scholarly journals Florence Nightingale: The Making of a Hospital Reformer

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Lynn McDonald
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
Hospital Design ◽  
Florence Nightingale ◽  
Positive Treatment ◽  
Vienna General Hospital

Objectives: The first of two articles is to show how Florence Nightingale became a leading, effective hospital reformer. Aim: The aim of the first paper is to relate how Nightingale was influenced by the great defects in the war hospitals of the Crimean War (1854–1856) and how she learned the lessons from those defects to set a different course. The article shows how her famous Notes on Nursing is a positive treatment of the lessons learned, turning the sanitary defects, notably in ventilation, into chapters of the book. The importance of the pavilion model of hospital design is highlighted. There is coverage of the advances made by Semmelweis at the Vienna General Hospital. Methods: This is a purely historical study drawing on the extensive publications by Nightingale, augmented by her (massive) surviving correspondence and notes. The search for archival materials was done for the publication of the 16-volume Collected Works of Florence Nightingale, written by the author of this article. The collected works was peer reviewed, and the research process succeeded in locating material in more than 200 archives worldwide.

Scutari 1854

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (110) ◽  
pp. 241-243
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Florence Nightingale

In 1854 the English and the French were involved in a war which was the more distressing as epidemics increased the death rate in terrifying proportions. At Scutari, on the Asian bank of the Bosphorous, the Turks had given up to the English an artillery barracks with hospital attached. It was there, in that overcrowded general hospital where the cholera patients came pouring in, that Florence Nightingale and her nurses arrived from England on 5 November. The following three pages from Cecil Woodham-Smith's book suffice to describe the conditions she found there. They show what heroism, tenacity and organizing ability she had to call upon to remedy the situation.

Risk management and healthcare safety: Ten years of experience at the Vienna General Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 265-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leopold-Michael Marzi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
The People ◽  
Insurance Group ◽  
Vienna General Hospital ◽  
Family Contact ◽  
Preceding Communication

We should use the word “Health Care Safety” instead of “Patient Safety,” because in cases of malpractice the people who are in charge of treatment of patients can be “second victims.” The typical damage case occurs to an above-average employee in a risk-prone discipline after working in the job for 20 years often between Friday afternoon and Sunday more often in the months of January, March or July due to a preceding communication error and a missing assertiveness of a person who is involved in the case. Very often, health professionals do not know how to react in case of malpractice or emergency from a legal point of view. The patient or his family contact a lawyer immediately, but who helps the health professionals to cope with the case? The Vienna General Hospital (VGH) is one of the biggest in the world. In 1999, the project “Risk Management” was initiated by the Legal Department. The aim at this time was: “Minus 50% concerning cases and more than 50% less costs in the next ten years (2000–2010).” In 2010, the aim was reached and the positive trend is still continuing, but how did it work? The VGH in cooperation with the Vienna Insurance Group created a complete new form of quick help in case of emergency: the so-called “Legal Emergency Kit.” It represents a handy plastic case on which a paragraph is stamped. A special checklist tells what to do in case of legal emergency. The legal practitioner of the VGH can be called at any time via mobile phone. The malpractice cases are analysed in a retrospective damage analysis, which helps to avoid errors and damages in the future.

A Design Based Research Framework for Implementing a Transnational Mobile and Blended Learning Solution

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Palalas ◽  
Nicole Berezin ◽  
Charlotte Gunawardena ◽  
Gretchen Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Design Research ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Cross Culture ◽  
Design Based Research ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Culture Design ◽  
Subsequent Modification ◽  
Practical Recommendations

The article proposes a modified Design-Based Research (DBR) framework which accommodates the various socio-cultural factors that emerged in the longitudinal PA-HELP research study at Central University College (CUC) in Ghana, Africa. A transnational team of stakeholders from Ghana, Canada, and the USA collaborated on the development, implementation, and subsequent modification of the DBR framework. The recommended framework is a result of lessons learned during this project in Ghana and as such, it is shaped by the need to be responsive to the local cultural and contextual contingencies. The article offers practical recommendations on the implementation of a mobile learning project in a cross-cultural setting, and provides a discussion of the salient cultural factors and the corresponding culturally-sensitive adaptations needed in the design research process. The Cross-Culture Design-Based Research (CC-DBR) framework is proposed to inform future transcultural m-learning studies.

scholarly journals A novel recruiting and surveying method: Participatory research during a Pacific Islander community’s traditional cultural event

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Donoho ◽  
Pearl McElfish ◽  
Rachel Avants ◽  
Emily Hallgren
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Research ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Pacific Islander ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Community Based Participatory Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Cultural Event

Little is known about the health status of Marshallese, a Pacific Islander subpopulation living in the United States. The Marshallese have established a growing community in Northwest Arkansas, providing a unique opportunity for increasing knowledge regarding the health of this minority group. This article describes how a community-based participatory research process was used by a community and university coalition to identify and refine questionnaires and recruit study participants. Questionnaires were self-administered on computers during a one-week traditional cultural event. A total of 874 Marshallese from Arkansas completed the questionnaire, exceeding the goal of 600 respondents. Lessons learned, including the level and timing of involvement of both the leadership and the community at large, are discussed in detail. This approach enhanced communication and collaboration between the Marshallese community, service providers and researchers, resulting in higher participation and interest among the Marshallese community.Keywords: participatory research, minority populations, community health assessment, community coalition, Marshallese

scholarly journals Researching Professional Footballers: Reflections and Lessons Learned

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 160940691984932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme Law
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Current Position ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Sensitive Issue ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Insight Into

In this article, the author reflects on the process of interviewing professional footballers about the sensitive issue of money and the lessons learned from this process. The article discusses a case study approach using in-depth qualitative interviews, which generates an innovative insight into a closed social world. The focus is on the difficulties of obtaining a sample where challenges faced are discussed. The article also focuses on the interview style employed when dealing with individuals who are experienced at being interviewed regularly. It also examines the issues of being an “insider” when conducting research and ways in which this can benefit the research process. The issue of research being a messy process is also discussed as when conducting this research, it was imperative that the author could deal with unpredictability and had to be flexible to conduct the research. Finally, the article discusses the insecurities of the participants and the issues of trust, as the current position of the author led him to be seen as an “outsider” by some participants.

Politzer’s Otology Clinic and the Discovery of the Caloric Test

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Baloh
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Surgical Training ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Caloric Test ◽  
Vestibular Apparatus ◽  
University Of Vienna ◽  
Vienna General Hospital ◽  
Ear Canals ◽  
The University

Robert Bárány began his training in Adam Politzer’s Otology Clinic at the University of Vienna in October 1903 after completing his surgical training at the Vienna General Hospital. During his training, Bárány became friends with Gustav Alexander, who already had been offered a position in Politzer’s clinic. Alexander stimulated Bárány’s interest in the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear and was influential in helping Bárány obtain his appointment in Politzer’s clinic. It was well known in Politzer’s clinic that one had to be extremely careful regarding the temperature of the water used to irrigate the ear canals in removing cerumen, otherwise the patient would become dizzy. Bárány discovered the mechanism of this caloric reaction and eventually received the Nobel Prize in Medicine. Bárány’s findings were considered to be pivotal in clinical otology. His colleagues at the clinic were less magnanimous in their praise of Bárány’s accomplishments and questioned his integrity.

Negotiating Participatory Research Processes With Domestic Violence Program Staff to Obtain Ecologically Valid Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (23-24) ◽  
pp. 4817-4837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nkiru Nnawulezi ◽  
Cris M. Sullivan ◽  
Suzanne Marcus ◽  
Latoya Young ◽  
Margaret Hacskaylo
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Research ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Community Partner ◽  
Community Partners ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Staff Members

The choice of research design affects not only internal and external validity but ecological validity as well. Ecological validity refers to the extent to which data are based in and relevant to real-world settings. One way for researchers to maximize the likelihood of achieving ecological validity is to design studies with community partners that use participatory approaches. Engaging deeply with community partners in determining what to study, how to measure constructs of interest, interpreting results, and using findings to create change is one means of conducting research that is likely to produce findings that are meaningful to communities. Conducting in-depth, participatory research within agencies providing crisis supports to individuals who have experienced trauma creates an additional level of complexity in the research process. This article presents a case example of how academic researchers and staff members of a nonprofit organization working with survivors of intimate partner violence collaborated on an evaluation of the community partner agency. As part of this process, the team members had to be continually aware of and responsive to the nature of crisis-focused work. We provide a reflexive account of the lessons learned and recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals Structuring a Team-Based Approach to Coding Qualitative Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 160940692096870
Author(s):  
Lindsay Giesen ◽  
Allison Roeser
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Reference Materials ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Management Structure ◽  
Qualitative Data Analysis Software ◽  
Supportive Management

Improvements to qualitative data analysis software (QDAS) have both facilitated and complicated the qualitative research process. This technology allows us to work with a greater volume of data than ever before, but the increased volume of data frequently requires a large team to process and code. This paper presents insights on how to successfully structure and manage a team of staff in coding qualitative data. We draw on our experience in team-based coding of 154 interview transcripts for a study of school meal programs. The team consisted of four coders, three senior reviewers, and a lead analyst and external qualitative methodologist who shepherded the coding process together. Lessons learned from this study include: 1) establish a strong and supportive management structure; 2) build skills gradually by breaking training and coding into “bite-sized” pieces; and 3) develop detailed reference materials to guide your coding team.

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