scholarly journals Lexical Competition and Change: A Corpus-Assisted Investigation of Gambling and Gaming in the Past Centuries

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402095127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longxing Li ◽  
Chu-Ren Huang ◽  
Vincent Xian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sports Betting ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Lexical Competition ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Gaming Industry ◽  
Google Books ◽  
Near Synonyms ◽  
Diachronic Changes

This article investigates the interplay of lexical competition and socio-historical events through a close examination of the use of gambling and gaming based on large-scale synchronic and diachronic corpora. We first set the background for comparison through a synchronic study of the collocational patterns and grammatical relations of the two words using Sketch Engine. We show that gambling tends to be associated with negatively perceived activities and strong disapproval, whereas gaming tends to collocate with recreational activities, business, and technology. Using Google Books Ngram Viewer, we focus on the drastic diachronic changes in use of the two words, from competition to co-development. Based on corpora trends, we correlate the rise and fall of the two words and the change in their competition relation to particular socio-historical events: gold rushes, sports betting, the popularity of video games, and the gaming industry boom. The classical competition model of near synonyms remained valid until recent socio-economic events introduced additional and unique meanings for both words. The article thus shows that linguistic variations as collective human behavior changes can be leveraged to evidence other collective human behavior changes.

Exploiting Social Networks for Large-Scale Human Behavior Modeling

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas D. Lane ◽  
Ye Xu ◽  
Hong Lu ◽  
Andrew T. Campbell ◽  
Tanzeem Choudhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Behavior Modeling ◽  
Human Behavior Modeling

Maybe it helps to be conscious, after all

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy F. Baumeister ◽  
Kathleen D. Vohs ◽  
E. J. Masicampo
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Unconscious Processes ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Conscious Processes

AbstractPsychologists debate whether consciousness or unconsciousness is most central to human behavior. Our goal, instead, is to figure out how they work together. Conscious processes are partly produced by unconscious processes, and much information processing occurs outside of awareness. Yet, consciousness has advantages that the unconscious does not. We discuss how consciousness causes behavior, drawing conclusions from large-scale literature reviews.

scholarly journals Emotions in online rumor diffusion

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Pröllochs ◽  
Dominik Bär ◽  
Stefan Feuerriegel
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Linear Regression Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Time Horizons ◽  
Spreading Dynamics ◽  
Diffusion Dynamics ◽  
Generalized Linear Regression

AbstractEmotions are regarded as a dominant driver of human behavior, and yet their role in online rumor diffusion is largely unexplored. In this study, we empirically study the extent to which emotions explain the diffusion of online rumors. We analyze a large-scale sample of 107,014 online rumors from Twitter, as well as their cascades. For each rumor, the embedded emotions were measured based on eight so-called basic emotions from Plutchik’s wheel of emotions (i.e., anticipation–surprise, anger–fear, trust–disgust, joy–sadness). We then estimated using a generalized linear regression model how emotions are associated with the spread of online rumors in terms of (1) cascade size, (2) cascade lifetime, and (3) structural virality. Our results suggest that rumors conveying anticipation, anger, and trust generate more reshares, spread over longer time horizons, and become more viral. In contrast, a smaller size, lifetime, and virality is found for surprise, fear, and disgust. We further study how the presence of 24 dyadic emotional interactions (i.e., feelings composed of two emotions) is associated with diffusion dynamics. Here, we find that rumors cascades with high degrees of aggressiveness are larger in size, longer-lived, and more viral. Altogether, emotions embedded in online rumors are important determinants of the spreading dynamics.

scholarly journals Preventing harassment and increasing group participation through social norms in 2,190 online science discussions

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (20) ◽  
pp. 9785-9789 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nathan Matias
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Online Discussions ◽  
Group Participation ◽  
Community Norms ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Rule Compliance ◽  
Community Expectations ◽  
Subsequent Behavior

Theories of human behavior suggest that people’s decisions to join a group and their subsequent behavior are influenced by perceptions of what is socially normative. In online discussions, where unruly, harassing behavior is common, displaying community rules could reduce concerns about harassment that prevent people from joining while also influencing the behavior of those who do participate. An experiment tested these theories by randomizing announcements of community rules to large-scale online conversations in a science-discussion community with 13 million subscribers. Compared with discussions with no mention of community expectations, displaying the rules increased newcomer rule compliance by >8 percentage points and increased the participation rate of newcomers in discussions by 70% on average. Making community norms visible prevented unruly and harassing conversations by influencing how people behaved within the conversation and also by influencing who chose to join.

scholarly journals Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Practices and Challenges during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in Rural Odisha, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Bauza ◽  
Gloria D. Sclar ◽  
Alokananda Bisoyi ◽  
Fiona Majorin ◽  
Apurva Ghugey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Heads Of Household

Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices emerged as a critical component to controlling and preventing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted 131 semistructured phone interviews with households in rural Odisha, India, to understand behavior changes made in WASH practices as a result of the pandemic and challenges that would prevent best practices. Interviews were conducted from May through July 2020 with 73 heads of household, 37 caregivers of children < 5 years old, and 21 members of village water and sanitation committees in villages with community-level piped water and high levels of latrine ownership. The majority of respondents (86%, N = 104) reported a change in their handwashing practice due to COVID-19, typically describing an increase in handwashing frequency, more thorough washing method, and/or use of soap. These improved handwashing practices remained in place a few months after the pandemic began and were often described as a new consistent practice after additional daily actions (such as returning home), suggesting new habit formation. Few participants (13%) reported barriers to handwashing. Some respondents also detailed improvements in other WASH behaviors, including village-level cleaning of water tanks and/or treatment of piped water (48% of villages), household water treatment and storage (17% of respondents), and household cleaning (41% of respondents). However, there was minimal change in latrine use and child feces management practices as a result of the pandemic. We provide detailed thematic summaries of qualitative responses to allow for richer insights into these WASH behavior changes during the pandemic. The results also highlight the importance of ensuring communities have adequate WASH infrastructure to enable the practice of safe behaviors and strengthen resilience during a large-scale health crisis.

scholarly journals Fostering collective effort toward ecosystem conservation

2019 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 00006
Author(s):  
Elise Amel ◽  
Christie Manning
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Individual Change ◽  
Social Barriers ◽  
Collective Effort ◽  
Informal Leaders

For human society to thrive amidst our changing environmental realities, we must alter our behavior. Individual change, while important, is unreliable due to cognitive and social barriers. An important nexus for the required transformation is at the collective level. Rather than encouraging individuals to engage in personal climate-friendly behavior, our efforts must focus on individuals changing their social networks, engaging in political change, and transforming the organizations in their community, such as corporations, NGOs, boards, and governments. Formal and informal leaders make daily decisions which influence the organizational structures that propel large-scale human behavior change. This scale of change is more in line with the scope needed to successfully persist into the future on this planet.

Should the euro have been invented if it did not exist? (On the book by O. V. Butorina “An economic history of the euro”)

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
Sergey F. Sutyrin ◽  
Igor O. Nesterov
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Union ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Economic And Monetary Union ◽  
Union Formation ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
History Of

The article is a reflection on Olga Butorina’s book “The economic history of the euro” published in 2020. The book provides a thorough in-depth analysis of the prerequisites for the European Economic and Monetary Union formation, describes the chronology of its integration, and makes forecasts about the future of the bloc. Some historical events presented in the book can be used as a base for independent cases for lecture courses, including those referred not only to international currency relations topics. The author’s search for answers to the fundamental question of why Europeans needed currency integration is of particular interest to readers. Of course, such a large-scale pamphlet cannot avoid discussable as well as controversial statements.

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