scholarly journals Cataract and associated factors among adults visiting ophthalmic clinic at Debre Markos comprehensive specialized hospital, northwest Ethiopia, 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212198963
Author(s):  
Mengistu Zelalem Wale ◽  
Mengist Derbew ◽  
Melkamu Tilahun ◽  
Mesenbet Terefe
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Debre Markos

Introduction: Globally, it is estimated that 2.2 billion people have a visual impairment, of which around 65.2 million is due to cataract. Cataract is the leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide, with the greatest burden found in low-income countries. That is providing recent epidemiological data is very crucial to design intervention measures. The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude and associated factors of cataract among adults visiting ophthalmic clinic, Debre Markos comprehensive specialized hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020. Methods: The sample size was calculated using single population formula and determined to be 174. All adult participants aged ⩾40 were the source population and those fulfilling the inclusion criteria were the study population. An institutional-based cross-sectional study design using a systematic random sampling technique was conducted from July to August, 2020. Semi-structured questionnaires and patients’ card were used to collect data. Data were entered into epi-data version 4.6 and the analysis was conducted using SPSS-25 software. Data were presented using graphs, tables and texts. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with cataract. Adjusted odds ratio with corresponding 95% confidence interval was computed to show the strength of association. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: From a total of 174 samples, 158 participated, giving a response rate of 90.8%. The prevalence of cataract was found to be 90 (57%). The variables—age 60–69 years (adjusted odds ratio = 6.667, 95% confidence interval: (1.662, 13.101)); age 70–79 years (adjusted odds ratio = 9.583, 95% confidence interval: (2.840, 32.342)), and single marital status (adjusted odds ratio = 2.945, 95% confidence interval: (1.241, 6.989))—had a significant association with cataract. Conclusion: The prevalence of cataract was found to be very high, which needs immediate intervention. Older age and single marital status were found to be significantly associated with cataract prevalence.

scholarly journals High Baseline CD4 Count and Exclusive Breastfeeding Are Associated with Lower Rates of Mother to Child HIV Transmission in Northwestern Uganda: A Two-Year Retrospective Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Izudi ◽  
Pontius Apangu ◽  
Francis Bajunirwe ◽  
Edgar Mulogo ◽  
Vincent Batwala
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Baseline ◽  
Health Organization

Background. Under Option B plus, the transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) along the Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) of HIV cascade remains unknown. We described HIV transmission along the EID cascade and determined associated factors at Arua Regional Referral Hospital, Northwestern Uganda. Methods. Data on 295 mother-baby pairs in EID care (January 2014 and April 2015) was extracted, cleaned, and analysed in STATA. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed. Independently associated factors were stated in adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and p-values. Results. 233 (89.0%) mothers were above 30 years, 251 (85.1%) were in World Health Organization (WHO) clinical stages I/II at enrolment, 170 (57.6%) attended antenatal care (ANC) visits during recent pregnancy, and 204 (69.1%) delivered in a health facility. Meanwhile, 257 (87.1%) HIV Exposed Infants (HEIs) received Nevirapine prophylaxis from birth up to 6 weeks and 245 (83.0%) were exclusively breastfed during the first 6 months. Of 295 mother-baby pairs, 25 (8.5%) HEIs turned HIV-positive along the EID cascade. Baseline maternal CD4 count of more than 500 cells/ul compared to less than 500 cells/ul (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.29; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.10–0.85; p = 0.024) and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in the first 6 months of delivery in contrast to not EBF in the first 6 months (AOR = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.52–0.55; p = 0.003) reduced HIV transmission. Meanwhile, ANC visits, place of delivery, time of Nevirapine initiation, and maternal antiretroviral therapy use were not significantly associated with infant HIV transmission. Conclusion. HIV transmission was high. High baseline CD4 count and exclusive breastfeeding reduced HIV transmission.

scholarly journals Urinary incontinence and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in public health facilities of Mekelle city, Tigray, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 174550652095200
Author(s):  
Arsema Berhe ◽  
Abayneh Alamer ◽  
Kiflom Negash ◽  
Belete Assefa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Pelvic Floor Muscle ◽  
Mekelle City

Background: Urinary incontinence is any involuntary leakage of urine. It has serious negative health impacts on quality of life in pregnant women. According to the scientific committee of the International Continence Society report, worldwide prevalence of urinary incontinence estimated ranges between 32% and 64% among pregnant women. However, there is scarcity of evidence on prevalence and associated factors of urinary incontinence in Ethiopia. Objective: The aims of this study were to assess prevalence and associated factors of urinary incontinence among pregnant women attending antenatal care in public health facilities of Mekelle city, Tigray, Ethiopia. Methodology: Institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Physical examination was done to assess the strength of pelvic floor muscles. The data were entered to EPI Info version 7 and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to investigate the factors associated with urinary incontinence. Results: Among 317 respondents, the prevalence of urinary incontinence was 23%. The contributing factors that had statistically significant association with urinary incontinence were gestational age (adjusted odds ratio: 9.6 (1.87–49.39, 95%), parity (adjusted odds ratio: 6.32 (1.48–27.05), 95% confidence interval), prior miscarriage (adjusted odds ratio: 6.28 (2.15–18.28), 95% confidence interval), constipation (adjusted odds ratio: 8.25 (3.12–21.84), 95% confidence interval), respiratory problem (adjusted odds ratio: 6.31 (2.05–19.43), 95% confidence interval), and weak pelvic floor muscle (adjusted odds ratio: 7.55 (2.51–22.67), 95% confidence interval). Conclusion: The prevalence of urinary incontinence is moderate compared to other studies. Gestational age, parity, prior miscarriage, having constipation, having respiratory problem, and weak pelvic floor muscle had significant association with urinary incontinence. This finding will help to increase the awareness of health care professionals involved in the care of pregnant women about urinary incontinence.

scholarly journals Incident Reporting Behaviours and Associated Factors among Nurses Working in Gondar University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eshetu Haileselassie Engeda
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Incident Reporting ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background. A comprehensive and systematic approach to incident reporting would help learn from errors and adverse events within a healthcare facility.Objective. The aim of the study was to assess incident reporting behaviours and associated factors among nurses.Methods. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 14 to 29, 2015. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were coded, entered into Epi Info 7, and exported to SPSS version 20 software for analysis. A multivariate logistic regression model was fitted and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to determine the strength of association.Results. The proportion of nurses who reported incidents was 25.4%. Training on incident reporting (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) [95% CI] 2.96 [1.34–6.26]), reason to report (to help patient) (AOR [95% CI] 3.08 [1.70–5.59]), fear of administrative sanctions (AOR [95% CI] 0.27 [0.12–0.58]), fear of legal penalty (AOR [95% CI] 0.09 [0.03–0.21]), and fear of loss of prestige among colleagues (AOR [95% CI] 0.25 [0.12–0.53]) were significantly associated factors with the incident reporting behaviour of nurses.Conclusion and Recommendation. The proportion of nurses who reported incidents was very low. Establishing a system which promotes incident reporting is vital.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF UNDER NUTRITION AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PEOPLE OF OLD AGE IN DEBRE MARKOS TOWN, NORTHWEST ETHIOPIA, 2015

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Z.K. Adhana ◽  
G.H. Tessema ◽  
G.A. Getie
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Meal Frequency ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
Eating Difficulty ◽  
Debre Markos ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Malnutrition is defined as a disproportion of nutrients caused by either an excess intake of nutrients or a nutritional deficit. One of the most common nutritional problems in older people (aged 60 years and over) is under nutrition. Worldwide studies revealed that the prevalence of under nutrition in people of old age is high. Objective: To assess the prevalence of under nutrition and its associated factors among old people in Debre Markos town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2015. Methods and materials: A cross sectional study design was conducted among 423 study subjects of old age in Debre Markos town from August 4 to August 30, 2015. Primary data was collected using a pre tested Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form (MNA-SF) screening tool and structured questionnaires by trained data collectors. The data that was collected was entered and cleaned using EpiData version 3.1 statistical software then exported to the SPSS version 20 statistical package for further data analysis. Descriptive statistics of frequency, tables and graphs were used and summary measures were calculated to determine the prevalence of under nutrition. The data was also used to describe the distribution of the independent variables among study subjects. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to calculate crude and adjusted odds ratios in order to identify factors associated with under nutrition of study participants at 0.05 level of significance. Result: The prevalence of under nutrition among study participants was found to be 22.7% (95%CI 18.7-26.7). A number of independent variables have a significant association with under nutrition, including gender (females (AOR 7.95 95% CI (2.86, 22.08)), age (Oldest Old and Middle Old, (AOR=3.45 95%CI (1.44, 8.26) and (AOR=5.25, 95%CI (2.48, 11.13) respectively), marital status (widowed elderly individuals (ARO 3.29 95 % CI (1.54, 7.06)), individuals with eating difficulty (AOR 10.73 95 % CI (4.49, 25.63), individuals with vision problems (AOR 5.67 95 % CI (2.80, 11.48) and meal frequency (ARO 6.71 95 % CI (3.31, 13.63). Conclusion and recommendation: Prevalence of under nutrition among study participants was 22.7%. Gender, age, marital status, eating difficulty, visual problems and meal frequency were found to be independent determinant factors of under nutrition among study subjects. The government, family members and other stakeholders should give more attention to older individuals especially older females.

scholarly journals Neonatal Near Miss and its associated factors at Injibara General Hospital, Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habtamu Gebrehana Belay ◽  
Simachew Kassa Limenih ◽  
Toyiba Hiyaru Wassie ◽  
Minale Bezie Ambie
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Awi Zone ◽  
Heart Rate Pattern ◽  
Neonatal Near Miss

Abstract Background: Neonatal mortality is a significant problem in many low-resource countries, yet for every death there are many more new-born who suffer a life-threatening complication but survive. Neonatal near miss has been proposed as a tool for assessment of quality of care in neonates who suffered any life-threatening condition. However, there was limited evidence on magnitude of neonatal near miss and determinant factors in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess proportion and associated factors of neonatal near miss among deliveries at Injibara General Hospital, Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019. Methods: Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted from February 1, 2019 to April 30, 2019 among 404 live births. Structured and pretested questioner used for mothers and structured checklist for neonates. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions model were fitted to identify factors associated with neonatal near miss. An adjusted odds ratio with 95 % confidence interval (CI) was computed to determine the level of significant. Result: Proportion of neonatal near miss was found to be 23.3 % with 95% CI: (19.1% -27.7%). Primiparous[Adjusted odds ratio(AOR):2.01, 95%CI:(1.03-3.95)], referral linkage [AOR:3.23, 95%CI:(1.89-5.513)], maternal perception of reduced fetal movement[AOR:5.95, 95%CI:2.47-14.33], premature rupture of membrane [AOR: 3.10, 95%CI: (1.27-5.59)], prolonged labor [AOR: 3.00, 95%CI:(1.28-7.06)], obstructed labor/cephalo-pelvic disproportion [AOR: 4.05; 95%CI: (1.55-10.57)] and non-reassuring fetal heart rate pattern [AOR: 3.75, 95%CI: (1.69-8.33)] were significantly associated with neonatal near miss. Conclusion: Proportion of neonatal near miss in the study area was found to be higher than studies in WHO neonatal near miss systemic review. Strength referral linkage and efforts needed to continue compressive maternal and neonatal care to avoid preventable causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Prevalence of depressive symptoms due to COVID-19 and associated factors among healthcare workers in Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110328
Author(s):  
Zelalem Jabessa Wayessa ◽  
Girma Tufa Melesse ◽  
Elias Amaje Hadona ◽  
Wako Golicha Wako
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
The West

Objectives: Globally, novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly since it was first identified and challenging the provision of essential services for low-resource countries. Healthcare workers involved in providing care are at high risk of developing mental health problems. The aim of this was to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms due to COVID-19 and associated factors among healthcare workers in the West Guji zone in public health facilities, southern Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in public health facilities found in the West Guji zone. A simple random sampling technique was employed to select 283 study subjects. This study was used to assess the prevalence of depression symptoms using Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21, a depression subscale. Descriptive statistics, binary and multiple logistic regressions were used. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence interval will be estimated to assess the strength of associations and statistical significance will be declared at a p-value < 0.05. Results: Out of 283 eligible healthcare workers, 275 respondents had participated in this study with a 97.2% response rate. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 21.5%. The independent predictors associated with depressive symptoms due to COVID-19 were age (adjusted odds ratio = 2.35, 95% confidence interval = 1.126–3.95), family size (adjusted odds ratio = 3.56, 95% confidence interval = 1.09–11.62), alcohol use (adjusted odds ratio = 4.31, 95% confidence interval = 1.76–10.55), medical illness (adjusted odds ratio = 9.56, 95% confidence interval = 3.71–24.59), having training on COVID-19 (adjusted odds ratio = 0.37, 95% confidence interval = 0.17–0.81), and lack of knowledge on COVID-19 (adjusted odds ratio = 15.34, 95% confidence interval = 6.32–37.21). Conclusion: The prevalence of depressive symptoms among healthcare workers due to COVID-19 was high. Factors associated with depressive symptoms were age, family size, alcohol use, medical illness, having training on COVID–19, and lack of knowledge on COVID-19.

scholarly journals Delay in maternal near miss case and associated factors among women admitted in Felege Hiwot comprehensive specialized hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amsalu Worku Mekonnin ◽  
Endalkachew Worku Mengesha ◽  
Getu Dinku
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
Obstetric Complications ◽  
Maternal Near Miss ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specialized Hospital

Abstract Background: The current discrepancies in maternal mortality and near miss cases of high and low income countries are usually due to the differences in timely management of obstetric complications and the differences in time management comes up with idea of delay in receiving obstetric care. For each maternal death there will be 20 others that suffer as maternal near miss cases worldwide. This study aimed to assess delay of maternal near miss (MNM) and associated factors among women in Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (FHCSH), Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: Cross sectional facility based study was conducted among 287 women who were managed as MNM from May 2018 to September 30, 2018. A checklist and structured questionnaire was used to retrieve information from the patient and her medical document. The collected data was cleaned, coded and entered for analysis. The results were presented in tables. Binary and multiple logistic regression analysis were calculated at 95 % CI.Results: There were 2694 patients admitted in wards in the study period and proportion of maternal near miss was 10.65% with maternal near miss mortality ratio of 31.9 and mortality index of 3%. From all maternal near misses studied 44.3% had first delay and 35% had second delay with 51.2% had third delay. Seventy four percent of them had at least one delay. Determinant factors identified were rural residence [AOR, 3.2 P = 0.001], distance more than 10 Kms away from hospital [AOR, 2.18, p =0.025], lack of ambulance [AOR, 3.9 P= 0.009] and lack of awareness on obstetric complications [AOR,27.9, p = 0.001] which were statistically associated with any maternal delay. Conclusion: Maternal near miss proportion is still high in study site and majority of them had at least one delay in receiving care which needs an intervention at community and low level health institutions.

scholarly journals The magnitude of anemia and associated factors among adult diabetic patients in Tertiary Teaching Hospital, Northern Ethiopia, 2019, cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0240678
Author(s):  
Nigus Alemu Hailu ◽  
Tesfaye Tolessa ◽  
Zenawi Hagos Gufue ◽  
Etsay Weldekidan Tsegay ◽  
Kidanemaryam Berhe Tekola
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Diabetic Clinic ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Teaching ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Background Patients with Diabetic Mellitus are at higher risk of different complications. Many previous studies show that anemia among diabetic patients is poorly diagnosed. Objective This study aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of anemia among adult diabetes patients having regular follow up at the diabetic clinic of Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tigray, 2018/19. Methods This study was conducted the Diabetic clinic of Ayder comprehensive specialized hospital, Tigray regional state, Northern Ethiopia from January to March 2019. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. About 5 ml of venous blood was collected by experienced laboratory technologists under a complete aseptic technique. Two ml of the venous blood was used for hemoglobin determination. And three ml of the venous blood was used without any anticoagulant for creatinine determination. The association of variables was assessed using bivariate and multivariable analysis in the logistic regression model with p-value, odds ratio, and 95% CI in the SPSS version 24 software. Results From a total of 262 diabetes patients, forty-seven (17.9%) were found to be anemic (6.7% males and 11.5% females). Among the related factors, residency (Adjusted Odds Ratio, 7.69, 95% CI, 2.060, 28.69, p = 0.002,), age of the patients (Adjusted Odds Ratio, 4.007, 95%CI, 1.53–10.51, p = 0.005,) and sex (Adjusted Odds Ratio, 3.434, 95% CI, 1.582, 7.458, p = 0.042,) were significantly associated with anemia. Conclusion According to this study, the magnitude of anemia is high among diabetic patients. Occupation of the participants, residency, HIV status, being female, and age was significantly associated with anemia.

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