scholarly journals The Intractable Malaise: Understanding the Patterns That Maintain the Terrorist Stronghold in Nigeria

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110061
Author(s):  
Sogo Angel Olofinbiyi
Keyword(s):  
Human Security ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Causal Efficacy ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Humanitarian Crisis ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Triggering Factors ◽  
Research Designs

The global manifestation of terrorism has been evident in Africa, with a significant allusion to Boko Haram jihadists in Nigeria. A critical corollary of this manifestation is a decade of humanitarian crisis that threatens human security in the country. Following Boko Haram’s re-emergence in Nigeria, the group has taken pre-eminence to present itself as the most intractable malaise ever known to ravage the peace and social fabric of the northern Nigerian state. The undue supremacy of the sect has not only earned it global notoriety but has also generated a continuum of controversial academic debates on the patterns that maintain the sect as a terrorist stronghold in Nigeria. However, rather than dwell on the questions of “who Boko Haram terrorists are” or “what the nature of their modus operandi and the number of casualties of their activities in Nigeria have been,” the study focuses on determining the influential factors that have fueled the burning flame of the insurgency in the affected region. It contends that submerging the problem in the traumatized region would have to do with resolving the causal efficacy of each of the foregoing triggering factors that are known to be fanning the flames of the insurgency. Accomplishing this aim, the study recommends provision and implementation of more effective research designs and policy recommendations to address the challenges and reposition the fight for better results.

Boko Haram Terrorism and Human Security in Nigeria: Matters Arising

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Macpherson Uchenna Nnam ◽  
Cyril O. Ugwuoke ◽  
Vivian Chizoma Njemanze ◽  
Francis Azalahu Akwara
Keyword(s):  
Human Security ◽  
Boko Haram

Media and the Challenges of Displaced Men in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 312-330
Author(s):  
Felix Chidozie Chidozie ◽  
Augustine Ejiroghene Oghuvbu
Keyword(s):  
Human Security ◽  
Return Rate ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Government

This chapter addresses the under-reportage of the challenges confronting the male population of the IDPs by the mainstream media in Nigeria. It argues that the challenges facing the IDPs as a result of the Boko Haram terrorism, natural and man-made disasters, as well as the Hausa-Fulani mayhem, are peculiar to all the IDPs irrespective of demographic disparities. With the aid of 256 copies of questionnaires distributed among the male population of IDPs, recording 100 percent return rate and interviews conducted at Durumi Area One IDPs Camps in Abuja, FCT, the study answered the research questions posed here. Findings show that the plights of the male population of the IDPs ranging from hunger, starvation, water, electricity, accommodation shortages, and lack of sustainable occupation, portend serious human security threats for the country. It proposes policy-relevant actions for the government and other related agencies working with the IDPs; while concluding the role of media in trumpeting the challenges of the male population of the IDPs will mitigate their plights.

Analysis of the Driving Forces' Impact on the Low-Carbon Development of Tianjin Based on STIRPAT Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 2550-2553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Li ◽  
Meng Yan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Stirpat Model ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Low Carbon Development ◽  
Ridge Regression Analysis ◽  
Urbanization Rate

This paper is based on STIRPAT model, combined with backcasting theory, using ridge regression analysis to analyze the related data of Tianjin from 1996 to 2011.This paper aims to explore the influences of the five driving factors on the carbon emissions in Tianjin, including population, affluent degrees, Energy intensity, Urbanization rate and the ratio of the tertiary industry. This paper is trying to make policy recommendations to change these influential factors, thus, to decrease the urban carbon degree.

Boko Haram tenacity exposes West African gaps

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electoral Politics ◽  
West African ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Humanitarian Crisis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Internally Displaced

Significance Boko Haram violence affects thousands of people in Nigeria and neighbouring countries. The group appeared to be close to defeat in 2015, but violence has increased in recent months amid a factional split that increases rather than reduces the threat. Impacts The Boko Haram crisis will not fundamentally affect Nigeria's electoral politics in the lead-up to the 2019 poll. The regional humanitarian crisis will likely worsen further, with internally displaced persons (IDP) camps frequent targets of attack. Growing violence is nonetheless unlikely to disrupt life in Nigeria’s political and economic centres, such as Abuja and Lagos.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Humanitarian Military Intervention in Nigeria: Focus on Saving Victims or Defeating Boko Haram?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Tiffany Setyo Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Humanitarian Intervention ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
African Union ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Humanitarian Crisis ◽  
Internet Studies ◽  
Humanitarian Interventions

ABSTRACT This paper discusses the humanitarian intervention in Nigeria because the Boko Haram’s attack. Humanitarian intervention was carried out because there had been gross human rights violations in an area and the government's inability to solve them. Boko Haram attack has caused a humanitarian crisis in Nigeria. Unfortunately, Nigeria has been unable to solve the problem. Boko Haram is a separatist group that wants to replace Nigeria’s legitimate government to Sharia Law. Thus, humanitarian intervention is needed. This paper will explain three sub chapters of the discussion, such as: First, the political and economic conditions in Nigeria. Second, process of Boko Haram attack. Third, humanitarian intervention efforts in Nigeria carried out by international actors, such as: The African Union, some countries in Africa, the United States and some international humanitarian agencies. The research method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method. Data sources from literature and internet studies. This paper finds that the humanitarian intervention consists of a military approach and a socio-economic approach. In 2020, humanitarian interventions focus on recovery in education, health issues, and assisting the shelter of refugees.    

scholarly journals Unabated Cyber Terrorism and Human Security in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
David Oladimeji Alao ◽  
Goodnews Osah ◽  
Eteete Michael Adam
Keyword(s):  
Human Security ◽  
Cyber Terrorism ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Terror Attacks ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Information And Communication

The development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) due to Internet connectivity has called to question the preparedness of nations to curb cyber terrorism and the effects on human security. Boko Haram emerged as one of the deadliest terrorist groups globally. The paper investigated the Nigeria’s efforts in checkmating cyber terrorism, the implication on human security and the inherent challenges associated. The paper employed descriptive research and qualitative method while secondary sources of data were adopted. The study found that cyber terrorism as employed by Boko Haram was deployed in raising fund, propaganda, coordinating operation, international collaboration, recruitment and training of its members. In addition, the Nigerian government has not given sufficient attention to war against cyber terrorism and this has complicated human security provisioning particularly in the North-East Nigeria. This study concluded that cyber terrorism has come to stay as long as development in ICT cannot exclude the terrorists and the prevalence of fear of attack and the destruction of lives and property facilitated by Internet have devastating effects on human security. This paper recommended the criminalization of terror attacks, adequate equipment of the security agencies and political will to tackle societal ills.

scholarly journals Examining the Human Security Challenges Emanating from the Weaponisation of Women. A Case study of Boko Haram and the Islamic State 2001-2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 423-451
Author(s):  
Norman Sempijja ◽  
Collin Olebogeng-Mongale
Keyword(s):  
Human Security ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Asymmetric Conflicts ◽  
Suicide Attacks

The post-cold war period has witnessed an evolution in the nature of conflict from the new wars of the 1990s to asymmetric conflicts involving the weaponisation of civilians. This has achieved the twin objective of operating within the ranks of the combatants (in the case of women) as wives and child-bearers of the fighters, and inflicting harm on adversaries through suicide attacks. The weaponisation of women in the case of the wars in Syria and Nigeria has therefore elicited both human security challenges for the communities being targeted, and for the weaponised women. The biggest dilemma facing states of origin has been whether to accept the weaponised women’s return and rehabilitate them or declare them stateless. There has been a clear tendency to securitise them, especially when internal political dynamics are factored in. This qualitative study uses a case study approach to delve into the human security challenges emanating from the weaponisation of women in the case of Boko Haram and the Islamic State between 2001 and 2018. The paper further relies on content analysis to delve deeper into the discourse on human security. Through the use of a human security conceptual framework and securitisation theory, the paper argues that although once weaponised, some women become human security threats to targeted communities, and also face human security challenges during and after the insurgency, there is a need to deal with the women on a case-by-case basis rather than pursuing a blanket policy of securitising them. States need to work with international organisations to action processes aimed at delivering justice, demobilisation, rehabilitation, and the reintegration of these women. This will uphold international law and respect for human rights.

scholarly journals The Nexus Between Security Sector Governance/Reform and Sustainable Development Goal-16: An Examination of Conceptual Linkages and Policy Recommendations

10.5334/bcm ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oya Dursun-Özkanca
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Governance Reform ◽  
Security Sector Reform ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
2030 Agenda

This Security Sector Reform (SSR) Paper offers a universal and analytical perspective on the linkages between Security Sector Governance (SSG)/SSR (SSG/R) and Sustainable Development Goal-16 (SDG-16), focusing on conflict and post-conflict settings as well as transitional and consolidated democracies. Against the background of development and security literatures traditionally maintaining separate and compartmentalized presence in both academic and policymaking circles, it maintains that the contemporary security- and development-related challenges are inextricably linked, requiring effective measures with an accurate understanding of the nature of these challenges. In that sense, SDG-16 is surely a good step in the right direction. After comparing and contrasting SSG/R and SDG-16, this SSR Paper argues that human security lies at the heart of the nexus between the 2030 Agenda of the United Nations (UN) and SSG/R. To do so, it first provides a brief overview of the scholarly and policymaking literature on the development-security nexus to set the background for the adoption of The Agenda 2030. Next, it reviews the literature on SSG/R and SDGs, and how each concept evolved over time. It then identifies the puzzle this study seeks to address by comparing and contrasting SSG/R with SDG-16. After making a case that human security lies at the heart of the nexus between the UN’s 2030 Agenda and SSG/R, this book analyses the strengths and weaknesses of human security as a bridge between SSG/R and SDG-16 and makes policy recommendations on how SSG/R, bolstered by human security, may help achieve better results on the SDG-16 targets. It specifically emphasizes the importance of transparency, oversight, and accountability on the one hand, and participative approach and local ownership on the other. It concludes by arguing that a simultaneous emphasis on security and development is sorely needed for addressing the issues under the purview of SDG-16.

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