Fragmenting Feminine-Athletic Identities: Identity Turning Points During Girls’ Transition into High School

2021 ◽  
pp. 216747952110129
Author(s):  
Alaina C. Zanin ◽  
Laura V. Martinez ◽  
Lucy C. Niess
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Communication Theory ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
Athletic Identity ◽  
Communication Theory Of Identity ◽  
And Gender

This study employed a turning point analysis to document events that influence the development of athletic identities in female athletes transitioning into high school. All participants ( N = 28), between the ages of 14–15 years old, belonged to a competitive club soccer team located in the southwestern United States. Through an analysis of pre- and post-season interviews and bi-weekly video journal entries, data revealed several fragmenting turning point events related to participants’ athletic identity development. These fragmenting turning points paired with the communication theory of identity (CTI) framework highlighted three identity gaps: (a) athletic-relational, (b) athletic-communal, and (c) athletic-enacted. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed regarding turning points in relation to athletic identity development and gender disparities in sport participation.

Developmental Differences in Burnout Among High School Athletes in the United States: A Gendered Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Tsz Lun (Alan) Chu ◽  
Bailey Sommerfeld ◽  
Tao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Developmental Model ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Athlete Burnout ◽  
And Gender

Building on recent research examining athlete burnout trajectories, this study implemented the developmental model of sport participation to compare emotional and physical exhaustion, reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation between age groups (specializing [aged 13–15 years] vs. investment [aged 16–18 years]) and gender (boys vs. girls) among U.S. high school athletes. Participants were 367 high school athletes (M = 15.53; 212 males; 186 specializing) across various individual and team sports who completed a survey assessing their demographic information, sport backgrounds, and burnout perceptions. A 2 × 2 multivariate analysis of covariance, controlling for training hours, showed greater emotional and physical exhaustion and sport devaluation in the investment than the specializing group, but no developmental differences in reduced sense of accomplishment. Contrary to our hypothesis, no gender or interaction effects were found. Findings inform interventions and future research that address the role of developmental stages and gender in athlete burnout.

scholarly journals Tracking of Physical Activity, Sport Participation, and Sedentary Behaviors over Four Years of High School

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lovro Štefan ◽  
Marjeta Mišigoj-Duraković ◽  
Antonela Devrnja ◽  
Hrvoje Podnar ◽  
Vilko Petrić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
School Students ◽  
And Gender

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the extent of tracking of physical activity (PA), sports participation (SP), and sedentary behaviors (SB) over four years of high school education among the Croatian Physical Activity in Adolescence Longitudinal Study (CRO-PALS) cohort. Methods: In this investigation, participants were 844 high school students (15.6 years at baseline; 49% girls). The SHAPES questionnaire was used to assess PA, SP, and SB at ages 15, 16, 17, and 18 and tracking was assessed using generalized estimating equations. Results: Tracking coefficients for PA were similar in both sexes, ranged from 0.49 to 0.61, and indicated moderate tracking, while the tracking of SB tended to be somewhat higher over the four years of follow-up (β = 0.60–0.72). Youth that participated in sports at baseline had a 16 to 28 times higher odds of continued participation at follow-up, depending on the type of sport and gender. Finally, both low physical activity and high screen time showed strong tracking in both genders. Conclusion: PA and SB tracked moderately between ages 15 and 18. Moreover, the strong tracking of low PA and high screen time indicates that the detection of these risk factors at the beginning of high school should be advocated.

scholarly journals Saved by the Bell: A Feminist Approach to High School Architecture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ekta Nathu
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Research Area ◽  
School Environments ◽  
School Students ◽  
School Architecture ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Function

<p>The years spent as high school students are some of the most formative to the development of confidence in identity, and in preparing young people to be resilient adults. The school environments in which development occurs have an imperative role to play in providing space for identity to form freely and in providing equal opportunity for students to succeed. This research will focus on understanding how architecture might provide the space for identities to form freely and how processes and spatial outcomes could encourage this development to happen equitably.  This research engages feminist theory, processes and practices to increase spatial agency and identity agency for students. Encouraging the autonomy of students hopes to influence a sense of purpose and belonging to the space, and help students feel belonging within a community.  The theoretical position of this research is between feminist practice and gender and space. Supporting fields of research include pedagogy and policy. Whilst each existing field is independently expansive in scope, this research explores how these fields intersect, overlap and function when applied to the context of high school architecture.  A design-led methodology will inform four Pieces towards the completion of this research, each considering ‘design’ as the process, outcome and representation strategies. The first Piece, Processes, will involve the design and running of participatory workshops with students. The second Piece, Sites, will include photo analysis of existing schools to uncover what information existing architecture might be disseminating. The third Piece, Interventions, will be the design of actionable guides, posters, zines and ‘take- aways’ that share the findings of the research. The fourth and final Piece, Speculations, will include speculative concept designs that respond to the accumulated knowledge and provoke curiosity for the potential in this research area and way of practicing.  The outcomes of this research, the feminist architectural processes, designs and communication, aim to better understand how to facilitate participation in architecture for identity development and therefore help equalise opportunities in education.</p>

scholarly journals Saved by the Bell: A Feminist Approach to High School Architecture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ekta Nathu
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Research Area ◽  
School Environments ◽  
School Students ◽  
School Architecture ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Function

<p>The years spent as high school students are some of the most formative to the development of confidence in identity, and in preparing young people to be resilient adults. The school environments in which development occurs have an imperative role to play in providing space for identity to form freely and in providing equal opportunity for students to succeed. This research will focus on understanding how architecture might provide the space for identities to form freely and how processes and spatial outcomes could encourage this development to happen equitably.  This research engages feminist theory, processes and practices to increase spatial agency and identity agency for students. Encouraging the autonomy of students hopes to influence a sense of purpose and belonging to the space, and help students feel belonging within a community.  The theoretical position of this research is between feminist practice and gender and space. Supporting fields of research include pedagogy and policy. Whilst each existing field is independently expansive in scope, this research explores how these fields intersect, overlap and function when applied to the context of high school architecture.  A design-led methodology will inform four Pieces towards the completion of this research, each considering ‘design’ as the process, outcome and representation strategies. The first Piece, Processes, will involve the design and running of participatory workshops with students. The second Piece, Sites, will include photo analysis of existing schools to uncover what information existing architecture might be disseminating. The third Piece, Interventions, will be the design of actionable guides, posters, zines and ‘take- aways’ that share the findings of the research. The fourth and final Piece, Speculations, will include speculative concept designs that respond to the accumulated knowledge and provoke curiosity for the potential in this research area and way of practicing.  The outcomes of this research, the feminist architectural processes, designs and communication, aim to better understand how to facilitate participation in architecture for identity development and therefore help equalise opportunities in education.</p>

Comparing High School Sport Specialization Trends Between Division I and Club Collegiate Athletes

2021 ◽  
pp. 194173812110602
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Biese ◽  
Madeline Winans ◽  
Mayrena I. Hernandez ◽  
Daniel A. Schaefer ◽  
Eric G. Post ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Nonparametric Tests ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Division I ◽  
School Sport ◽  
Age Related ◽  
High School Sport

Background: Adolescent athletes report that sports specialization improves their ability to receive a collegiate athletics scholarship, though this is not well-understood. The purpose of this study was to examine self-reported trends in high school specialization and influences for sport participation between Division I (D-I) and college-aged club (club) athletes. Hypothesis: There would be no difference in high school sport specialization or sport participation influences between D-I and club athletes. Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: A survey included specialization classification (low, moderate, and high) for 9th to 12th grade, age that the athlete started organized sport and his or her collegiate sport, and several influential factors for participation in one’s primary high school sport (1 = no influence to 5 = extremely influential). Chi-square analyses were used to compare specialization classifications between groups. Nonparametric tests were used to determine significant differences in age-related variables and influential factors between D-I and club athletes. All analysis were also conducted with boys and girls separately. Results: Participants included 266 D-I (girls, 155; 58%) and 180 club (girls, 122; 68%) athletes. Club athletes were more likely to be classified as low specialization at every grade in high school, and this difference was more pronounced between D-I and club female athletes than male athletes. The number of years an athlete was classified as highly specialized in high school was not different between D-I and club athletes. Club athletes were more influenced by playing with friends than D-I athletes and D-I athletes were more influenced by pursuing a collegiate scholarship than club athletes. Conclusion: High levels of specialization in high school sport may not be necessary for playing at the collegiate level, though some level of specialization in high school might be necessary. Clinical Relevance: Clinicians should advocate for healthy long-term athlete development, which does not support high specialization in high school sports.

scholarly journals Attorney General v. MIAA at Forty Years: A Critical Examination of Gender Segregation in High School Athletics in Massachusetts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin E. Buzuvis
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Attorney General ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
High School Athletics ◽  
High School Sports ◽  
School Sports ◽  
And Gender

Published: Erin E. Buzuvis, Attorney General v. MIAA at Forty Years: A Critical Examination of Gender Segregation in High School Athletics in Massachusetts, 25 TEX. J. C.L. &amp; C.R. 1 (2019).Forty years ago, the highest court in Massachusetts ruled in Attorney General v. Massachusetts Interscholastic Athletic Association that the state constitution's newly-added equal rights amendment prohibited the blanket exclusion of boys from girls' athletic teams. The state’s constitutional law departed from Title IX, as well as that of other states, in providing a legal foundation for a wider selection of gender-integrated high school sports. However, most sports remain segregated by sex. The Author opines that sport organizers in Massachusetts have missed an opportunity to provide students a more balanced menu of athletic opportunities that incorporate both sex-segregated and gender-free sports for the advantages each uniquely provides. This Article further describes how gender-free sport can address logistical challenges posed by segregating boys' and girls' opportunities within the same sport, mitigate the stereotypes of inferior girls' sports, and maximize inclusion of transgender athletes. While segregated sports serve an important role to protect and preserve opportunities for female athletes whose interests and abilities have historically and continuously been suppressed, the Author suggests it is time to start thinking not about replacing girls' sports altogether but adding more gender-free sports. Massachusetts should identify those sports in which separation does more harm than good, and test whether degendering sport provides net advantages.

scholarly journals Giftedness, Gender Identities, and Self-Acceptance: A Retrospective Study on LGBTQ+ Postsecondary Students

2021 ◽  
pp. 001698622110296
Author(s):  
C. Owen Lo ◽  
Shun-Fu Hu ◽  
Hasan Sungur ◽  
Ching-Hui Lin
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Position Statement ◽  
Postsecondary Students ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
Self Acceptance ◽  
And Gender

In a recent position statement, the National Association of Gifted Children argued the importance of providing equitable treatment of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer and other sexual and gender minority individuals (LGBTQ+) gifted youth to help them maximize their potential. However, there are very few empirical studies focusing on the intersection of giftedness and gender identities. Little is known regarding these students’ experience at, and outside of, school. Focusing on the individual process of gender identity development and self-acceptance, we interviewed nine LGBTQ+ postsecondary students in North America (aged between 19 and 29 years) who are graduates of an academically focused high school in Turkey. In particular, we studied their ways of thinking, stress coping strategies, and environmental factors that may have enabled their self-acceptance of LGBTQ+ identities. Findings of the study show that the mental health of LGBTQ+ is a function of individual factors (e.g., coping strategies), structural factors (e.g., a homophobic sociocultural environment), and the context. The findings also indicate the benefits of complexity and reflectiveness in thinking, metacognition and the ability to separate identity labels from identities, enabled by high school peer support, liberal curriculum and classroom discussions, and access to information during adolescence.

Women in Male Domains: Sport and Science

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra L. Hanson ◽  
Rebecca S. Kraus
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
School Senior ◽  
Sport Teams ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Recent Cohort

A Critical Feminist perspective and data from the nationally representative National Educational Longitudinal Study are used to explore the relationship between involvement in sports and success in science for a recent cohort of high school aged women. We also consider whether women from different social classes and racial/ethnic groups and with different sport experiences derive similar benefits from sport. Variation in sport experience involves a consideration of type of sport (e.g., basketball vs. track), type of team (e.g., varsity vs. intramural), age of athlete (middle school vs. high school sophomore vs. high school senior), and leadership roles (e.g., captain). Our findings show that sport has mostly positive consequences for young women’s science attainment, although these effects are smaller than for a 1980 cohort of female athletes. These benefits exist across types of sport, teams, and levels of involvement but are their greatest in the sophomore year of high school. In contrast to earlier cohorts, we find that for this recent cohort, sport participation positively affects the science attainment of women from various subgroups—white, Hispanic, upper-ses and lower-ses. However, young African-American women see very little benefit from sport. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Identity Exploration and Commitment of Albanian Youth as a Function of Social Opportunity Structure

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Orgocka ◽  
Jasna Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Opportunity Structure ◽  
School Students ◽  
Identity Exploration

This study examined how social opportunity structure influences identity exploration and commitment of Albanian high school students. A total of 258 students completed a questionnaire that gauged their identity exploration and commitment in three domains: education, occupation, and family. ANOVA results indicated that, overall, students scored highest in exploration in the domain of education and in commitment in the domain of family. Students' exploration and commitment were linked to gender. Albanian female students scored higher than male students in exploration and commitment regarding education and family. Perceived work opportunities in Albania or abroad also significantly moderated participants' exploration in the domain of education and were associated with commitment in education and occupation. As one of the first studies to explore Albanian youth's identity development in relation to social opportunity structure, findings are discussed in light of furthering the field of Albanian adolescent and youth development.

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