Extruded High Quality Materials from Wheat Gluten

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Henrik Ullsten ◽  
Mikael Gällstedt ◽  
Gwen M. Spencer ◽  
Eva Johansson ◽  
Salla Marttila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
High Quality

scholarly journals Adverse Effects of Wheat Gluten

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (Suppl. 2) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frits Koning
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Western World ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
The World ◽  
India And China

Man began to consume cereals approximately 10,000 years ago when hunter-gatherers settled in the fertile golden crescent in the Middle East. Gluten has been an integral part of the Western type of diet ever since, and wheat consumption is also common in the Middle East, parts of India and China as well as Australia and Africa. In fact, the food supply in the world heavily depends on the availability of cereal-based food products, with wheat being one of the largest crops in the world. Part of this is due to the unique properties of wheat gluten, which has a high nutritional value and is crucial for the preparation of high-quality dough. In the last 10 years, however, wheat and gluten have received much negative attention. Many believe that it is inherently bad for our health and try to avoid consumption of gluten-containing cereals; a gluten-low lifestyle so to speak. This is fueled by a series of popular publications like Wheat Belly; Lose the Wheat, Lose the Weight, and Find Your Path Back to Health. However, in reality, there is only one condition where gluten is definitively the culprit: celiac disease (CD), affecting approximately 1% of the population in the Western world. Here, I describe the complexity of the cereals from which gluten is derived, the special properties of gluten which make it so widely used in the food industry, the basis for its toxicity in CD patients and the potential for the development of safe gluten and alternatives to the gluten-free diet.

scholarly journals Increase in exports of grain processing products

2021 ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
L. Yesakhmetova ◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
Cereal Industry

The implementation of strategic goals of the development of agro-industrial complex can be achieved due to the significant potential for growth in production volume of flour-cereals industry, competitive advantages. The article discusses the raw material reserves of domestic flour-cereal industry, sufficient for sustainable and balanced production of various types and varieties of flour, to fully meet the needs of the bakery, confectionery and pasta industries. Production indicators of flour output when all production capacities are loaded are presented, which determines the possibility of expanding export markets. The author states that flour and cereal industry, which is part of grain products subcomplex of agro-industrial complex, is included into the links of the added value chain, interacts with technologically related industries, which improve its structure, expand export opportunities, and contribute to the growth of the competitiveness of national economy. The importance of production of flour-milling products is determined by its contribution to the formation of food security in the country due to the significant increase in production of high-quality domestic food products. The author points out, that in Kazakhstan, the Roadmap on development of grain processing will be developed. The activities of the subsidiary LLP BioOperations (Tayinsha town, North Kazakhstan region) are aimed at production of bioethanol, wheat gluten, starch, flour and animal feed. The main direction of functioning of LLP "Aruana- 2010" is production of flour (wheat, bakery), providing it to trade enterprises and manufacture of bakery products. Flour of the "PATSHA" trademark is made from high quality grain, with high protein content, grown in ecologically clean fields of Kazakhstan.

Some problems of objective-prism spectra classification

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 51-52
Author(s):  
E. K. Kharadze ◽  
R. A. Bartaya
Keyword(s):  
Short Wave ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Stellar Spectra ◽  
Objective Prism

The unique 70-cm meniscus-type telescope of the Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory supplied with two objective prisms and the seeing conditions characteristic at Mount Kanobili (Abastumani) permit us to obtain stellar spectra of a high quality. No additional design to improve the “climate” immediately around the telescope itself is being applied. The dispersions and photographic magnitude limits are 160 and 660Å/mm, and 12–13, respectively. The short-wave end of spectra reaches 3500–3400Å.

A non-cyanide method of electropolishing silver

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
R. L. Lyles ◽  
S. J. Rothman ◽  
W. Jäger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Methyl Alcohol ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Silver Alloy ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Silver Alloys ◽  
Free Sample ◽  
Specimen Quality ◽  
Standard Techniques

Standard techniques of electropolishing silver and silver alloys for electron microscopy in most instances have relied on various CN recipes. These methods have been characteristically unsatisfactory due to difficulties in obtaining large electron transparent areas, reproducible results, adequate solution lifetimes, and contamination free sample surfaces. In addition, there are the inherent health hazards associated with the use of CN solutions. Various attempts to develop noncyanic methods of electropolishing specimens for electron microscopy have not been successful in that the specimen quality problems encountered with the CN solutions have also existed in the previously proposed non-cyanic methods.The technique we describe allows us to jet polish high quality silver and silver alloy microscope specimens with consistant reproducibility and without the use of CN salts.The solution is similar to that suggested by Myschoyaev et al. It consists, in order of mixing, 115ml glacial actic acid (CH3CO2H, specific wt 1.04 g/ml), 43ml sulphuric acid (H2SO4, specific wt. g/ml), 350 ml anhydrous methyl alcohol, and 77 g thiourea (NH2CSNH2).

A High Resolution Scanning Microscope

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 356-357
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe ◽  
J. Wall ◽  
L. M. Welter
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Focal Length ◽  
Spot Size ◽  
Emission Source ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Magnetic Lens ◽  
High Quality

A scanning microscope using a field emission source has been described elsewhere. This microscope has now been improved by replacing the single magnetic lens with a high quality lens of the type described by Ruska. This lens has a focal length of 1 mm and a spherical aberration coefficient of 0.5 mm. The final spot size, and therefore the microscope resolution, is limited by the aberration of this lens to about 6 Å.The lens has been constructed very carefully, maintaining a tolerance of + 1 μ on all critical surfaces. The gun is prealigned on the lens to form a compact unit. The only mechanical adjustments are those which control the specimen and the tip positions. The microscope can be used in two modes. With the lens off and the gun focused on the specimen, the resolution is 250 Å over an undistorted field of view of 2 mm. With the lens on,the resolution is 20 Å or better over a field of view of 40 microns. The magnification can be accurately varied by attenuating the raster current.

Quantitative defect studies in semiconductor TEM samples prepared by low angle ion milling

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 512-513
Author(s):  
L. Mulestagno ◽  
J.C. Holzer ◽  
P. Fraundorf
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Variable Angle ◽  
Major Disadvantage ◽  
Induced Defects

Due to the wealth of information, both analytical and structural that can be obtained from it TEM always has been a favorite tool for the analysis of process-induced defects in semiconductor wafers. The only major disadvantage has always been, that the volume under study in the TEM is relatively small, making it difficult to locate low density defects, and sample preparation is a somewhat lengthy procedure. This problem has been somewhat alleviated by the availability of efficient low angle milling.Using a PIPS® variable angle ion -mill, manufactured by Gatan, we have been consistently obtaining planar specimens with a high quality thin area in excess of 5 × 104 μm2 in about half an hour (milling time), which has made it possible to locate defects at lower densities, or, for defects of relatively high density, obtain information which is statistically more significant (table 1).

Structural changes in silicon-on-insulator material during post-implantation annealing

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 736-737
Author(s):  
C. O. Jung ◽  
S. J. Krause ◽  
S.R. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Oxide Layer ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Device Fabrication ◽  
Silicon On Insulator ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Radiation Hardened ◽  
Post Implantation ◽  
Very High

Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structures have excellent potential for future use in radiation hardened and high speed integrated circuits. For device fabrication in SOI material a high quality superficial Si layer above a buried oxide layer is required. Recently, Celler et al. reported that post-implantation annealing of oxygen implanted SOI at very high temperatures would eliminate virtually all defects and precipiates in the superficial Si layer. In this work we are reporting on the effect of three different post implantation annealing cycles on the structure of oxygen implanted SOI samples which were implanted under the same conditions.

Performance and applications of a field-emission gun TEM/STEM

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 942-943
Author(s):  
Judith M. Brock ◽  
Max T. Otten ◽  
Marc. J.C. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Field Emission ◽  
High Resolution Imaging ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Small Energy ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
Small Probe ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Convergent Beam ◽  
Beam Patterns ◽  
Beam Diffraction

A Field Emission Gun (FEG) on a TEM/STEM instrument provides a major improvement in performance relative to one equipped with a LaB6 emitter. The improvement is particularly notable for small-probe techniques: EDX and EELS microanalysis, convergent beam diffraction and scanning. The high brightness of the FEG (108 to 109 A/cm2srad), compared with that of LaB6 (∼106), makes it possible to achieve high probe currents (∼1 nA) in probes of about 1 nm, whilst the currents for similar probes with LaB6 are about 100 to 500x lower. Accordingly the small, high-intensity FEG probes make it possible, e.g., to analyse precipitates and monolayer amounts of segregation on grain boundaries in metals or ceramics (Fig. 1); obtain high-quality convergent beam patterns from heavily dislocated materials; reliably detect 1 nm immuno-gold labels in biological specimens; and perform EDX mapping at nm-scale resolution even in difficult specimens like biological tissue.The high brightness and small energy spread of the FEG also bring an advantage in high-resolution imaging by significantly improving both spatial and temporal coherence.

Epitaxial growth manner and structure of superconducting oxide films

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 2-3
Author(s):  
Yoshichika Bando ◽  
Takahito Terashima ◽  
Kenji Iijima ◽  
Kazunuki Yamamoto ◽  
Kazuto Hirata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrathin Films ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Epitaxial Films ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
In Situ Growth ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Activated Reactive Evaporation

The high quality thin films of high-Tc superconducting oxide are necessary for elucidating the superconducting mechanism and for device application. The recent trend in the preparation of high-Tc films has been toward “in-situ” growth of the superconducting phase at relatively low temperatures. The purpose of “in-situ” growth is to attain surface smoothness suitable for fabricating film devices but also to obtain high quality film. We present the investigation on the initial growth manner of YBCO by in-situ reflective high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) technique and on the structural and superconducting properties of the resulting ultrathin films below 100Å. The epitaxial films have been grown on (100) plane of MgO and SrTiO, heated below 650°C by activated reactive evaporation. The in-situ RHEED observation and the intensity measurement was carried out during deposition of YBCO on the substrate at 650°C. The deposition rate was 0.8Å/s. Fig. 1 shows the RHEED patterns at every stage of deposition of YBCO on MgO(100). All the patterns exhibit the sharp streaks, indicating that the film surface is atomically smooth and the growth manner is layer-by-layer.

Serial thin sectioning for pre- and post-embedding immunohistochemistry: Achieving consistent and reliable results for a 3-D reconstruction

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
Antonia M. Milroy
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Serial Sectioning ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
High Quality ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Multiple User ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
Subcellular Level

In recent years many new techniques and instruments for 3-Dimensional visualization of electron microscopic images have become available. Higher accelerating voltage through thicker sections, photographed at a tilt for stereo viewing, or the use of confocal microscopy, help to analyze biological material without the necessity of serial sectioning. However, when determining the presence of neurotransmitter receptors or biochemical substances present within the nervous system, the need for good serial sectioning (Fig. 1+2) remains. The advent of computer assisted reconstruction and the possibility of feeding information from the specimen viewing chamber directly into a computer via a camera mounted on the electron microscope column, facilitates serial analysis. Detailed information observed at the subcellular level is more precise and extensive and the complexities of interactions within the nervous system can be further elucidated.We emphasize that serial ultra thin sectioning can be performed routinely and consistently in multiple user electron microscopy laboratories. Initial tissue fixation and embedding must be of high quality.

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