Impact of Boko Haram insurgency on human security in Nigeria

This chapter addresses the under-reportage of the challenges confronting the male population of the IDPs by the mainstream media in Nigeria. It argues that the challenges facing the IDPs as a result of the Boko Haram terrorism, natural and man-made disasters, as well as the Hausa-Fulani mayhem, are peculiar to all the IDPs irrespective of demographic disparities. With the aid of 256 copies of questionnaires distributed among the male population of IDPs, recording 100 percent return rate and interviews conducted at Durumi Area One IDPs Camps in Abuja, FCT, the study answered the research questions posed here. Findings show that the plights of the male population of the IDPs ranging from hunger, starvation, water, electricity, accommodation shortages, and lack of sustainable occupation, portend serious human security threats for the country. It proposes policy-relevant actions for the government and other related agencies working with the IDPs; while concluding the role of media in trumpeting the challenges of the male population of the IDPs will mitigate their plights.

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Unabated Cyber Terrorism and Human Security in Nigeria

Asian Social Science ◽

10.5539/ass.v15n11p105 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. 105

Author(s):

David Oladimeji Alao ◽

Goodnews Osah ◽

Eteete Michael Adam

Keyword(s):

Human Security ◽

Cyber Terrorism ◽

Boko Haram ◽

Secondary Sources ◽

Terror Attacks ◽

Descriptive Research ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

Terrorist Groups ◽

Information And Communication

The development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) due to Internet connectivity has called to question the preparedness of nations to curb cyber terrorism and the effects on human security. Boko Haram emerged as one of the deadliest terrorist groups globally. The paper investigated the Nigeria’s efforts in checkmating cyber terrorism, the implication on human security and the inherent challenges associated. The paper employed descriptive research and qualitative method while secondary sources of data were adopted. The study found that cyber terrorism as employed by Boko Haram was deployed in raising fund, propaganda, coordinating operation, international collaboration, recruitment and training of its members. In addition, the Nigerian government has not given sufficient attention to war against cyber terrorism and this has complicated human security provisioning particularly in the North-East Nigeria. This study concluded that cyber terrorism has come to stay as long as development in ICT cannot exclude the terrorists and the prevalence of fear of attack and the destruction of lives and property facilitated by Internet have devastating effects on human security. This paper recommended the criminalization of terror attacks, adequate equipment of the security agencies and political will to tackle societal ills.

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Examining the Human Security Challenges Emanating from the Weaponisation of Women. A Case study of Boko Haram and the Islamic State 2001-2018

Anuario Español de Derecho Internacional ◽

10.15581/010.37.423-451 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

pp. 423-451

Author(s):

Norman Sempijja ◽

Collin Olebogeng-Mongale

Keyword(s):

Human Security ◽

Security Threats ◽

Islamic State ◽

Boko Haram ◽

Post Cold War ◽

Study Approach ◽

Security Challenges ◽

Asymmetric Conflicts ◽

Suicide Attacks

The post-cold war period has witnessed an evolution in the nature of conflict from the new wars of the 1990s to asymmetric conflicts involving the weaponisation of civilians. This has achieved the twin objective of operating within the ranks of the combatants (in the case of women) as wives and child-bearers of the fighters, and inflicting harm on adversaries through suicide attacks. The weaponisation of women in the case of the wars in Syria and Nigeria has therefore elicited both human security challenges for the communities being targeted, and for the weaponised women. The biggest dilemma facing states of origin has been whether to accept the weaponised women’s return and rehabilitate them or declare them stateless. There has been a clear tendency to securitise them, especially when internal political dynamics are factored in. This qualitative study uses a case study approach to delve into the human security challenges emanating from the weaponisation of women in the case of Boko Haram and the Islamic State between 2001 and 2018. The paper further relies on content analysis to delve deeper into the discourse on human security. Through the use of a human security conceptual framework and securitisation theory, the paper argues that although once weaponised, some women become human security threats to targeted communities, and also face human security challenges during and after the insurgency, there is a need to deal with the women on a case-by-case basis rather than pursuing a blanket policy of securitising them. States need to work with international organisations to action processes aimed at delivering justice, demobilisation, rehabilitation, and the reintegration of these women. This will uphold international law and respect for human rights.

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The Intractable Malaise: Understanding the Patterns That Maintain the Terrorist Stronghold in Nigeria

SAGE Open ◽

10.1177/21582440211006148 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 215824402110061

Author(s):

Sogo Angel Olofinbiyi

Keyword(s):

Human Security ◽

Influential Factors ◽

Causal Efficacy ◽

Policy Recommendations ◽

Boko Haram ◽

Modus Operandi ◽

Humanitarian Crisis ◽

Social Fabric ◽

Triggering Factors ◽

Research Designs

The global manifestation of terrorism has been evident in Africa, with a significant allusion to Boko Haram jihadists in Nigeria. A critical corollary of this manifestation is a decade of humanitarian crisis that threatens human security in the country. Following Boko Haram’s re-emergence in Nigeria, the group has taken pre-eminence to present itself as the most intractable malaise ever known to ravage the peace and social fabric of the northern Nigerian state. The undue supremacy of the sect has not only earned it global notoriety but has also generated a continuum of controversial academic debates on the patterns that maintain the sect as a terrorist stronghold in Nigeria. However, rather than dwell on the questions of “who Boko Haram terrorists are” or “what the nature of their modus operandi and the number of casualties of their activities in Nigeria have been,” the study focuses on determining the influential factors that have fueled the burning flame of the insurgency in the affected region. It contends that submerging the problem in the traumatized region would have to do with resolving the causal efficacy of each of the foregoing triggering factors that are known to be fanning the flames of the insurgency. Accomplishing this aim, the study recommends provision and implementation of more effective research designs and policy recommendations to address the challenges and reposition the fight for better results.

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Democracy Consolidation and Governance of the Security Sector in Nigeria: Trends and Challenges

Journal International Studies ◽

10.32890/jis.12.2016.7977 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Olusola Olawale Olasunkanmi

Keyword(s):

Human Security ◽

Military Rule ◽

Boko Haram ◽

Security Sector ◽

The Core ◽

Weak Institutions ◽

Governance Challenges ◽

Democratic Experience

In no other sector is the challenge of governance much more tasking in contemporary Nigeria than security. Conceived broadly to imply both physical and human security, security has remained at the core of Nigeria’s governance challenges since its return to democracy in 1999. Weak institutions, growing inequality, poverty, injustice and corruption have together undermined the capacity of democracy as a preferred system of rule, to salvage the nation’s security from prolonged years of military rule and inept leadership. With Nigeria’s almost two decades of democratic experience, and the recent ushering to power of another party, the first of this development since 1999, there is indeed, an urgent need for the overhaul of the sector if the expected gains of democracy are to be met. It is the contention of this paper that democracy and security are mutually reinforcing and a disconnect can have deleterious implications for Nigeria. This paper also stresses the need to revamp the country’s security institutions especially in the light of the internal challenges of Boko Haram and in particular, militia groups whose propensity to relapse into military confrontation under the guise of the underlying historical problems associated with the Nigerian state are well documented.

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Mudanças climáticas, segurança humana e atores não-estatais violentos: o Boko Haram na região do lago Chade

Brazilian Journal of International Relations ◽

10.36311/2237-7743.2019.v8n3.05.p499 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 499-524

Author(s):

Marcos Alan S. V. Ferreira ◽

Max Sarney A. Silva ◽

Iure Paiva

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Human Security ◽

Case Analysis ◽

Extreme Drought ◽

Security Risks ◽

Boko Haram ◽

Lake Chad ◽

State Actors ◽

Sub Saharan

O presente trabalho introduz o debate sobre como as mudanças climáticas, principalmente através da intensificação de situações climáticas extremas, são capazes de potencializar riscos à segurança. Particularmente, o estudo procura analisar a dinâmica entre as mudanças climáticas e o surgimento e ampliação de conflitos, assim como a insurgência de atores não-estatais violentos (ANEVs). Em especial, analisou-se o caso da região Subsaariana do Lago Chade, a qual enfrenta problemas ligados à seca extrema e a expansão de ANEVs, em especial o avanço do Boko Haram na Nigéria. O estudo de caso demonstra que as mudanças climáticas, ainda que de forma indireta, são capazes de influenciar tanto na potencialização de conflitos como no aumento da ação dos ANEVs, sobretudo reduzindo as chances dos habitantes da região em lidar com a precariedade da situação, tornando-a ainda mais tensa quando associada a outras fragilidades socioeconômicas e políticas já existentes na região. Abstract: This paper aims to introduce the debate on how climate change, especially through the intensification of extreme climatic situations, is capable of enhancing security risks, particularly in the emergence and expansion of conflicts conducted by violent non-state actors (VNSAs). In particular, it presents a case study about the sub-Saharan region of Lake Chad, which faces problems related to the extreme drought and the expansion of VNSAs, especially the rise of Boko Haram in Nigeria. Our case analysis demonstrates that climate change, although indirectly, is capable of influencing both the potentialization of conflicts and the increase of the action of ANEVs, especially when associated with other socioeconomic fragilities and existing policies in a region. Keywords: Climate Change; Human Security; Violent Non-State Actors; Lake Chad; Boko Haram. Recebido em: março/2019. Aprovado em: outubro/2019.

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