scholarly journals Study on drug use pattern in primary healthcare centers of Kathmandu valley

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 205031212092643
Author(s):  
Amrita Aryal ◽  
Asmita Dahal ◽  
Rajeev Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
World Health ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Primary Healthcare Centers

Background: The basic health service is a fundamental right of every citizen. Appropriate use of medicine is an essential component for the quality of health. Drug use evaluation is a systematic and criteria-based drug evaluation, which ensures the appropriate use of the drug. The purpose of this study was to analyze the drug use situation in primary healthcare centers of Kathmandu valley. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed in all primary healthcare centers of Kathmandu valley. Six hundred prescriptions were analyzed retrospectively, choosing a simple random sampling method for prescribing indicators. One hundred twenty patients were interviewed for patient-care indicators, and health facility representatives were interviewed for health facility indicators. Drug use indicators developed by World Health Organization/International Network for Rational Use of Drugs were used with slight modification. Result: The average number of drugs per encounter was 2.6. The percentage of drugs prescribed by generic names and from the essential medicine list was 60% and 80.9%, respectively. The prescriptions encounters with antibiotics and injections were 58% and 4.2%, respectively. The average consultation and dispensing time were 3.6 min and 54.4 s, respectively. The percentage of drugs actually dispensed was 76.6%. Only half of the patients knew the correct dose of the dispensed drug and no adequate labeling at all. The majority of dispensers were intern nursing students (42%), and all prescribers were medical officers. Ten out of 12 primary healthcare centers had a copy of EML. The availability of key drugs in primary healthcare centers was incomplete (64.7%). Conclusion: The observed values for all World Health Organization indicators deviated from the optimal range. Patient care provided by health facilities was insufficient and thus an effective intervention program for the promotion of rational drug use practice is recommended.

scholarly journals Examination of WHO/INRUD Core Drug Use Indicators at Public Primary Healthcare Centers in Kisii County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faith A. Okalebo ◽  
Eric M. Guantai ◽  
Aggrey O. Nyabuti
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Consultation Time ◽  
Primary Healthcare Centers

ABSTRACTBackgroundIrrational drug use is a global problem. However, the extent of the problem is higher in low-income countries. This study set out to assess and characterize drug use at the public primary healthcare centers (PPHCCs) in a rural county in Kenya, using the World Health Organization/ International Network for the Rational Use of Drugs (WHO/INRUD) core drug use indicators methodology.MethodsTen PPHCCs were randomly selected. From each PPHCC, ninety prescriptions from October to December 2018 were sampled and data extracted. Three-hundred (30 per PPHCC) patients and ten (1 per PPHCC) dispensers were also observed and interviewed. The WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators were used to assess the patterns of drug use.ResultsThe average number of drugs per prescription was 2.9 (SD 0.5) (recommended: 1.6– 1.8), percentage of drugs prescribed by generic names was 27.7% (recommended: 100%); the percentage of prescriptions with an antibiotic was 84.8% (recommended: 20.0–26.8%), and with an injection prescribed was 24.9% (recommended: 13.4–24.1%). The percentage of prescribed drugs from the Kenya Essential Medicines List was 96.7% (recommended: 100%). The average consultation time was 4.1 min (SD 1.7) (recommended: ≥10 min), the average dispensing time was 131.5 sec (SD 41.5) (recommended: ≥90 sec), the percentage of drugs actually dispensed was 76.3% (recommended: 100%), the percentage of drugs adequately labeled was 22.6% (recommended: 100%) and percentage of patients with correct knowledge of dispensed drugs was 54.7% (recommended: 100%). Only 20% of the PPHCCs had a copy of KEML available, and 80% of the selected essential drugs assessed were available.ConclusionThe survey shows irrational drug use practices, particularly polypharmacy, non-generic prescribing, overuse of antibiotics, short consultation time and inadequacy of drug labeling. Effective programs and activities promoting the rational use of drugs are the key interventions suggested at all the health facilities.

scholarly journals Examination of WHO/INRUD Core Drug Use Indicators at Public Primary Healthcare Centers in Kisii County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Aggrey O. Nyabuti ◽  
Faith A. Okalebo ◽  
Eric M. Guantai
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Consultation Time ◽  
Primary Healthcare Centers

Background. Irrational drug use is a global problem. However, the extent of the problem is higher in low-income countries. This study sets out to assess and characterize drug use at the public primary healthcare centers (PPHCCs) in a rural county in Kenya, using the World Health Organization/International Network for the Rational Use of Drugs (WHO/INRUD) core drug use indicators methodology. Methods. Ten PPHCCs were randomly selected. From each PPHCC, ninety prescriptions from October to December 2018 were sampled and data extracted. Three hundred (30 per PPHCC) patients and ten (1 per PPHCC) dispensers were also observed and interviewed. The WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators were used to assess the patterns of drug use. Results. The average number of drugs per prescription was 2.9 (SD 0.5) (recommended: 1.6–1.8), and the percentage of drugs prescribed by generic names was 27.7% (recommended: 100%); the percentage of prescriptions with an antibiotic was 84.8% (recommended: 20.0–26.8%), and with an injection prescribed was 24.9% (recommended: 13.4–24.1%). The percentage of prescribed drugs from the Kenya Essential Medicines List was 96.7% (recommended: 100%). The average consultation time was 4.1 min (SD 1.7) (recommended: ≥10 min), the average dispensing time was 131.5 sec (SD 41.5) (recommended: ≥90 sec), the percentage of drugs actually dispensed was 76.3% (recommended: 100%), the percentage of drugs adequately labeled was 22.6% (recommended: 100%), and the percentage of patients with correct knowledge of dispensed drugs was 54.7% (recommended: 100%). Only 20% of the PPHCCs had a copy of KEML available, and 80% of the selected essential drugs assessed were available. Conclusion. The survey shows irrational drug use practices, particularly polypharmacy, nongeneric prescribing, overuse of antibiotics, short consultation time, and inadequacy of drug labeling. Effective programs and activities promoting the rational use of drugs are the key interventions suggested at all the health facilities.

Evaluation of Drug Use Based on WHO Prescribing Indicator in Mizan- Tepi University Teaching Hospital, south Western Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Hambisa ◽  
Rediet Feleke ◽  
Ameha Zewudie ◽  
Mohammed Yimam
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization

Background:: Rational drug use comprises aspects of prescribing, dispensing and patient use of medicines for different health problems. This study is aimed to assess drug prescribing practice based on the world health organization prescribing indicators in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. Methods:: An institutional based retrospective cross sectional study was conducted to evaluate prescribing practices in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. Data were collected based on World health organization drug use indicators using prescription papers. 600 prescriptions dispensed through the general outpatient pharmacy of the hospital were collected by systematic random sampling method from prescriptions written for a 1-year time in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. Results:: The present study found that the average number of drugs per prescription was 2.04 ± 0.87 in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital with a range between 1 and 5. Prescribing by generic name was 97.6 % and 47.8% of prescriptions contained antibiotics in the hospital. 27.7% of prescriptions contained at least one injectable medication in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. From prescribed drugs, 96.7% of them were prescribed from Ethiopian essential drug list. Conclusion:: Present study indicated that the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter, the percentage of generic prescribing and prescribing from the EDL were close to optimal value. However, the percentage of encounters with antibiotics and injections prescribed were found be very high. Thus, the study highlights some improvements in prescribing habits, particularly by focusing on the inappropriate consumption of antibiotics and injections.

Evaluation of rational drug use based on World Health Organization prescribing indicators in a primary care center in Pamekasan East Java, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eko Prasetio ◽  
Wahyu Utami ◽  
Zulhabri Othman ◽  
Ari Wardani ◽  
Abdul Rahem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Care Center ◽  
World Health ◽  
Primary Care Center ◽  
Prescribing Indicators ◽  
Rational Drug Use ◽  
Rational Drug ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractBackgroundThe Government of Indonesia has put in place many interventions for rationalizing drug use at all levels of the health services including in primary care centers (puskesmas). One of the programs for the rational use of drugs at the puskesmas is the monitoring and evaluation of drug use conducted by pharmacists. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the rationality of drug use in Pamekasan puskesmas that use World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators and to find the difference in the percentage of rationality of drug use between puskesmas in Pamekasan.MethodsThis study reviewed official documents considering reporting of rational drug use. The documents were obtained from the district health office or from the public domain from 2014 to 2018. Data were then collated, extracted, and presented as frequencies.ResultsThe percentage prescribed for antibiotics for acute respiratory infection (ARI) non-pneumonia was 47.27% and percentage prescribing antibiotic drugs in a non-specific diarrhea was 59.85%. The percentage prescribed for injection was 36.15%. The average number of drugs prescribed per treatment was 2.61.ConclusionsThe majority of WHO guidelines stated that prescribing indicators were not met by the puskesmas in Pamekasan, except for the parameters for the average number of drugs prescribed per consultation. This shows an alarming clarion call for the local healthcare stakeholders to improve such situations.

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