scholarly journals Prohibited Contaminants in Dietary Supplements

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neilson M. Mathews
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
The United States ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Adverse Medical Events

Context: With the increasing use of unregulated dietary supplements, athletes are at continued risk from adverse medical events and inadvertent doping. Evidence Acquisition: A review of Clinical Key, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases from 2012 to 2017 was performed using search terms, including dietary supplement, contamination, doping in athletes, inadvertent doping, and prohibited substances. The references of pertinent articles were reviewed for other relevant sources. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Results: Poor manufacturing processes and intentional contamination with many banned substances continue to occur in dietary supplements sold in the United States. Certain sectors, such as weight loss and muscle-building supplements, pose a greater threat because they are more likely to be contaminated. Conclusion: Athletes will continue to be at risk for adverse events and failed doping tests due to contaminated dietary supplements until legislation changes how they are regulated. In the interim, there are several steps that can be taken to mitigate this risk, including improved education of medical staff and athletes and use of third party–certified products.

scholarly journals Postoperative Lyme Arthritis in the Orthopaedic Patient

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-354
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Hess ◽  
Zachary Devilbiss ◽  
Garry Wai Keung Ho ◽  
Raymond Thal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Postoperative Complication ◽  
Joint Pain ◽  
English Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lyme Arthritis ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Level 3

Context:Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne illness in North America and Europe, and Lyme arthritis is a frequent late-stage manifestation in the United States. However, Lyme arthritis has rarely been reported as a postoperative complication.Evidence Acquisition:The PubMed database was queried through June 2018, and restricted to the English language, in search of relevant articles.Study Design:Clinical review.Level of Evidence:Level 3.Results:A total of 5 cases of Lyme arthritis as a postoperative complication have been reported in the literature.Conclusion:These cases highlight the importance for providers practicing in Lyme-endemic regions to keep such an infection in mind when evaluating postoperative joint pain and swelling. We propose herein an algorithm for the workup of potential postoperative Lyme arthritis.Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT):C

Use of Dietary Supplements for Weight Loss in the United States: Results of a National Survey

Obesity ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 790-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine L. Pillitteri ◽  
Saul Shiffman ◽  
Jeffrey M. Rohay ◽  
Andrea M. Harkins ◽  
Steven L. Burton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
National Survey ◽  
The United States

Abstract 177: Credentials of Staff Performing Echocardiography in the United States: Insights from the Intersocietal Accreditation Commission

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W Parker ◽  
Diana Sobieraj ◽  
Mary Beth Farrell ◽  
Craig I Coleman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Volume Number ◽  
National Board ◽  
Formal Level ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Medical Directors

Background: Little has been published on the practice of echocardiography (echo) in the United States. We used the Intersocietal Accreditation Commission-Echocardiography (IAC-Echo) applications database to describe the personnel in echo laboratories seeking accreditation. Methods: We used de-identified data provided on IAC-Echo applications to characterize facilities by hospital association, census region, annual volume, number of sites, previous accreditation, and numbers of physicians and sonographers as well as National Board of Echocardiography (NBE) testamur status of physicians and registered credential status of sonographers. We categorized Medical Directors by board certification in cardiovascular diseases, internal medicine, other specialty, or none. Medical Director echo training could be formal Level 2 or 3 or experiential by ≥3 years of practice. Frequencies, means, and medians were compared between groups using the chi-square test, t-test, or Mann Whitney test, respectively. Results: From 2011 to 2013, 1926 echo labs representing 10618 physicians and 6870 sonographers applied for IAC-Echo accreditation or re-accreditation. The majority of medical directors were board certified in cardiovascular diseases and 34.1% of medical directors and 27.2% of staff physicians held NBE testamur status; 79.5% of sonographers held registered credentials. Most echo labs were in the Northeast or South census regions, have an average of 1.75 sites, and are based outside of hospitals (Table). Compared to nonhospital echo labs, medical directors of hospital-based echo labs were more likely to be Level 3 trained (19.8% versus 30.8%, p<0.01) and be NBE testamurs (28.9% versus 45.6%, p<0.01). Markers of echo lab size, region, previous accreditation, and credentialed sonographers were associated with accreditation versus delay decisions; there was a trend toward accreditation among facilities with NBE medical directors. Conclusion: Among facilities seeking IAC-Echo accreditation, the minority of echo physicians hold NBE testamur status. Hospital and nonhospital facilities are different in the credentials of their personnel.

Third-party funding na arbitragem contra Estados: a relativização da imunidade executória na execução da sentença arbitral contra Estados

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-234
Author(s):  
Ana Monteiro ◽  
Daniel Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Asset Pricing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Third Party ◽  
State Immunity ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
Current Context ◽  
Party Funding

The purpose of this article is to assess the risk for preventing the execution of arbitral awards made against Sovereign States due to the State’s immunity shield. Given the importance of an accurate asset pricing in the business of third-party funding (TPF), the topic entails a particular relevance to the current context of globalized litigation in light of its contribution to the promotion of TPF at the international arbitration community. After reviewing the literature on TPF, on the peculiarities of investment and commercial arbitrations against States and on the evolution of State immunity (also in terms of domestic legislation, considering the local laws passed by the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia), the article aims explore how the funder should incorporate into its risk assessment the risk of not executing awards rendered against Sovereign States.

scholarly journals Long-term weight loss maintenance in the United States

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1644-1654 ◽  
Author(s):  
J L Kraschnewski ◽  
J Boan ◽  
J Esposito ◽  
N E Sherwood ◽  
E B Lehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Loss Maintenance ◽  
The United States

The Sino-Soviet Split and Problems for the United States in Asia, Europe, and the Americas, 1956–64

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mao Zedong ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Soviet Foreign Policy ◽  
China’S Foreign Policy

This chapter examines the Sino-Soviet split and its implications for the United States' policies in Asia, Europe, and the Americas during the period 1956–1964. Coordination and comity in the communist camp peaked between 1953 and 1957, but alliance between the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China (PRC) was relatively short-lived. This was caused by ideological differences, distrust, and jealous rivalries for international leadership between Nikita Khrushchev and Mao Zedong. The chapter explains what caused the strain in Sino-Soviet relations, and especially the collapse of Sino-Soviet military and economic cooperation. It also considers the effects of the Sino-Soviet disputes on third-party communists in Asia, China's foreign policy activism, and the catalytic effect of the Sino-Soviet split on Soviet foreign policy.

Antitrust and Third Party Insurers

1982 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-270
Author(s):  
George Heitler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
United States Supreme Court ◽  
The United States ◽  
Third Party ◽  
United States Supreme ◽  
Rule Of Reason ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Care Field ◽  
Per Se

AbstractThis Article surveys major antitrust issues affecting the health care field with particular emphasis on third party insurers. It deals with the most recent decisions of the United States Supreme Court, including Maricopa, Pireno and McCready, involving limitations on the scope of the antitrust exemptions, and the bearing of these decisions on third party insurers, provider agreements, peer review mechanisms, physician control or sponsorship of prepayment plans, joint insurer activities, relative value fee schedules, maximum fee schedules, and area-wide planning. The Article challenges the desirability of strict application of antitrust principles to these and other activities within the health care field, stressing that practices with procompetitive and cost containment aspects should be encouraged and analyzed under the rule of reason rather than a per se approach.

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