Metacognitive deficits and social functioning in schizophrenia across symptom profiles: A latent class analysis

Functional deficits are a hallmark of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, but much debate still exists over why and how they originate. One model suggests that disturbances in social functioning are a result of metacognitive deficits or a failure to integrate information to form more complex ideas of themselves and others. It is unclear if this social dysfunction is present across different symptom presentations. We examined the relationship of metacognition, symptoms, and social functioning among a sample of adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders ( N = 334). A latent class analysis produced a four-class model. Groups were classified as follows: diffuse symptoms/moderately impaired social functioning (Class 1), positive and hostility symptoms/mildly impaired social functioning (Class 2), minimal symptoms/good social functioning (Class 3), and negative and cognitive symptoms/severely impaired social functioning (Class 4). Class 3 demonstrated better overall metacognitive capacity than both Classes 1 and 4 but did not differ significantly from Class 2. Classes 2 and 3 both demonstrated better interpersonal functioning than Classes 1 and 4. Together, these findings provide support for models of poor functioning that stem from fragmentation of an individual’s experience, leading to diminished abilities to form meaningful connections with others. Additional interpretations, limitations, and research implications are discussed.

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Latent class analysis identified phenotypes in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorder who engage in aggressive behaviour towards others

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.05.005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 60 ◽

pp. 86-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Lau ◽

M.P. Günther ◽

S. Kling ◽

J. Kirchebner

Keyword(s):

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Aggressive Behaviour ◽

Latent Class ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽

Case Histories ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Similarities And Differences ◽

Spectrum Disorders

AbstractPrior research on Hodgins’ (2008) typology of offenders with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) has revealed inconsistencies in the number of subgroups and the operationalization of the concept. This study addressed these inconsistencies by applying latent class analysis (LCA) based on the most frequently explored variables in prior research. This novel case-centred methodology identified similarities and differences between the subjects contained in the sample instead of the variables explored. The LCA was performed on 71 variables taken from data on a previously unstudied sample of 370 case histories of offenders with SSD in a centre for inpatient forensic therapies in Switzerland. Results were compared with Hodgins’ theoretically postulated patient typologies and confirm three separate homogeneous classes of schizophrenic delinquents. Previous inconsistencies and differences in operationalizations of the typology of offenders with SDD to be found in the literature are discussed.

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Latent Class Analysis of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Justice-Involved Juveniles: Association With Motivational and Emotional Aspects of Self-Harm Behavior

Criminal Justice and Behavior ◽

10.1177/0093854821998411 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 009385482199841

Author(s):

Melinda Reinhardt ◽

Zsolt Horváth ◽

Boglárka Drubina ◽

Gyöngyi Kökönyei ◽

Kenneth G. Rice

Keyword(s):

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Latent Class ◽

Juvenile Detention ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Detention Centers ◽

Self Injury ◽

Class 1 ◽

Emotional Aspects ◽

Self Harm ◽

Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Significantly higher rates of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) have been discovered among justice-involved juveniles. Our study aimed to discriminate homogeneous subgroups of justice-involved youth with different self-harm behavior characteristics based on latent class analysis. A total of 244 adolescents (92.6% boys; Mage = 16.99, SD = 1.28) in Hungarian juvenile detention centers completed measures of NSSI and dissociation. High-NSSI (Class 1; 9%), moderate-NSSI (Class 2; 42.6%), and low-NSSI (Class 3; 48.4%) profiles were detected relating to different forms of NSSI. Multiple comparisons showed that girls were members of Class 1 and 2 at higher rates and these subgroups showed significantly higher dissociation proportions than Class 3. Our findings pointed out diversity in self-harm profiles with different characteristics in terms of methods and severity of self-harm, experienced emotions, and other emotion regulation tendencies among justice-involved adolescents. These results suggest sophisticated treatment approaches to match variations in severity and presentation.

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Intersectional Discrimination Attributions and Health Outcomes Among American Older Adults: A Latent Class Analysis

The International Journal of Aging and Human Development ◽

10.1177/00914150211066560 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 009141502110665

Author(s):

Peiyi Lu ◽

Dexia Kong ◽

Mack Shelley ◽

Joan K. Davitt

Keyword(s):

Health Outcomes ◽

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Latent Class ◽

Physical Appearance ◽

Later Life ◽

National Origin ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Discrimination Group ◽

Class 1 ◽

High Discrimination

Guided by an intersectionality framework, this study examined intersectional discrimination attributions and their associations with health outcomes. Older respondents (aged ≥50) from the Health and Retirement Study in 2014-2015 were included ( N = 6286). Their reasons for discrimination (age, gender, sexual orientation, race, national origin, religion, financial status, weight, physical appearance, disability, and others) were examined. Latent class analysis examined the subgroup profiles. Six classes were identified: class 1 (54.52% of the sample) had no/minimal discrimination; Class 2 (21.89%) experienced primarily ageism; class 3 (8.81%) reported discrimination based on age/gender/national origin/race; class 4 (7.99%) attributed discrimination to financial/other reasons; class 5 (5.87%) experienced discrimination based on age/weight/physical appearance/disability; and class 6 (0.92%) perceived high discrimination. Intersectional discrimination was associated with poorer self-rated health and higher depressive symptoms compared to the no/minimal discrimination group. Multiple marginalized identities co-occur and contribute to discrimination. An intersectional approach is recommended to understand discrimination in later life.

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Work values: a latent class analysis of Korean employees

Higher Education Skills and Work-based Learning ◽

10.1108/heswbl-10-2021-0188 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Jinju Lee ◽

Yunsoo Lee ◽

Soo Jung Kim ◽

Ji Hoon Song

Keyword(s):

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Human Resource Development ◽

Human Resource ◽

Work Values ◽

Latent Class ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

National Level ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Content Type ◽

Class 1

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to identify latent classes of work values that influence the career choices of Korean workers through a person-centred approach. Because work values may be diverse in individuals, investigating the various combinations of those values will help understand individual's decisions to take, maintain and leave a job.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a total of 15,103 datasets collected at the national level in South Korea. Data were analyzed by using latent class analysis (LCA); a three-step approach was employed to address classification.FindingsAs the results of this study, Class 3, “seeking balanced work values rather than income,” presented the highest level of job satisfaction, whereas Class 1, “seeking job security and income,” exhibited the lowest.Originality/valueEmploying an assessment tool to identify the distinct combinations of work values that individuals possess and then providing them with appropriate training and development programs and customized Human Resource (HR) policies aligned with the classes will be essential tasks for HRD (Human Resource Development)/HRM (Human Resource Management) practitioners.

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Relationship of living historical memories and news source with national identity: A latent class analysis

Asian Journal Of Social Psychology ◽

10.1111/ajsp.12441 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Manyu Li ◽

Hanzhang Lin ◽

Maria Natalia Damayanti Maer

Keyword(s):

National Identity ◽

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Latent Class ◽

Class Analysis ◽

News Source ◽

Historical Memories ◽

Relationship Of

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The Effect of Child Sexual Abuse on Social Functioning in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260518779074 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 088626051877907 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniel López-Mongay ◽

Maribel Ahuir ◽

Josep Mª Crosas ◽

J. Blas Navarro ◽

José Antonio Monreal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexual Abuse ◽

Child Sexual Abuse ◽

Social Functioning ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorders

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Trustworthiness judgments are associated with interpersonal functioning in individuals with schizophrenia

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology ◽

10.1177/2043808719827094 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 204380871982709

Author(s):

Michal Hajdúk ◽

Dana Krajčovičová ◽

Miroslava Zimányiová ◽

Viera Kořínková ◽

Anton Heretik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Interactions ◽

Social Functioning ◽

Social Cognitive ◽

Cognitive Biases ◽

Interpersonal Functioning ◽

Future Research ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorders

Rapid and accurate trustworthiness judgments are important during successful day-to-day social interactions because they can influence the decision whether to approach someone and initiate social interaction. The aim of the present study was to analyze associations between these judgments and self-reported and clinician-rated social functioning. The sample consisted of 48 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 35 healthy controls matched for age, gender, and educational level. A trustworthiness task, subjective, and clinician-rated scales for social functioning were administered to both samples. Trustworthiness judgments did not differ between patients and healthy controls. Both groups were able to discriminate between trustworthy and untrustworthy faces. Trustworthiness ratings were associated with self-reported and clinician-rated measures of interpersonal functioning in patients with schizophrenia. Despite the absence of differences between groups, in patients with schizophrenia, a tendency to mistrust based on facial appearance was related to worse functional outcome, predominantly in the domain of disturbed interpersonal functioning. This study highlights the importance of future research into social–cognitive biases in schizophrenia.

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Academic performance and subtypes of psychological traits in undergraduate nursing students: A latent class analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-39742/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rui Li ◽

Wanqiong Zhou ◽

Jing Wu

Keyword(s):

Nursing Students ◽

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Latent Class ◽

Psychological Capital ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Undergraduate Nursing Students ◽

Psychological Traits ◽

Undergraduate Nursing ◽

Class 1

Abstract Background: Undergraduate nursing students often encounter emotional problems due to academic stress. However, researchers have primarily focused on the impact of stressors, rather than understanding the subtypes of psychological state among students.Objectives: To identify subgroups of psychological traits among undergraduate nursing students using latent class analysis (LCA), and to examine the relationship between subgroups and exam failure risk.Design and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed from May to July 2019. The Ruminative Responses Scale, Learning Burnout Questionnaire and Psychological Capital Scale were used to evaluate students’ psychological traits. Subjects were categorized into subgroups by latent class analysis. Cross-sectional comparisons and longitudinal regression analyses were subsequently performed.Settings and Participants: A total of 379 undergraduate nursing students from three medical colleges in Shanghai were investigated by cluster sampling method.Results: A total of four latent classes were identified based on the mean scores of rumination, learning burnout and psychological capital: Class 1 – General group (N=181, 47.76%); Class 2 – Negative psychologically dominated group (N=54, 14.25%); Class 3 – Positive psychologically dominated group (N=65, 17.15%); and Class 4 – Ambivalence psychological group (N=79, 20.84%). Students belonging into Class 1 and 2 displayed a higher rate of exam failure compared with those in Class 3 and 4 (p<0.05). Regression analysis showed that Class 1 (OR=2.108, 95%CI 1.240-4.118, p=0.006) and Class 2 (OR=2.694, 95%CI 1.229-6.293, p=0.016) independently predicted exam failure among undergraduate nursing students after adjusting for age, gender, grade and other academic related factors.Conclusions: Our findings provide practical implications for effective interventions that target each specific subgroup. Undergraduate nursing students with “Negative psychologically dominated group” were at a higher risk of exam failure. Urgent attention should be paid to address issues associated with psychological coping in students and their effect on learning outcomes.

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Thinking About the End of Life When It Is Near: A Comparison of German and Portuguese Centenarians

Research on Aging ◽

10.1177/0164027518807919 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 265-285

Author(s):

Kathrin Boerner ◽

Daniela S. Jopp ◽

Kyungmin Kim ◽

Abigail Butt ◽

Óscar Ribeiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Latent Class Analysis ◽

End Of Life ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Latent Class ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Class 1 ◽

Afterlife Beliefs

This study examined how common thinking of and planning for the end of life (EOL) is among German and Portuguese centenarians, and whether patterns of EOL views are shaped by cultural and individual characteristics. A significant portion of centenarians in both countries reported not thinking about the EOL, not believing in the afterlife, and not having made EOL arrangements. Latent class analysis identified three EOL patterns: Class 1 ( EOL thoughts with EOL arrangements and afterlife beliefs), Class 2 ( EOL arrangements and afterlife beliefs without EOL thoughts), and Class 3 ( Overall low endorsement of EOL items). The proportion of Portuguese centenarians was higher in Class 1 and of German centenarians higher in Classes 2 and 3. Centenarians’ demographic, social, and health characteristics were significantly different across EOL patterns. As lack of EOL planning can result in poor EOL quality, enhancing communication among centenarians, family, and health-care professionals seems imperative.

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