Brain SPECT and Neuropsychological Examination in Patients with a History of Minor Craniocerebral Trauma Nine Years after Head Injury

Background. The idea that superior cognitive function acts as a protective factor against dementia and the consequences of head injury is well established. Here we suggest the hypothesis that cognitive reserve is also important in neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression.Method. We review the history of passive and active models of reserve, and apply the concept to neuropsychiatric disorders. Schizophrenia is used as an exemplar because the effects of premorbid IQ and cognitive function in this disorder have been extensively studied.Results. Cognitive reserve may impact on neuropsychiatric disorders in three ways: by affecting the risk for developing the disorder, in the expression of symptoms within disorders, and in patients' functional outcome. Cognitive failure below a certain threshold may alone, or in combination with common psychiatric symptoms, produce neuropsychiatric syndromes.Conclusions. Consideration of cognitive reserve may considerably improve our understanding of individual differences in the causes and consequences of neuropsychiatric disorders. For these reasons, the concept of cognitive reserve should be incorporated in future studies of neuropsychiatric disorder. It may be possible to enhance cognitive reserve through pharmacological or non-pharmacological means, such as education, neurocognitive activation or other treatment programmes.

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A targeted neuropsychological examination of children with a history of sport-related concussion

Brain Injury ◽

10.1080/02699052.2018.1546408 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 291-298

Author(s):

R. D. Moore ◽

V. Sicard ◽

D. Pindus ◽

L. B. Raine ◽

E. S. Drollette ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neuropsychological Examination ◽

History Of

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Association of post-traumatic communication of endocranium and nasal cavity with recurrent meningoencephalitis without rhinorrhea

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp1011945d ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 67 (11) ◽

pp. 945-948 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Djula Djilvesi ◽

Petar Vulekovic ◽

Tomislav Cigic ◽

Zeljko Kojadinovic ◽

Vladimir Papic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Head Injury ◽

High Resolution ◽

Ct Scans ◽

Direct Impact ◽

Skull Base Fracture ◽

Therapeutic Procedures ◽

History Of ◽

Post Traumatic ◽

Transnasal Endoscopic Surgery

Introduction. A gunshot head injury, characterized by a huge intensity of mechanical force, in addition to the direct tissue damage at the location of direct impact, may cause a skull and skull base fracture, distant from the the point of direct impact, which could be further complicated by creating a communication between endocranium and nasal/paranasal cavities. Such cases pose a great diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for every clinician. Case report. The patient is presented with the history of a perforating gunshot head injury six years ago, with recurrent attacks of meningoencephalitis subsequently, without rhinorrhea. By using high resolution CT scans, previous traumatic skull injury was verified and a fissure in the frontoethmoidal region, far from the point of direct impact, was detected. The patient underwent transnasal endoscopic surgery, in order to seal the communication on skull basis. The patient did not suffer from meningoencephalitis during the next two years. Conclusion. In the cases with late occurrence of posttraumatic meningoencephalitis with no signs of rhinorrhea, a possibility of an existing communication between intracranial and nasal cavities should be considered, as well. By applying modern diagnostic and therapeutic procedures such communication should be precisely located and sealed.

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The Natural History of Raised Intracranial Pressure After Head Injury in Man

Intracranial Pressure V ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-69204-8_94 ◽

1983 ◽

pp. 554-557 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Galbraith ◽

E. Cardoso ◽

J. O. Rowan ◽

G. Teasdale

Keyword(s):

Head Injury ◽

Intracranial Pressure ◽

Natural History ◽

Raised Intracranial Pressure ◽

History Of

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Overdosing the Overdosed

The Cognitive Autopsy ◽

10.1093/med/9780190088743.003.0032 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 211-218

Author(s):

Pat Croskerry

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Head Injury ◽

Medication Error ◽

General Hospital ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Fundamental Attribution Error ◽

Inappropriate Use ◽

Laboratory Error ◽

Toxic Drug ◽

History Of

In this case, a middle-aged male presents to the emergency department (ED) of a general hospital with dizziness and weakness and a history of falling the previous day associated with seizures. There is also a possibility of head injury. He is well known to the department and has been seen previously by the head of the department regarding inappropriate use of the ED. Some difficulty ensues in terms of whether he has been having seizures or not, which, combined with a medication error and a laboratory error, results in him being overdosed with a significantly toxic drug. The case is an example of groupthink as well as fundamental attribution error.

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Incidental Finding of Posterior Fossa Epidermoid, In a Head Trauma Patient: A Case Report

Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College ◽

10.3126/jngmc.v17i1.25321 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 56-57

Author(s):

Narendra Prasad Baskota ◽

K. Singh

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Head Injury ◽

Posterior Fossa ◽

Head Trauma ◽

Incidental Findings ◽

Incidental Finding ◽

Brain Lesions ◽

Minor Head Trauma ◽

Post Operative Period ◽

History Of

Incidental findings of brain lesions in head injury are seen frequently. In our region NCC is common, but in literature meningioma andarachnoid cyst are common. Here we report a case of incidental finding of posterior fossa epidermoid in a 25 years old male patient who had history of minor head trauma which was operated with relatively uneventful post operative period.

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Quetiapine Induced Acute Dystonia in a patient with History of severe Head Injury

Rehabilitation Process and Outcome ◽

10.4137/rpo.s3626 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. RPO.S3626

Author(s):

Robert G. Bota ◽

Joanne W. Witkowski

Keyword(s):

Head Injury ◽

Therapeutic Dose ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Severe Head Injury ◽

Psychiatric Hospitalization ◽

Antipsychotic Medications ◽

Acute Dystonia ◽

History Of ◽

Muscle Groups

A patient with a history of severe head injury 10 years ago regained ability to walk after years of being bound to a wheelchair. During the last psychiatric hospitalization, quetiapine was increased to therapeutic dose using a normal titration. As a result the patient developed dystonia of multiple muscle groups requiring 4 days of hospitalization for remittance of symptoms. In this paper, we take a close look at the literature concerning extrapiramidal symptoms (EPS) in this context, and we suggest that in patients with a history of head injury, it is warranted to consider a slower titration of antipsychotic medications, including ones that are considered having a lower risk of EPS such as quetiapine.

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Mitigating the Consequences of Subconcussive Head Injuries

Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.1146/annurev-bioeng-091219-053447 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 387-407

Author(s):

Eric A. Nauman ◽

Thomas M. Talavage ◽

Paul S. Auerbach

Keyword(s):

Head Injury ◽

Clinical Diagnosis ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Tissue Level ◽

Clinical Neurology ◽

Subconcussive Injury ◽

History Of ◽

Tissue Alteration ◽

The Brain

Subconcussive head injury represents a pathophysiology that spans the expertise of both clinical neurology and biomechanical engineering. From both viewpoints, the terms injury and damage, presented without qualifiers, are synonymously taken to mean a tissue alteration that may be recoverable. For clinicians, concussion is evolving from a purely clinical diagnosis to one that requires objective measurement, to be achieved by biomedical engineers. Subconcussive injury is defined as subclinical pathophysiology in which underlying cellular- or tissue-level damage (here, to the brain) is not severe enough to present readily observable symptoms. Our concern is not whether an individual has a (clinically diagnosed) concussion, but rather, how much accumulative damage an individual can tolerate before they will experience long-term deficit(s) in neurological health. This concern leads us to look for the history of damage-inducing events, while evaluating multiple approaches for avoiding injury through reduction or prevention of the associated mechanically induced damage.

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Head Injury and Posttraumatic Movement Disorders

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1097/00006123-200205000-00003 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 50 (5) ◽

pp. 927-940 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Joachim K. Krauss ◽

Joseph Jankovic

Keyword(s):

Head Injury ◽

Movement Disorder ◽

Movement Disorders ◽

Severe Head Injury ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Diffuse Axonal Injury ◽

Craniocerebral Trauma ◽

Causative Factor ◽

Stereotactic Surgery ◽

Neurosurgical Treatment

Abstract WE REVIEW THE phenomenology, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy, and therapy of posttraumatic movement disorders with special emphasis on neurosurgical treatment options. We also explore possible links between craniocerebral trauma and parkinsonism. The cause-effect relationship between head injury and subsequent movement disorder is not fully appreciated. This may be related partially to the delayed appearance of the movement disorder. Movement disorders after severe head injury have been reported in 13 to 66% of patients. Although movement disorders after mild or moderate head injury are frequently transient and, in general, do not result in additional disability, kinetic tremors and dystonia may be a source of marked disability in survivors of severe head injury. Functional stereotactic surgery provides long-term symptomatic and functional benefits in the majority of patients. Thalamic radiofrequency lesioning, although beneficial in some patients, frequently is associated with side effects such as increased dysarthria or gait disturbance, particularly in patients with kinetic tremor secondary to diffuse axonal injury. Deep brain stimulation is used increasingly as an option in such patients. It remains unclear whether pallidal or thalamic targets are more beneficial for treatment of posttraumatic dystonia. Trauma to the central nervous system is an important causative factor in a variety of movement disorders. The mediation of the effects of trauma and the pathophysiology of the development of posttraumatic movement disorders require further study. Functional stereotactic surgery should be considered in patients with disabling movement disorders refractory to medical treatment.

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Serum Cortisol Abnormalities after Craniocerebral Trauma

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/00006123-197911000-00003 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 559-565 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Paul Steinbok ◽

Gordon Thompson

Keyword(s):

Head Injury ◽

Cortisol Level ◽

Diurnal Rhythm ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

Craniocerebral Trauma ◽

Serum Cortisol ◽

Feedback Mechanism ◽

Serum Cortisol Level ◽

Skull Fractures ◽

Middle Fossa

Abstract Serial estimations of serum cortisol were performed in 49 patients with craniocerebral trauma. Abnormalities of serum cortisol, including alterations in diurnal rhythm and elevations of serum cortisol level, occurred in 21 patients. The frequency and severity of the abnormalities correlated with the severity of the head injury, and there was a trend suggesting that middle fossa basal skull fractures predisposed to cortisol abnormalities. A further 6 patients were studied to assess the effects of exogenous dexamethasone, and in all patients there was suppression of elevated serum cortisol levels by the dexamethasone. The findings suggest that hypercortisolemia after head injury is related to an alteration rather than an abolition of the normal feedback mechanism.

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