scholarly journals Epidemiological factors associated with health knowledge of three common eye diseases: A community-based pilot survey in Hong Kong

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 205031212094304
Author(s):  
Perseus WF Wong ◽  
Jordy KP Lau ◽  
Bonnie NK Choy ◽  
Kendrick C Shih ◽  
Alex LK Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Pilot Survey ◽  
Age Related

Objectives: To assess the proportions of respondents in the general community having heard or awareness, and their knowledge level, of three common eye diseases: age-related macular degeneration, cataract, and glaucoma. We also attempted to assess for risk factors that may be associated with any variations, which will help identify the areas of inadequate knowledge and demographics of potential audiences for focused health education. Methods: We conducted a community-based pilot survey for the residents from a southern suburb of Hong Kong in early 2016, by inviting all aged 50 or above to complete a standardized questionnaire in the local community hall. Results: Most of the 222 respondents have heard, or awareness, of cataract (92.79% or 81.98%, respectively), followed by glaucoma (86.94% or 52.70%, respectively), and age-related macular degeneration (51.35% or 29.28%, respectively). The results of Cronbach’s alpha (α > 0.7) and Spearman’s correlation coefficient (p < 0.01) suggested that the internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validities of the questionnaire were acceptable for the study population. Compared to a previous Hong Kong survey in 2002, the proportions of having heard of the three eye diseases were greater, but the overall knowledge remained limited. From a maximum knowledge score of 29, the median scores for age-related macular degeneration, cataract, and glaucoma were 9, 13, and 14, respectively. Except for the treatment of cataract, the knowledge level in most areas was low. Sociodemographic factors and medical history, rather than behavioral factors, were more likely to be associated with having a higher knowledge level. Subjects with family or friends with a history of glaucoma or age-related macular degeneration were more aware and knowledgeable, but not for subjects who were current and past smokers or alcohol drinkers. For age-related macular degeneration, gender modified the effect between age and knowledge level, while age was a confounder of having medical history, and having heard or awareness, of the disease. Conclusion: Despite a larger proportion of the community having heard or awareness since 15 years ago, much effort remains for improving health knowledge of these three eye diseases in Hong Kong. We recommend targeting respondents with higher lifestyle risks, such as current and past smokers or alcohol drinkers, as a focused audience, and utilizing family members, relatives, or friends as another way of distributing health information.

An Implantable Device Design Concept for Ocular Drug Delivery

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Hwan Lee ◽  
Ramana M. Pidaparti
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Ocular Drug Delivery ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Intravitreal Injections ◽  
Delivery Device ◽  
Drug Delivery Device ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Intraocular Hemorrhage

New drugs for curing eye diseases have been developing for a decade and are very unique for each eye diseases such as glaucoma, cataracts, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It is estimated that 1.6 million adults in the US over the age of 50 and above suffer from age-related macular degeneration and about 200,000 cases are diagnosed annually. Worldwide, about 500,000 cases are diagnosed annually [1]. Drugs currently utilized for AMD are delivered via repeated intravitreal injections of the drug into the eye. Risks of repeated intravitreal injections can include intraocular infections (endophthalmitis), intraocular hemorrhage, and retinal detachment. Also, reducing the frequency of dosing will clearly benefit the patient by reducing the need for risky intravitreal injections and improving the pharmacokinetics of the drug in the eye. The eye disease of posterior segment (Dry and Wet) has limits to deliver the drug to retina region using typical eye drop. The drug injection using a needle with syringe can deliver but it barely provide right amount of doses, or over doses that may cause more severe problem such as swelling, fatigue, and damaging photoreceptor molecules. Furthermore, most drugs run away in a month so that repeated injection is necessary. Developing an implantable drug delivery device will help reduce the costs and risks associated with frequent injections and facilitate delivering the drug in a controlled manner and in the required amounts, and improve therapeutic efficacy and safety of drugs. This study focuses on the design, simulation and development of the implantable ocular drug delivery device.

New Vessel Formation, Choroidal Neovascularization, and Causes

2017 ◽  
pp. 273-279
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Choroidal Neovascularization ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Vessel Formation ◽  
Age Related

Choroidal neovascularization is defined as the formation of new blood vessels located between the retinal pigment epithelium and the Bruch's membrane. The neovascular structure is taken origin from the choroid, crosses the Bruch membrane, and affects the photoreceptors with RPE. It is most frequently observed in Age-Related Macular Degeneration and less frequently in other eye diseases. This review mentions choroidal neovascularization and its causes as a general.

scholarly journals The prevalence of eye diseases in the elderly population is a global problem of modernity

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Konyaev ◽  
Evgenia B. Popova ◽  
Anton A. Titov ◽  
Nikolay M. Agarkov ◽  
Maksim M. Yablokov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Scientific Review ◽  
Age Related ◽  
High Prevalence

The priority problem of various industrial and developing countries, which largely determine the health of the population and, above all, older age groups, is currently eye diseases. Most modern researchers consider age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and cataracts to be eye diseases. Socially significant eye diseases have a high prevalence and are the leading cause of blindness in various countries. Authors analyzed the prevalence of glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and cataracts according to domestic and foreign publications in recent years. The results of the studies considered in the scientific review indicate a continuing gain in socially significant eye diseases, the frequency of which increases with age. The high incidence of the studied pathology is observed in China, India, and Russia. The study shows socially significant eye diseases to be the most critical problem in various countries, including the Russian Federation. The relevance of this pathology will increase due to the ongoing aging of the population and an increase in their share in the demographic structure of many states. The high prevalence of age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, and glaucoma leads to an increase in the number of people on the planet with complete or partial vision loss, which significantly disrupts their social functioning and requires significant financial costs for treatment and ensuring an acceptable level and quality of life. The data presented in the review and obtained results are of practical importance for the organization of monitoring of eye diseases and the development of an appropriate state and health strategy.

Features of angiogenesis in eye diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
T. A. Khalimov
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Based on the analysis of published data, the review provides information on the role and mechanisms of angiogenesis in the development of eye diseases. It has been shown that the developing inflammatory process associated with infections or damage to the organ of vision almost always leads to the appearance of newly formed vessels in the avascular cornea. The progression, in particular, of age-related macular degeneration is associated with the immune-mediated development of angiogenesis processes. A key inducer of angiogenesis is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), whose activity can be enhanced by a number of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNF-), growth (fibroblast growth factor, FGF) and transforming factors (transforming growth factor beta, TGF- ). In addition, VEGF overproduction is mediated by an imbalance of pro-angiogenic (angiogenin) and anti-angiogenic (angiostatin, vasostatin, endostatin; tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases) factors. Antiangiogenic activity based on inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been successfully used in the treatment of a number of eye diseases, such as exudative age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema, the pathogenesis of which is based on the growth of newly formed vessels. The review presents information on the main anti-angiogenic drugs for intravitreal administration, used in ophthalmology.

scholarly journals Public knowledge, attitudes and practices related to eye diseases in Southern Indian population

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4993
Author(s):  
Srinivasa Reddy Pallerla ◽  
Rohit C. Khanna ◽  
Krishnaiah Sannapaneni ◽  
Jill Keeffe
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Background: This study was conducted to determine the level of the public knowledge, attitudes and practices related to common eye diseases in the southern Indian population.Methods: A cross sectional population-based survey used a semi structured questionnaire on awareness, knowledge, attitude and practices related to eye diseases. Stratified multistage cluster random sampling method was used with a sample size of 867 adults >16 years based on, estimated awareness of cataract 70%, assuming an expected rate of 85%, design effect of 1.5, margin of error 4% with 95% confidence interval with 25% from urban areas and 75% from rural areas. A pilot study was conducted to validate the questions used in the main study. SPSS (version 19) used for analysis.Results: A total of 782/867 (90.1%) subjects participated in the survey, with females 47.4%. Awareness of major eye diseases for cataract 81.5%, glaucoma 47.8%, refractive error 74.3%, squint 89.0%, diabetic retinopathy 65.0% and age-related macular degeneration 36.7% respectively. 41.8% subjects reported wearing glasses either for distance, near or for both. Of the 777 subjects only 294 people underwent an eye examination by an ophthalmologist in the last two years (37.8%). 57.5% subjects had knowledge of the nearest eye care facility within five kilometers of their residence. Electronic media were the major source of information on eye health.Conclusions: Though the awareness levels of common eye diseases were quite high, the knowledge of cataract (10.4%) was poor. There is a need to increase the level of awareness for eye diseases like glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document