scholarly journals Punishing campus protesters based on ideology

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 205316801989212
Author(s):  
Jason Giersch
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
Political Bias ◽  
Two Samples

Recent protests on university campuses have inspired conservative claims that liberals allow partisanship to color their judgement of disorderly activists. Prior research suggests, however, that both ideologies are prone to political bias. Furthermore, because conservatives are typically more concerned with orderliness and authority, there are theoretical reasons to expect conservatives to respond more forcefully to protests than liberals, especially when those protesters are political opponents. Using an experimental design with two samples, one with Mechanical Turk participants and the other with current college students, the study finds support for the hypotheses that (1) conservatives are more punitive towards protesters than liberals, (2) both ideologies are more likely to punish when protesters are their political opponents, and (3) conservatives’ responses to protesters are more sensitive to their ideology than liberals’. These results support recent studies of the psychology of political ideology and punitiveness.

Guilty Pleasure? Communicating Sexually Explicit Content on Dating Apps and Disillusionment with App Usage

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-85
Author(s):  
Sylvia Niehuis ◽  
Alan Reifman ◽  
Dana A Weiser ◽  
Narissra M Punyanunt-Carter ◽  
Jeanne Flora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Sexual Content ◽  
Expectancy Violations ◽  
Dating Apps ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Sexually Explicit ◽  
Explicit Content

Abstract Some people send or receive sexually explicit images or messages when using dating apps. Seeing unwanted content may produce adverse effects, consistent with expectancy violations theory (EVT), and disillusion some users. To test links between encountering sexually explicit materials and dating app disillusionment (with oneself, with others, and regret over app usage), we surveyed two samples of dating app users. Study 1 (n = 531 college students) focused on Tinder, whereas Study 2 (n = 209 Mechanical Turk workers) examined dating apps broadly. In each study, a latent class analysis sorted users into four groups, based on their dating app engagement with sexual content. Participants who rarely exchanged and did not enjoy sexual content were most regretful, as even one bad experience might have violated their expectations. Contrary to EVT, participants with high enjoyment of explicit materials felt disillusioned with themselves. Participants citing relationship-seeking purposes for app usage were highly disillusioned when heavily involved with explicit content.

Repetitive Psychometric Measures: Equating Alternate Forms

1964 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis J. Moran ◽  
James P. Kimble ◽  
Roy B. Mefferd
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
The Other ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Alternate Form ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Psychometric Measures ◽  
Alternate Forms

The 20 alternate forms of five psychometric measures (Number Facility, Visualization, Speed of Perception, Speed of Closure, and Flexibility of Closure) were administered to two samples of 544 and 508 college students. All alternate forms but that for Number Facility were found to be reliably different in difficulty level. Statistical weights derived from either sample were found to decrease variability of alternate form means in the other sample. Correction factors were provided for the 20 alternate forms of all but the Number Facility measure.

Mixed- versus Unmixed-List Designs in Paired-Associate Learning

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1191-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chizuko Izawa
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Paired Associate ◽  
Mixed List ◽  
Paired Associate Learning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
Associate Learning ◽  
Unmixed List ◽  
Fluctuation Model

Investigations of a new experimental variable from the arrangements of reinforcements (R) and tests (T) in paired-associate learning were furthered by a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experimental design: 64 college students learned two lists of 12 pairs, one with unmixed list (Exp. I) and the other with mixed list (Exp. II). Four repetitive experimental sequences in each experiment were RTRT …, RRTRRT. … RTTRTT …, and RRTTRRTT. … No significant differences were found between mixed- and unmixed-list designs for any given statistic examined. The findings indicate that individual pairs in a given condition were learned relatively independently of those in the other conditions within a list. The present results were close replications of the previous study by Izawa (1966a) and support the stimulus fluctuation model.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF POWER AND SOCIAL DISTANCE ON FAIRNESS PERCEPTION IN THE MULTIPLAYER ECONOMIC GAME

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueying Li ◽  
◽  
Xilei Wang ◽  
Wenwu Dai ◽  
Ning Jia
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
High Power ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Fairness Perception ◽  
Distribution Scheme

"Objective: The goal of this research was to explore the influence of power and social distance on individual fair perception in the context of income. Methods: College students were selected to investigate and 197 answers, including 58 boys and 139 girls. Average age was 22.01 years (SD=2.52). The subjects were randomly divided into different groups, including 62 mothers ,75 friends and 60 strangers. The experimental design was 2[power: low power(be a responder), high power(be an allocators)]×3[social distance: near (mother), middle (friend), far (stranger)] mixed experimental design. There is one allocator and two responders in the game. The experiment was divided into two subtasks according to the role of the participants: Subtask 1, stranger A is allocator, the participant is one responder, and the other responder is Mother/Friend/Stranger B. Subtask 2, the participant is allocator, stranger A is one responder, the other responder is still Mother/Friend/Stranger B. Results: (1) The participants had a lower sense of fairness to the same distribution scheme when their role changed from responder to allocator. (2) When friends and strangers got more money than themselves, the participants had a lower sense of fairness. (3) No matter what kind of distribution scheme, as long as the sum of the amount of money received by the participant and his mother is the same, he had the same fairness perception. Conclusion: First, the change of power will affect the individual's fair perception, and the higher demand for fairness after the power increases; Second, the influence of social distance reflects the characteristics of the Chinese self, that is, the self of Chinese people contains his/her mother."

Whither the people in the ASEAN Community?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
See Seng Tan
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Management Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
The People ◽  
Droits Humains ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

Abstract: The longstanding effort to develop a people-based regionalism in Southeast Asia has been shaped by an inherent tension between the liberal inclination to privilege the individual and the community under formation, on the one hand, and the realist insistence on the primacy of the state, on the other. This article explores the conditions and constraints affecting ASEAN’s progress in remaking Southeast Asia into a people-focused and caring community in three areas: disaster management, development, and democratization (understood here as human rights). Arguably, the persistent gap in Southeast Asia between aspiration and expectation is determined less by political ideology than by the pragmatic responses of ASEAN member states to the forces of nationalism and protectionism, as well as their respective sense of local and regional responsibility.Resumen: El esfuerzo histórico para desarrollar un regionalismo basado en las personas del sudeste de Asia ha estado marcado por una tensión fundamental entre la inclinación liberal de privilegiar el individuo y la comunidad y la insistencia realista sobre la primacía del estado. Este artículo explora las condiciones y limitaciones que afectan el progreso de la ASEAN en la reestructuración de Asia sudoriental en una comunidad centrada en el cuidado de las personas en: gestión de desastres, desarrollo y democratización (i.e., derechos humanos). La brecha persistente en el sudeste asiático entre la aspiración y la expectativa está determinada por las respuestas pragmáticas de los miembros de la ASEAN sometidos a las fuerzas del nacionalismo y proteccionismo, así como su respectivo sentido de responsabilidad local y regional.Résumé: L’effort historique pour développer un régionalisme fondé sur les peuples en Asie du Sud-Est a été marqué par une tension fondamentale entre l’inclination libérale qui privilégie, d’une part, l’individu et la communauté et, d’autre part, l’insistance réaliste sur la primauté de l’État. Cet article explore les conditions et les contraintes qui nuisent aux progrès de l’ANASE dans le cadre d’une refonte de l’Asie du Sud-Est en une communauté centrée et attentive aux peuples dans trois domaines : la gestion des désastres, le développement et la démocratisation (en référence aux droits humains). Le fossé persistant en Asie du Sud-Est entre les aspirations et les attentes est vraisemblablement moins déterminé par l’idéologie politique que par les réponses pragmatiques des États membres de l’ANASE soumis aux forces du nationalisme et du protectionnisme ainsi que par leur sens respectif de la responsabilité locale et régionale.

Performance of two combine harvester header in soybean crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
E. M. Samogim ◽  
T. C. Oliveira ◽  
Z. N. Figueiredo ◽  
J. M. B. Vanini
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
The Other ◽  
Combine Data ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
And Performance

The combine harvest for soybean crops market are currently available two types of combine with header or platform, one of conventional with revolving reel with metal or plastic teeth to cause the cut crop to fall into the auger header and the other called "draper" headers that use a fabric or rubber apron instead of a cross auger, there are few test about performance of this combine header for soybean in Mato Grosso State. The aim of this work was to evaluate the soybean harvesting quantitative losses and performance using two types combine header in four travel speed. The experiment was conducted during soybean crops season 2014/15, the farm Tamboril in the municipality of Pontes e Lacerda, State of Mato Grosso. The was used the experimental design of randomized blocks, evaluating four forward harvesting speeds (4 km h-1, 5 km h-1, 6 km h-1 and 7 km h-1), the natural crops losses were analyzed, loss caused by the combine harvester (combine header, internal mechanisms and total losses) and was also estimated the  field performance of each combine. Data were submitted to analysis of variance by F test and compared of the average by Tukey test at 5% probability. The results show the draper header presents a smaller amount of total loss and in most crop yield when compared with the conventional cross auger.

scholarly journals Hardening Properties of Cheeses by Latilactobacillus curvatus PD1 Isolated from Hardened Cheese-Ddukbokki Rice Cake

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1044
Author(s):  
Jeong A Kim ◽  
Geun Su Kim ◽  
Se Mi Choi ◽  
Myeong Seon Kim ◽  
Do Young Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Leuconostoc Mesenteroides ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rice Cake ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
High Protease Activity

Hardening of cheese is one of major issues that degrade the quality of Home Meal Replacement (HMR) foods containing cheese such as Cheese-ddukbokki rice cake (CD, stir-fried rice cakes with shredded cheese). The quality of cheese, such as pH, proteolytic, and flavor properties, depends on various lactic acid bacteria (LAB) used in cheese fermentation. The hardening of cheese is also caused by LAB. In this study, various LAB strains were isolated from CD samples that showed rapid hardening. The correlation of LAB with the hardening of cheese was investigated. Seven of the CD samples with different manufacturing dates were collected and tested for hardening properties of cheese. Among them, strong-hardening of cheese was confirmed for two samples and weak-hardening was confirmed for one sample. All LAB in two strong-hardening samples and 40% of LAB in one weak-hardening sample were identified as Latilactobacillus curvatus. On the other hand, most LAB in normal cheese samples were identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Lactobacillus casei. We prepared cheese samples in which L. curvatus (LC-CD) and L. mesenteroides (LM-CD) were most dominant, respectively. Each CD made of the prepared cheese was subjected to quality test for 50 days at 10 °C. Hardening of cheese with LC-CD dominant appeared at 30 days. However, hardening of cheese with LM-CD dominant did not appear until 50 days. The pH of the LC-CD was 5.18 ± 0.04 at 30 days, lower than that of LM-CD. The proteolytic activity of LC-CD sample was 2993.67 ± 246.17 units/g, higher than that of LM-CD sample (1421.67 ± 174.5 units/g). These results indicate that high acid production and high protease activity of L. curvatus might have caused hardening of cheese.

Pressure Drop Measurements for Air Flow Through Open-Cell Aluminum Foam

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihad Dukhan ◽  
Angel Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Aluminum Foam ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Turbulent Regime ◽  
Thick Sample ◽  
Open Cell ◽  
Two Samples

Wind-tunnel pressure drop measurements for airflow through two samples of forty-pore-per-inch commercially available open-cell aluminum foam were undertaken. Each sample’s cross-sectional area perpendicular to the flow direction measured 10.16 cm by 24.13 cm. The thickness in the flow direction was 10.16 cm for one sample and 5.08 cm for the other. The flow rate ranged from 0.016 to 0.101 m3/s for the thick sample and from 0.025 to 0.134 m3/s for the other. The data were all in the fully turbulent regime. The pressure drop for both samples increased with increasing flow rate and followed a quadratic behavior. The permeability and the inertia coefficient showed some scatter with average values of 4.6 × 10−8 m2 and 2.9 × 10−8 m2, and 0.086 and 0.066 for the thick and the thin samples, respectively. The friction factor decayed with the Reynolds number and was weakly dependent on the Reynolds number for Reynolds number greater than 35.

Reframing and Wisdom within Proverbs

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Tracy ◽  
Nicholas Greco ◽  
Erika Felix ◽  
Donald F. Kilburg
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Proactive Coping ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Reading Grade Level ◽  
Thinking Strategies ◽  
Difficult Situations ◽  
Silver Lining

Many proverbs seem to convey wisdom because they help people to reframe life's predicaments. Positive reframes, such as Every cloud has a silver lining, often draw positive implications from adverse circumstances (cf. “positive reappraisals,” “gain frames”). In contrast, negative reframes, such as All that glitters is not gold, provide helpful warnings about difficult situations, and therefore encourage proactive coping (cf. “problem-focused coping”). This study examined the validity of the distinction between positive and negative reframes and whether the distinction applies to proverbs. Six judges categorized 199 proverbs as positive or negative reframes. Results showed that the positive reframes were rated by college students as more pleasant, conceptually simpler, and more familiar than the negative reframes. Further, proverbs that were composed by students were of higher quality when they were positive rather than negative reframes. On the other hand, positive and negative reframes occurred similarly often among the 199 proverbs, and did not differ consistently in rated truth, rated imagery arousal, or reading grade level. We concluded that many proverbs can be regarded as positive or negative reframes, which constitute basic thinking strategies that help people cope with life's challenges.

Social Distance Evaluations in White and African-American Students

1995 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 478-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lee Hoxter ◽  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
African American ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
White Students ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
African American Students ◽  
The Other ◽  
African American Adults ◽  
American Students

Among 241 college students, both white and African-American adults were less willing to be personal friends with people of the other ethnic group than with people of their own ethnic group. African-American students were also less willing to be friends with Asian Americans than were white students.

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