scholarly journals Female Dominance in Human Groups

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Stroebe ◽  
Bernard A. Nijstad ◽  
Charlotte K. Hemelrijk
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Gender Composition ◽  
Female Dominance ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Lower Status ◽  
High Level ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Mixed Gender

Compared to men, women less often attain high-level positions and generally have lower status in society. In smaller groups, the relative influence of men and women depends on gender composition, but research is inconclusive regarding the relation between gender composition and female influence. Studies of nonhuman primates show that when females are in the minority they become more dominant over males, but only when conflict levels are high, because under these conditions men fight among each other. Similarly, here we show, in two studies with mixed gender groups ( N = 90 and N = 56), that women were more dominant in groups with a high percentage of men and high levels of conflict. This depends on gender differences in aggressive behavior, inducing more aggressive behavior in women eliminated this increase in female dominance. Our work reveals that status relations between the genders among nonhuman primates can generalize to humans.

scholarly journals Gender differences in online collaborative learning groups promoting affective education and social capital

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (spe) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mebane Minou Ella ◽  
Sorace Roberta ◽  
Solimeno Andrea ◽  
Tomai Manuela
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Learning ◽  
Gender Composition ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Affective Education ◽  
Learning Groups ◽  
Online Collaborative Learning ◽  
Psychology Majors ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Mixed Groups ◽  
Mixed Gender

This paper reports the results of a study aimed to establish whether the amount and types of conflicts vary in all male, all female and mixed gender groups working in asynchronous collaborative learning online settings. Sixty psychology majors were divided into three groups conducted online by the same teacher. The study show that the levels of participation in the three groups varied in relation to gender composition. Further the results evidenced all female group did have more conflicts then male and mixed groups, but primarily they did not have interpersonal. The female groups´ conflicts seem to be related to goal-oriented process of work.

scholarly journals GENDER DIFFERENCES ACROSS THE AGING SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL AND THE FRABONI SCALE OF AGEISM

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S81-S82
Author(s):  
Robert C Intrieri ◽  
Rebecca A Dunterman
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gender Groups

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare attitudes about aging between groups of raters categorized by gender, using the Aging Semantic Differential (ASD; Rosencrantz & McNevin, 1969) and the Fraboni Scale of Ageism (FSA, Fraboni, Saltstone, & Hughes, 1990). The current study assesses the relationships between the four factors of Aging Semantic Differential (ASD; Instrumentality, Autonomy, Acceptability, and Integrity) as well as the three factors of the Fraboni Scale of Ageism (FSA; Antilocution, Discrimination, and Avoidance) across gender groups. The convenience sample consisted of 471 undergraduate students, with a mean age of 19.68 (SD = 2.28). The mean age for men was 19.88 (SD = 3.31) and for women was 19.56 (SD = 1.37). A series of four ANOVAs were conducted using the ASD factors. Results showed significance for the ASD-Instrumental (F(1, 470) = 4.922, p = .027); ASD-Acceptability F(1, 470) = 8.616, p = .003), and the ASD-Integrity factors F(1, 470) = 4.475, p = .035). Men endorsed more positive attitudes than women on both the Acceptability and Integrity factors. Women endorsed more positive attitudes on the Instrumental factor. Similar ANOVAs were conducted across the three Fraboni Scale of Ageism factors. Significant differences between men and women were only obtained across the Avoidance factor (F(1, 470) = 12.187, p = .001) with endorsing higher avoidance scores than women. Taken together these results show differential effects across three ASD factors between men and women while men demonstrated higher scores on the FSA Avoidance scale.

Is it really just a joke? Gender differences in perceptions of sexist humor

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-315
Author(s):  
Tiffany J. Lawless ◽  
Conor J. O’Dea ◽  
Stuart S. Miller ◽  
Donald A. Saucier
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Disparagement Humor ◽  
Lower Status ◽  
Sexist Humor

AbstractBenign violation theory suggests humor mocking normative values is funny if the humor is non-threatening. Research suggests sexism toward women (versus men) is particularly threatening due to inequalities in social power. In Study 1, we examined whether men and women differ in how amused and offended they were by sexist humor. We predicted men would perceive sexist humor as more funny and less offensive than women would. In Study 2, we examined whether perceptions of threat were related to perceptions of sexist jokes. We predicted women would perceive more threat than men from sexist humor, which would lead to lower amusement and greater perceived offensiveness. Across both studies, jokes targeting women were perceived to be less funny, more offensive, and more sexist than jokes targeting men. Additionally, greater perceptions of threat were related to greater perceptions of jokes as offensive and sexist. However, women were not more threatened than men by sexist jokes. While these findings were not entirely consistent with our hypotheses, our findings suggest disparagement humor targeting lower-status groups is perceived more negatively than disparagement humor targeting higher-status groups and these perceptions may be inextricably rooted in threat posed to lower-status groups.

Gender Differences in the Relationship between Anger and Aggressive Behavior

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199187
Author(s):  
Martha K. Fahlgren ◽  
Joey C. Cheung ◽  
Nicole K. Ciesinski ◽  
Michael S. McCloskey ◽  
Emil F. Coccaro
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Trait Anger ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Midwestern University ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Behavioral Aggression ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Affiliative Behaviors

Evidence is mixed regarding differences in prevalence of aggressive behavior, with many (though not all) studies suggesting that men are more aggressive than women. Furthermore, while aggression often occurs in response to provocation-induced anger, this relationship may be stronger for men; women may be more likely to engage in non-aggressive (e.g., affiliative) behaviors in response to provocation, particularly at low-level provocation. This study examined gender differences in aggression as well as differences in the relationship between anger and aggression for men and women. Adults ( N = 424) participated in a behavioral aggression task, and a subset of participants ( n = 304) completed a questionnaire assessing trait levels of anger as part of a larger study at a large midwestern university. Results indicated that while men and women aggressed at similar levels, aggression was significantly associated with trait anger for men only, at low levels of provocation, with only a trending relationship for high provocation. This suggests that while men and women may be equally aggressive in certain situations, this behavior may be differentially associated with anger.

Evaluating Competence of Women and Men: Effects of Experimenter Gender and Group Gender Composition

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Etaugh ◽  
Bruce D. Houtler ◽  
Patricia Ptasnik
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Gender Composition ◽  
Job Applicant ◽  
Female Applicant ◽  
Male Experimenter ◽  
Male Applicant ◽  
Female Experimenter ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Mixed Gender ◽  
Male Subjects

College students (78 females, 79 males) were placed in all-female, all-male, or mixed-gender groups. In the presence of a male or female experimenter, subjects evaluated an article written by a female or male job applicant. Subjects in mixed-gender groups generally evaluated the female applicant more favorably in the presence of the female experimenter than the male experimenter. Subjects in mixed-gender groups also rated the female applicant more favorably than the male applicant in the presence of the female experimenter. Male subjects generally were more influenced than were females by the experimenter's gender, tending to give higher ratings to the applicant of the same gender as the experimenter.

mysteries, Bacchic

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz Graf
Keyword(s):  
Late Archaic ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
City Life ◽  
Loss Of Self ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
The City ◽  
Mixed Gender ◽  
A Performance

Mystery cults of Dionysos are attested to in Greece from the late Archaic epoch and expanded to Rome in Hellenistic times. They appear in two forms, the group (thíasos) of ecstatic women (mainádes) who celebrate their rituals in the wilderness outside the city and in opposition to the restrictive female city life; and the thíasos of both men and women that constitutes itself as a cultic association and celebrates inside the cities but preserves the ideology of a performance outside the city. The main goal in both types of cult groups was the extraordinary experience of loss of self through drinking wine and dancing; the mixed-gender groups often added eschatological hopes. The purely female thiasoi were led by a priestess of Dionysos, whereas the mixed-gender groups were often led by a male professional initiator. The most conspicuous trace of these initiations are the so-called Orphic gold tablets that attest to the expectations for a better afterlife.

Congruence Between Leadership Gender and Organizational Claims Affects the Gender Composition of the Applicant Pool: Field Experimental Evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mabel Abraham ◽  
Vanessa Burbano
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Gender Composition ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Organization Level ◽  
General Preference ◽  
Identical Jobs

The extent to which men and women sort into different jobs and organizations—namely, gender differences in supply-side labor market processes—is a key determinant of workplace gender composition. This study draws on theories of congruence to uncover a unique organization-level driver of gender differences in job seekers’ behavior. We first argue and show that congruence between leadership gender and organizational claims is a key mechanism that drives job seekers’ interest. Specifically, many organizational claims are gender-typed, such that social claims activate the female stereotype, whereas business claims activate the male stereotype. Thus, whereas female-led organizations making social claims are gender-congruent, male-led firms making the same claims are gender-incongruent. Beyond demonstrating a general preference among job seekers for congruence, we also find that female job seekers are most interested in working for organizations that are simultaneously congruent and provide credible signals that they are fair and equitable employers. The congruence of leadership gender and organizational claims thus affects the gender composition of applicant pools for otherwise identical jobs.

Alcohol use and aggressive behavior among adult men and women

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Leonard ◽  
B. Quigley ◽  
M. Testa ◽  
R. Houston
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Adult Men

Gender differences in airway obstruction in men and women with acromegaly: A longitudinal study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvère Störmann ◽  
Katharina Schilbach ◽  
Felix Amereller ◽  
Angstwurm Matthias W ◽  
Jochen Schopohl
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Men And Women

Empathy as moderator of gender differences in Chinese insurance agents' business ethical sensitivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1029-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Zhang ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Business Ethics ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Ethical Sensitivity ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Insurance Agents ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Ethics Research ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

To expand the business ethics research field, and to increase society's understanding of Chinese insurance agents' business ethics, we investigated how gender differences are related to agents' business ethical sensitivity and whether or not these relationships are moderated by empathy. Through a regression analysis of the factors associated with the business ethical sensitivity of 417 Chinese insurance agents, we found that gender played an important role in affecting business ethical sensitivity, and empathy significantly affected business ethical sensitivity. Furthermore, empathy had a moderating effect on the relationship between gender and business ethical sensitivity. Both men and women with strong empathy scored high on business ethical sensitivity; however, men with strong empathy had higher levels of business ethical sensitivity than did women with little empathy. The findings add to the literature by providing insight into the mechanisms responsible for the benefits of empathy in increasing business ethical sensitivity.

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