scholarly journals The Influence of Cultivars and Phenological Phases on the Accumulation of Nevadensin and Salvigenin in Basil {Ocimum basilicum)

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501001
Author(s):  
Botond Bernhardt ◽  
Jenő Bernáth ◽  
Attila Gere ◽  
Zoltán Kókai ◽  
Bonifác Komáromi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Gene Bank ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Harvest Timing ◽  
Phenological Phases

According to the earlier literature the optimum harvest time for basil is at the full flowering stage if accumulation of essential oil is taken into account. In this research we have investigated our gene-bank stored basil accessions to determine whether the harvest timing is variety specific or not considering their flavonoid accumulation pattern. In our work we have determined by HPLC the content of two main flavonoid compounds, salvigenin and nevadensin, of eight different gene bank accessions from 2013 of Ocimum basilicum L. Data were analysed with the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test. Multiple pairwise comparisons were made using the Conover-Iman procedure where the significance level was 5%. We have observed that the optimum harvest time is at the full flowering stage in the case of accessions ‘Genovese’ and ‘Piros’, but this was not verified for the others. The result of our experiment has shown that the maximum salvigenin and nevadensin content was detected both at the full- and early flowering period. Almost in all phenological phases the accession ‘M. Grimes’ accumulated the highest level of nevadensin, while accession ‘Lengyel’ produced the lowest results in all phenological phases. Generally it could be observed that compared with nevadensin more salvigenin is accumulated, and it is independent of the phenological phases. In the case of salvigenin, ‘M. Grimes’ accession produced the largest quantity and accession ‘Dark Opal’ showed the lowest values. Our analyses demonstrated that harvest at different phenological phases may result in different amounts of active agents according to the cultivar.

scholarly journals The effect of bulb planting time and type of mulch on the yield of Allium aflatunense B. Fedtsch.

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halina Laskowska ◽  
Elżbieta Pogroszewska ◽  
Wojciech Durlak ◽  
Danuta Kozak
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Phenological Phases

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of bulb planting time and the type of mulch on the morphological traits of plants and on bulb yield of <em>Allium aflatunense </em>B. Fedtsch. 'Purple Sensation'. Bulbs of 12 cm diameter were used as the study material. The bulbs were planted in plots on three dates: September 15th, October 1st, and October 15th. The plantation was mulched after frost with two types of mulch: composted pine bark and wheat straw. Phenological phases of the plants were observed during the growing season. At the full flowering stage, several observations and measurements were taken: length of leaves, length of inflorescence peduncle, peduncle diameter, inflorescence diameter, and number of flowers per inflorescence. After harvest, total numerical and weight yield of bulbs were evaluated as well as number and weight of the largest bulbs (21–22 cm diameter). The study showed that in order to obtain <em>Allium aflatunense </em>of high ornamental value, which is determined by the number of flowers per inflorescence and the inflorescence peduncle diameter, bulbs need to be planted in the middle of September. Bulb planting in October leads to production of inflorescences of greater diameter. The optimum method of <em>Allium aflatunense </em>cultivation which ensures production of good total yield of bulbs, expressed in its weight, is bulb planting on September 15th and soil mulching with composted pine bark or straw. Mulching a plantation of <em>Allium aflatunense </em>planted on September 15th with bark has a positive effect on the number and weight of bulbs of 21–22 cm diameter.

Studies of seed production in two Austrodanthonia grass cultivars

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Lodge
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
N Application ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Early Harvest

Studies were conducted in 1993–94 on 2 native grass cultivars, Austrodanthonia richardsonii (Link) H.P.�Linder (syn. Danthonia richardsonii Cashmore) cv. Taranna and A. bipartita (Link) H.P. Linder (syn. D. linkii Kunth) cv. Bunderra, to quantify the important morphological factors affecting seed production (as measured by seed weight, g/plant). Experiments also examined the influence of nitrogen (N) application and investigated the effects of time and method of harvest on seed production and subsequent germination. For both cultivars, inflorescence and floret number accounted for the highest proportion of the variation in seed production per plant (R2 = 0.873 and 0.686 for Taranna and Bunderra, respectively). Although N applied (0, 25, and 50 kg/ha) at the late vegetative or early flowering stage, or split applications at both times, had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on the seed production per plant of Taranna and Bunderra, further studies of N effects are required. In 1993 and 1994, time of inflorescence harvest and method of harvest had no significant effect on inflorescence number and seed production of Taranna and Bunderra and no significant effect on the subsequent germination of Bunderra seed. However, in 1993, harvesting at an early stage of flowering (10% of florets white and fluffy) reduced Taranna seed production by 17% compared with the mean and decreased (P < 0.05) seed germination by about 10%. In 1994, harvesting at early flowering (5% florets white and fluffy) reduced Taranna seed production by a mean of around 55% compared with harvesting at 50% maturity, and subsequent seed germination was also lower (P < 0.05) for the early harvest time. Application of 1 L/ha of paraquat (a.i. 200 g/L of paraquat dichloride) at mid-flowering to desiccate the crop in 1993 had no significant effect on the germination of Taranna and Bunderra caryopses. The implications of these data for commercial seed production are discussed.

Effect of elevation and phenological stages on essential oil composition of Stachys

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masomeh Alimohammadi ◽  
Mehrab Yadegari ◽  
Hamze Ali Shirmardi
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Methyl Chavicol ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Germacrene D

AbstractObjective:Determine the best elevation and phenological stages effects on essential oil content and composition inMaterials and methods:Three phenological stages (vegetative, full flowering and seeding) and three elevation ranges (2500–2700, 2700–2900 and over 2900 m), shoots of plants collected from Kallar mountain as natural habitats from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. Composition of essential oil detected by GC/MS.Results:The maximum amount of secondary metabolites of β-ocimene, methyl chavicol, germacrene-D, 1,8 cineole and phthalate had measured in vegetative stage and various of elevation ranges. The most essential oil content (0.145%) was obtained in 2700–2900 m and full flowering stage. The most components in full flowering were β-eudesmol, menthol and γ-eudesmol. The most of germacrene-D, levomenol, β-thujene, β-caryophyllene, β-sesquiphellandrene, α-eudesmol and delta-cadinene was achieved in seeding stage.Conclusion:Elevation and phenological stages had significant effect on essential oil of

scholarly journals Winter Pea Mixtures with Triticale and Oat for Biogas and Methane Production in Semiarid Conditions of the South Pannonian Basin

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1800
Author(s):  
Sanja Vasiljevic ◽  
Ivica Djalovic ◽  
Jegor Miladinovic ◽  
Nan Xu ◽  
Xin Sui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Pannonian Basin ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Full Flowering

Due to the increase in greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels, there is increased attention on renewable energy sources from specialized crops. These crops should not compete with food security, and it is important to select plant resources which can produce methane-rich biogas efficiently. The most commonly used energy crops are planted and managed intensively with high inputs in productive land, and this negatively affects land use and sustainable use of resources. The main purposes of this study are to: (a) determine the best cropping system for optimal biogas and methane production from sole crops of winter pea, triticale and out and their mixtures at two different maturity stages (first stage: full-flowering stage of winter pea and beginning of milky stage of cereals; second stage: emergence of firsts pods for pea and milky/waxy stage of cereals); and (b) to develop and use a surface model to determine the best combinations of various mixtures that result in highest biogas and methane. The used pure or mixtures of pea, oat and triticale in two seed weight ratios (50%:50% and 75%:25%) produced different green mass, dry matter, solids, biogas and methane yields. The experiments showed that maximum green mass was produced by the mixture of pea and oat at the seed ratio 75%:25% and when crop was harvested at the full-flowering stage of winter pea and beginning of the milky stage of cereals. After quadratic model analyses, the combination ratios of the oat and triticale were, respectively, 30% and 8%, with a maximum green biomass yield of 61.48 t ha−1, while the corresponding values were 28% and 38%, with maximum solids yields of 25.64 t ha−1. As the model was set at 100 for all three independent variables (oat, triticale and pea), the pea should be at 62% (100-30-8) and 34% (100-28-38), respectively, for green mass and organic solids yields. The results of surface analysis and multivariate analysis of variance showed that the mixture of oat and triticale had great potentiality for biogas and methane yields. The optimal mixture of oat with triticale was 27~35% with 73~65% for producing biogas and (or) methane.

scholarly journals Fenología y potencial ornamental de Euphorbia fulgens Karw. ex Klotzsch en México

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Pérez-Nicolás ◽  
María Teresa Colinas-León ◽  
Iran Alia-Tejacal ◽  
Margarita Gisela Peña-Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Chemische Industrie ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Aesthetic Values

Euphorbia fulgens Karw. ex Klotzsch is a species cultivated as an ornamental plant in Europe. Despite being a native and microendemic species in Mexico, it is not cultivated in this country. The objectives were to evaluate its ornamental potential and describe its phenology under greenhouse conditions. Fifty seeds of three wild populations were sown randomly obtaining 30 individuals. The BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie) scale was used to record the phenological stages, and the thermal time was determined as well. Its potential was defined based on aesthetic values and its adaptation for cultivation. Seven main phenological stages were recorded, with the flowering and fruiting stages overlapping during the winter-spring period. The full flowering stage took place 239 days after sowing, accumulating 3,680 ° C day -1. The aesthetic values were arched branches with attractive orange to bright red inflorescences, and easy adaptation to cultivation. The species showed a quality flowering cycle and shelf life of more than fifteen days

Comparison of different Ocimum basilicum L. gene bank accessions analyzed by GC–MS and sensory profile

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 498-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bernhardt ◽  
L. Sipos ◽  
Z. Kókai ◽  
A. Gere ◽  
K. Szabó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Gene Bank ◽  
Sensory Profile

Morphological-, chemical- and RAPD-PCR evaluation of eight different Ocimum basilicum L. gene bank accessions

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. e23-e29 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bernhardt ◽  
Gy. Fazekas ◽  
M. Ladányi ◽  
K. Inotai ◽  
É. Zámbori-Németh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Gene Bank ◽  
Rapd Pcr

scholarly journals A Study on Petal Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Styrax japonicus during the Flowering Period

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1498
Author(s):  
Chen Chen ◽  
Hong Chen ◽  
Ming Ni ◽  
Fangyuan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Endogenous Hormones ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Ornamental Tree ◽  
Full Flowering

Styrax japonicus is a small ornamental tree with medicinal values, although its flowering period is short. To date, information about the morphological and physiological characteristics of the petals during the flowering period is limited. In this study, we observed the structure of the petals at the full flowering stage with a scanning electron microscope and detected the contents of nutrients, minerals, and endogenous hormones and the activities of enzymes at different flowering stages. The results showed that the content of soluble sugar exhibited an ‘increase-decrease’ trend, whereas the contents of soluble protein, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and abscisic acid (ABA) showed a ‘decrease-increase’ pattern. The content of starch descended continuously, but the contents of potassium (K), gibberellic acid (GA3), indoleacetic acid (IAA), and malondialdehyde (MDA) ascended continuously. The activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) first rose and then declined during the flowering period. Higher contents of soluble sugar, N, K, and IAA promoted S. japonicus flowering; meanwhile, lower contents of starch, soluble protein, P, and GA3 in addition to the lower activity of SOD might be some of the causes of the short flowering period. This work will serve as the foundation for a scientific technique to utilize the flowers and extend the flowering period in S. japonicus.

scholarly journals Components of the Production and Chemical Composition of Safflower Seeds as a Function of Nitrogen Fertilization

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
Fernando Luiz da Cruz Balena ◽  
Reginaldo Ferreira Santos ◽  
Doglas Bassegio ◽  
Luciene Kazue Tokura ◽  
Jerry Adriani Johann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Full Flowering

Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on the direct and indirect productive components of safflower. Study Design: The treatments were arranged in randomized blocks, with four replicates, and consisted of five doses of nitrogen (N): 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg.ha-1, in the form of urea (45% N), which was manually incorporated into the soil 30 days after plant emergence. Place and Duration of Study: Sowing was carried out under field conditions on a small rural property in the municipality of Toledo-PR, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in between May and October 2018, totaling 158 days. Methodology: Morphometric parameters were evaluated at the full flowering stage, and the yield and chemical composition of the achenes were assessed during physiological maturation of the plants. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the 5% significance level. Regression equations were fitted to the means of the quantitative variables. Results: The results showed that safflower grain yield was strongly influenced by the application of N-urea, with the maximum yield at a dose of 120 kg.ha-1 N. A joint analysis of the regression equation for N-urea application and grain yield, and the prices of N and safflower grains used, revealed that the most economical dose was 70 kg.ha-1 N, which provided the maximum profit per unit area. There was a positive linear correlation between grain yield and protein content (r = 0.51). Stem diameter, aerial dry biomass, grain yield, number of branches, and floral chapters per plant increased with N application, indicating that safflower culture responds positively to nitrogen fertilization. Conclusion: We conclude that sustainable use of nitrogen fertilizer using the maximum economic efficiency dose, can contribute to better plant health and, at the same time, reduce production costs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document