scholarly journals Encapsulation of Active Molecules in Microparticles Based on Natural Polysaccharides

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalisa Dalmoro ◽  
Sara Cascone ◽  
Gaetano Lamberti ◽  
Anna Angela Barba
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Ionotropic Gelation ◽  
Ultrasonic Atomization ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
Engineering Approach ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Carrier Size ◽  
Drug Leakage

This mini-review is focused on an engineering approach to produce polysaccharides-based microparticles for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical purposes. A brief introduction about the fundamental properties of polysaccharides and their use as microsystems in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutics, and a summary of the most important methods of preparation are described. Then, a novel method based on the ultrasonic atomization of solutions of the two most used polysaccharides, alginate and chitosan, followed by ionotropic gelation to produce enteric microsystems for oral administration and, in particular, the basic mechanisms of the encapsulation of molecules with different size and hydrophilicity, are investigated. This mini-review will show therefore the pathway to correctly design a polysaccharide microcarrier for the encapsulation of active molecules with different properties: from the choice of materials features, to the selection and the optimization of production methods with the aim to reduce costs and energy (ionotropic gelation coupled to ultrasonic atomization), to the control of the final carrier size (by purposely developed predictive models), at last to the optimization of encapsulation properties (predicting by model the drug leakage and providing different solutions to avoid it).

scholarly journals An engineering design approach to systems biology

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 574-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin A. Janes ◽  
Preethi L. Chandran ◽  
Roseanne M. Ford ◽  
Matthew J. Lazzara ◽  
Jason A. Papin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systems Biology ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Educational Philosophy ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Engineering Approach

An engineering approach to systems biology applies educational philosophy, engineering design, and predictive models to solve contemporary problems in biomedicine.

Tu2029 A novel method for anti-TNF based-oral immunotherapy: Oral administration of a plant cell-expressed recombinant anti-TNF fusion protein for treating of Crohn's disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. S-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoseph Shaaltiel ◽  
Ami Ben Ya'acov ◽  
Yehudit Shabat ◽  
Lidya Zolotarov ◽  
Svetlana Gingis-Velitski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Oral Immunotherapy ◽  
Novel Method

scholarly journals Real-World Synthetic Biology: Is It Founded on an Engineering Approach, and Should It Be?

Life ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie A. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Real World ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Modular Architecture ◽  
Engineering Approach ◽  
Rigorous Testing

Authors often assert that a key feature of 21st-century synthetic biology is its use of an ‘engineering approach’; design using predictive models, modular architecture, construction using well-characterized standard parts, and rigorous testing using standard metrics. This article examines whether this is, or even should be, the case. A brief survey of synthetic biology projects that have reached, or are near to, commercial application outside laboratories shows that they showed very few of these attributes. Instead, they featured much trial and error, and the use of specialized, custom components and assays. What is more, consideration of the special features of living systems suggest that a conventional engineering approach will often not be helpful. The article concludes that the engineering approach may be useful in some projects, but it should not be used to define or constrain synthetic biological endeavour, and that in fact the conventional engineering has more to gain by expanding and embracing more biological ways of working.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetic Comparisons of Typical Constituents in Curcumae Rhizoma and Vinegar-Processed Curcumae Rhizoma after Oral Administration to Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Gu ◽  
Jin-ci Li ◽  
De Ji ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Ji Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The Right

The Raw Curcumae Rhizoma (R-CR), included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia Edition 2015, is a well-known Chinese herbal medicine. However, the vinegar-processed Curcumae Rhizoma (V-CR) is used more widely than R-CR. The pharmacokinetics comparison of R-CR and V-CR after oral administration to rats is poorly understood. A novel method, rapid resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (RRLC-MS) coupled with a sensitive, specific, and convenient microdialysis sampling method, free from endogenous interference was developed in this research. The extracts of R-CR and V-CR were administered orally to each group of rats. The blood and liver microdialysis probes were positioned within the jugular vein toward the right atrium and the median lobe near the center of the liver, respectively. Then, a double-peak phenomenon was observed in the concentration-time curves of curdione in R-CR group, while it was not observed in V-CR group. The liver-to-blood distribution ratio of curdione in V-CR group increased significantly (P<0.05) compared to that of R-CR group. However, compared with V-CR group, the pharmacokinetic parameters of curcumol exhibited no statistically significant differences from those of R-CR group. These results indicate that vinegar-processed procedure has influence on the pharmacokinetic process of Curcumae Rhizoma in/ns. RRLC-MS coupled with microdialysis system could be used to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of typical constituents in Curcumae Rhizoma after oral administration.

scholarly journals Detecting Changes and Avoiding Catastrophic Forgetting in Dynamic Partially Observable Environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery Dick ◽  
Pawel Ladosz ◽  
Eseoghene Ben-Iwhiwhu ◽  
Hideyasu Shimadzu ◽  
Peter Kinnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Models ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Decision Processes ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Predictive State Representations ◽  
Markov Decision ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Partially Observable

The ability of an agent to detect changes in an environment is key to successful adaptation. This ability involves at least two phases: learning a model of an environment, and detecting that a change is likely to have occurred when this model is no longer accurate. This task is particularly challenging in partially observable environments, such as those modeled with partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs). Some predictive learners are able to infer the state from observations and thus perform better with partial observability. Predictive state representations (PSRs) and neural networks are two such tools that can be trained to predict the probabilities of future observations. However, most such existing methods focus primarily on static problems in which only one environment is learned. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that uses statistical tests to estimate the probability of different predictive models to fit the current environment. We exploit the underlying probability distributions of predictive models to provide a fast and explainable method to assess and justify the model's beliefs about the current environment. Crucially, by doing so, the method can label incoming data as fitting different models, and thus can continuously train separate models in different environments. This new method is shown to prevent catastrophic forgetting when new environments, or tasks, are encountered. The method can also be of use when AI-informed decisions require justifications because its beliefs are based on statistical evidence from observations. We empirically demonstrate the benefit of the novel method with simulations in a set of POMDP environments.

A Novel Method to Separate Organic Compounds Through Ultrasonic Atomization

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 412-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nii ◽  
K. Matsuura ◽  
T. Fukazu ◽  
M. Toki ◽  
F. Kawaizumi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Ultrasonic Atomization ◽  
Novel Method

The removal and morphology of intact biofilms from implanted venous access devices

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 1020-1021
Author(s):  
M.A. Gregory ◽  
G.P. Hadley
Keyword(s):  
Patient Selection ◽  
Surgical Oncology ◽  
Venous Access ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
Indwelling Catheters ◽  
Careful Patient ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Vascular Catheters ◽  
Venous Access Devices

The insertion of implanted venous access systems for children undergoing prolonged courses of chemotherapy has become a common procedure in pediatric surgical oncology. While not permanently implanted, the devices are expected to remain functional until cure of the primary disease is assured. Despite careful patient selection and standardised insertion and access techniques, some devices fail. The most commonly encountered problems are colonisation of the device with bacteria and catheter occlusion. Both of these difficulties relate to the development of a biofilm within the port and catheter. The morphology and evolution of biofilms in indwelling vascular catheters is the subject of ongoing investigation. To date, however, such investigations have been confined to the examination of fragments of biofilm scraped or sonicated from sections of catheter. This report describes a novel method for the extraction of intact biofilms from indwelling catheters.15 children with Wilm’s tumour and who had received venous implants were studied. Catheters were removed because of infection (n=6) or electively at the end of chemotherapy.

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