leaving Drogobych, Schulz could actually watch and personally experience in doses which let him keep his independence and inner stability the rise of a metropolitan mentality described by Georg Simmel. Yet Paris was too much for him – after three weeks he escaped from the French capital with not a single word of commentary. To live in the capital of the 19th century, as Walter Benjamin called it, would have been a torture for him. Thus Schulz did not cancel the opposition of center and periphery, the capital and the provinces, but turned such distinctions upside down. Thanks to writing, the center of the world moved to his hometown so that perhaps Drogobych became the capital of the 20th century.

scholarly journals A museologia e a construção de sua dimensão social: olhares e caminhos

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Chagas ◽  
Judite Primo ◽  
Claudia Storino ◽  
Paula Assuncao
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Singular Problems ◽  
The World ◽  
Theoretical Construction ◽  
The 19Th Century

To regard museology, in a special way, the so-called social museology or sociomuseology, conversing with ideas and notions that might be considered obvious, but which, perhaps, if examined by another angle, have something new to offer, is part of this essay’s objectives. Besides, it is relevant to ask: to whom is the obvious, obvious? Frequently, that which seems obvious to certain groups of specialists may not be obvious to a great majority of people. It’s in this sense that, wandering through obviousness, we may affirm that Social Museology or Sociomuseology did not arise out of nowhere and neither is it the result of illuminated intellectuals who brought out of themselves, of their essences, the museal or museistic light that was to illuminate the world; on the contrary, it emerged from wide-ranging discussions and clashes, of built-up of tensions, criticism, confrontations, experiences, reflections and practices that impacted museology and museums which had advanced from the 19th century into the 20th without submitting their paradigms to a critical analysis.In other words: social museology, or sociomuseology, is not the result of a theoretical construction that wants, at any cost, from the top down, to frame museums and different forms of thinking and practicing museology to its technical, scientific, artistic and philosophical dictates; on the contrary, it is a construction resulting from a specific historical context, that doesn’t have, and doesn’t want to have, a normative character; that presents singular answers to also singular problems and that, above all, explicitly assumes political and poetical commitments. Keywords: Museology; social museology; sociomuseology; education; memory; social role of museums.

scholarly journals Michel Houellebecq’s Submission – a novel of decadence

Literatūra ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Vytautas Bikulčius
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Past ◽  
Black Madonna ◽  
Conversion To Islam ◽  
The World ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Aesthetic Values

Michel Houellebecq’s Submission has been analysed as a novel of decadence in this paper. Referring to the works of Michel Winock, François Livi and Michel Onfray, it has been found that a decadent novel can be associated not only with the works of Joris-Karl Huysmans, Pierre Loűys, Jean Lorrain and others produced at the end of the 19th century but also at subsequent periods. Such characteristics of decadent writing as the threat of catastrophe, fundamental changes in society, nostalgia can be found in the analysed novel.François, the main character of the novel, an expert on Huysmans and a professor at Sorbonne University, supports Huysmans’ ideas to some extent trying to find the link between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 21st century by comparing processes in society. Huysmans sought an ideal in the Middle Ages, while François travels to Rocamadour, famous for the statue of the Black Madonna, with a hope to find a spiritual revelation but becomes aware that the world of the past has gone forever. Changes in society made Huysmans leave the monastery, similarly, François gets frustrated as he loses his job when the Muslim Fraternity comes into power.Using the dystopian genre, Houellebecq depicts unbelievable changes in society – the new government proclaims Islam an official religion of France. Society is governed by new rules, the authority is concerned about two things – demography and education. Those, who refuse to convert to Islam, lose their jobs. Changes in society are even linked with geopolitical changes. Meanwhile Houellebecq reveals significant differences between the decadence of the end of the 19th and of the 21st century. Huysmans’ decadence results in neuroses, a desire to seal himself off from the world in alcohol, drugs, etc., to surround himself with works of art, while François in Submission enjoys erotic pleasures, gradually becomes an alcoholic, he does not suffer like Huysmans’ protagonist Des Esseintes. It can be stated that Submission is a decadent novel only at thematic level since aesthetic values, characteristic of the decadence of the 19th century, are left in the background. The only justification of François is that he speaks about his conversion to Islam hypothetically, it shows that he has not made up his mind to take this step.

Aesthetics of the presence of women in Afghan cinema

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Positive View ◽  
The World ◽  
Human World ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Male Dominated ◽  
The 19Th Century

Cinema consists of two different dimensions of art and instrument. A tool that mixes with art and represents society in which anything can be depicted for others. But art has always sought to portray the beauties of this universe. The beauty that lies within philosophy. Since the advent of human beings, men have always sought to dominate and abuse women for their own benefit. In the 19th century, cinema entered the realm of existence and found its place in the human world. With the empowerment of cinema in the world, filmmakers tried to achieve their goals by using this tool.Many filmmakers use women as a propaganda tool to attract a male audience. In many films, when the hero of a movie succeeds in reaching a woman, or in doing so, she is succeeded by a woman. In this way, of course, women themselves are not faultless and have helped men abuse women. Afghanistan, a traditional and male-dominated country, has not been the exception, and in many Afghan films women have been instrumental zed and used in various ways to benefit men, and we have seen fewer films in which women be a movie hero or a woman in a movie like a man. This kind of treatment of women in Afghan films has caused other young Afghan girls to not have a positive view of Afghan cinema.

Surnames in south-eastern France: structure of the rural population during the 19th century through isonymy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Célia Kamel ◽  
Bérengère Saliba-Serre ◽  
Marie-Hélène Lizee ◽  
Michel Signoli ◽  
Caroline Costedoat
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Population Evolution ◽  
Socioeconomic Changes ◽  
Geographical Unit ◽  
Geographical Distances ◽  
Birth Records ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract An analysis of the distribution of surnames through time and space allows us to understand the structure of human groups, their exchanges or even their possible isolation. The French population has already been studied through surnames and it has been shown that the Sud-Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur region differed from the rest of France in both the 20th and 21st centuries (Mourrieras et al., 1995; Scapoli et al., 2005). The objective of this study was to understand the population evolution and particularities of the Sud-Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur region through an analysis of the distribution of surnames over an earlier period: the 19th century. For this work, 806,069 birth records from 521 communes between 1810 and 1890 were recorded and a total of 23,340 surnames were collected. The estimation of various isonymic parameters has allowed a description of this corpus never exploited before. In order to appreciate the population evolution, the data set was divided into three periods of 25 years. The canton was the geographical unit of this study, and similarities and differences between each of them were evaluated using Lasker distances, which allow the construction of dendrograms. A positive and significant correlation (p<0.0001) was found between Lasker distances and geographical distances using the Mantel test. The lowest inbreeding estimates were found in the Durance Valley. Migration, estimated from the v-index of Karlin and McGregor (1967), showed higher values in the south-western quarter of the region. The decrease in Rst values across the three periods is consistent with a homogenization of the patronymic between the cantons. This three-period approach showed a population evolution influenced by linguistic, cultural, historical and migratory phenomena since the Middle Ages, disrupted by the socioeconomic changes of the 19th century.

Historiography of one city: colonialism, colonization, frontir. On the historiography of the history of functioning of the fortress city of the left wing of the Caucasian cordon line on the example of the history of Kizlyar in the first half of the 19th century

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12-3) ◽  
pp. 250-258
Author(s):  
Mahomed Gasanov ◽  
Abidat Gazieva
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

The article is devoted to the analysis of the historiography of the history of the city of Kizlyar. This issue is considered in the historical context of the Eastern Caucasus. The author analyzes the three main theoretical concepts of the problem concerning Russia’s policy in the region, using the example of the city of Kizlyar in the context of historiography.

Death Shall have no Dominion: The Passing of the World of the Dead in America

1977 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles O. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Living World ◽  
The World ◽  
The Dead ◽  
American Society ◽  
Social Importance ◽  
The 19Th Century

The dead have largely lost their social importance, visibility, and impact in American society. This event is essentially a phenomenon of the present century. For three centuries prior, the dead world occupied a significant and readily recognizable place in the living world. Indeed, that place was growing rapidly through much of the 19th century. Causes of the reversal in relationship between the two worlds are examined and consequences of the present radical withdrawal from the dead are suggested.

The Horn of the Unicorn

Antiquity ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 27 (105) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humphrey Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Middle Ages

Though everyone now agrees that the unicorn never existed, this unanimity is quite recent. All through the 19th century there were periodic reports of its presence in darkest Africa or on the Asiatic steppes, and hopes that it would turn out to be a reality died hard. But if there never was such a creature why did the men of the Middle Ages believe in it so firmly and depict it so often? As Christians it was incumbent on them to do so, for it was mentioned in the Old Testament and, therefore, must be real. Its presence there was due to the authors of the Septuagint, the Hellenised Jews who, at Alexandria, in the centuries between the city's foundation and the Christian era, translated their sacred books from Hebrew into Greek and on seven occasions used the word μονόκερως (Greek for unicorn).

scholarly journals Intergenerational and Marriage Mobility of University Professors in the Netherlands During the 19th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 167-171
Author(s):  
Ineke Maas ◽  
Marco H. D. Van Leeuwen ◽  
Antonie Knigge
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Capital ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Occupational Group ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
University Professors ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Civil Marriage ◽  
Cultural Capital Theory ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Do So

In this study we ask the question to what extent 19th-century university professors were a closed occupational group in the sense that they had little intergenerational and marriage mobility. We do so in honor of Kees Mandemakers, who is about to retire as a professor, but whose younger family members may follow in his footsteps. We derive competing hypotheses from cultural capital theory and the meritocracy thesis and test them using civil marriage records for the period 1813–1922 in six Dutch provinces (N = 1,180,976 marriages). Although only 4.4% of all university professors had a father in the same occupation, the odds ratio of 331 shows that this is much more likely than to be expected under independence. Similarly, professors were much more likely to marry the daughter of a professor. Compared to other elite occupations the intergenerational immobility of professors was not especially high, but their marriage immobility was exceptional. Cultural capital theory receives more support than the meritocracy thesis. We hope that Mandemakers, Mandemakers and Mandemakers will accept the challenge and investigate whether these findings can be generalized to contemporary society.

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