scholarly journals Persistent Cannabis Dependence and Alcohol Dependence Represent Risks for Midlife Economic and Social Problems

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1028-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Cerdá ◽  
Terrie E. Moffitt ◽  
Madeline H. Meier ◽  
HonaLee Harrington ◽  
Renate Houts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Relationship Conflict ◽  
Achievement Orientation ◽  
Socioeconomic Mobility ◽  
Cannabis Dependence ◽  
Criminal Convictions ◽  
Financial Difficulties

With the increasing legalization of cannabis, understanding the consequences of cannabis use is particularly timely. We examined the association between cannabis use and dependence, prospectively assessed between ages 18 and 38, and economic and social problems at age 38. We studied participants in the Dunedin Longitudinal Study, a cohort ( N = 1,037) followed from birth to age 38. Study members with regular cannabis use and persistent dependence experienced downward socioeconomic mobility, more financial difficulties, workplace problems, and relationship conflict in early midlife. Cannabis dependence was not linked to traffic-related convictions. Associations were not explained by socioeconomic adversity, childhood psychopathology, achievement orientation, or family structure; cannabis-related criminal convictions; early onset of cannabis dependence; or comorbid substance dependence. Cannabis dependence was associated with more financial difficulties than was alcohol dependence; no difference was found in risks for other economic or social problems. Cannabis dependence is not associated with fewer harmful economic and social problems than alcohol dependence.

scholarly journals Parental alcohol dependence, socioeconomic disadvantage and alcohol and cannabis dependence among young adults in the community

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Melchior ◽  
M. Choquet ◽  
Y. Le Strat ◽  
C. Hassler ◽  
P. Gorwood
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Socioeconomic Disadvantage ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cannabis Dependence ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Parental Alcohol

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that socioeconomic disadvantage exacerbates the intergenerational transmission of substance dependence. Among 3056 community-based young adults (18–22 years, 2007), the prevalence of alcohol dependence (WHO AUDIT, 5.8%) and cannabis dependence (DSM IV criteria, 7.3%) was doubled in the presence of combined parental alcohol dependence and socioeconomic disadvantage.

The Alerting and Orienting Systems of Attention Are Modified by Cannabis Dependence

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 520-532
Author(s):  
Ivett E. Ortega-Mora ◽  
Ulises Caballero-Sánchez ◽  
Talía V. Román-López ◽  
Cintia B. Rosas-Escobar ◽  
Mónica Méndez-Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Network Systems ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Cannabis Dependence ◽  
Alerting System

AbstractAttention allows us to select relevant information from the background. Although several studies have described that cannabis use induces deleterious effects on attention, it remains unclear if cannabis dependence affects the attention network systems differently.Objectives:To evaluate whether customary consumption of cannabis or cannabis dependence impacts the alerting, orienting, and executive control systems in young adults; to find out whether it is related to tobacco or alcohol dependence and if cannabis use characteristics are associated with the attention network systems.Method:One-hundred and fifty-four healthy adults and 102 cannabis users performed the Attention Network Test (ANT) to evaluate the alerting, orienting, and executive control systems.Results:Cannabis use enhanced the alerting system but decreased the orienting system. Moreover, those effects seem to be associated with cannabis dependence. Out of all the cannabis-using variables, only the age of onset of cannabis use significantly predicted the efficiency of the orienting and executive control systems.Conclusion:Cannabis dependence favors tonic alertness but reduces selective attention ability; earlier use of cannabis worsens the efficiency of selective attention and resolution of conflicts.

Standard EMDR Protocol for Alcohol and Substance Dependence Comorbid With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Four Cases With 12-Month Follow-Up

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Kullack ◽  
Jonathan Laugharne
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress

This report begins with a summary of the literature regarding the theoretical models behind the comorbid relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder and substance use disorders and the various modified addiction protocols formulated to assist in treating these disorders. This case series outlines the effect that the standard eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) protocol had on alcohol and substance dependence for 4 patients who attended our Post Traumatic Stress Clinic in Fremantle, Western Australia, primarily for treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. Patients were assessed for substance use disorders using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus prior to, immediately after, and 12 months after completing EMDR therapy. Results indicate that the standard EMDR protocol was successful in reducing alcohol and substance use. Prior to treatment, 3 patients met criteria for alcohol dependence and 1 met criteria for substance dependence. At 12-month follow-up, 3 out of 4 clients did not meet the diagnostic criteria for current alcohol dependence or current substance dependence. The implications of these findings are discussed with reference to theories of comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and substance use disorder and the modified EMDR protocols developed for patients with substance dependence.

scholarly journals Predicting the transition from frequent cannabis use to cannabis dependence: A three-year prospective study

2013 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy van der Pol ◽  
Nienke Liebregts ◽  
Ron de Graaf ◽  
Dirk J. Korf ◽  
Wim van den Brink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cannabis Dependence

scholarly journals Predictors of Illicit Substance Dependence Among Individuals With Alcohol Dependence

2009 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole D. Sintov ◽  
Kenneth S. Kendler ◽  
Dermot Walsh ◽  
Diana G. Patterson ◽  
Carol A. Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Illicit Substance

scholarly journals Brain structural changes in cannabis dependence: association with MAGL

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 3256-3266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Manza ◽  
Kai Yuan ◽  
Ehsan Shokri-Kojori ◽  
Dardo Tomasi ◽  
Nora D. Volkow
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Brain Atlas ◽  
Cannabis Dependence ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
Postmortem Brain Tissue

AbstractCannabis use is rising, yet there is poor understanding of biological processes that might link chronic cannabis use to brain structural abnormalities. To lend insight into this topic, we examined white matter microstructural integrity and gray matter cortical thickness/density differences between 89 individuals with cannabis dependence (CD) and 89 matched controls (64 males, 25 females in each group) from the Human Connectome Project. We tested whether cortical patterns for expression of genes relevant for cannabinoid signaling (from Allen Human Brain Atlas postmortem tissue) were associated with spatial patterns of cortical thickness/density differences in CD. CD had lower fractional anisotropy than controls in white matter bundles innervating posterior cingulate and parietal cortex, basal ganglia, and temporal cortex. The CD group also had significantly less gray matter thickness and density in precuneus, relative to controls. Sibling-pair analysis found support for causal and graded liability effects of cannabis on precuneus structure. Spatial patterns of gray matter differences in CD were significantly associated with regional differences in monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) expression in postmortem brain tissue, such that regions with higher MAGL expression (but not fatty-acid amide hydrolase or FAAH) were more vulnerable to cortical thinning. In sum, chronic cannabis use is associated with structural differences in white and gray matter, which was most prominent in precuneus and associated white matter tracts. Regions with high MAGL expression, and therefore with potentially physiologically restricted endogenous cannabinoid signaling, may be more vulnerable to the effects of chronic cannabis use on cortical thickness.

Cannabis use in patients 3 months after ceasing nabiximols for the treatment of cannabis dependence: Results from a placebo-controlled randomised trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. 108220
Author(s):  
Nicholas Lintzeris ◽  
Llewellyn Mills ◽  
Adrian Dunlop ◽  
Jan Copeland ◽  
Iain Mcgregor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cannabis Dependence

scholarly journals Is alcohol dependence a mediator between alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems? A study from a clinical population in Stockholm County

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
Anders Romelsjö ◽  
Robin Room ◽  
Elisabeth Ellström
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Addiction Severity Index ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Stockholm County ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

Several studies have been done on the prevalence of the alcohol dependence syndrome, while other studies have focused on whether the dependence syndrome can be seen as a unity, or not. Few studies have analysed the association between alcohol consumption, the alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) and alcohol-related problems. A main issue is to what extent an association between alcohol consumption and problems is explained by the dependence syndrome or by its sub-components (drinking despite a health problem, craving, impaired control, preoccupation with alcohol, withdrawal symptoms and increased tolerance). The purpose in this paper is to elucidate this issue in analyses of data from the health care-based clinical sample of the study “Women and Men in Swedish Addiction Treatment”, comprising comprehensive interviews of almost 1000 inpatients and outpatients in Stockholm County. These data cover e.g. alcohol and drug use, alcohol dependence (ICD-10) measured by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), the composite-scores part of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI), sociodemographics and alcohol-related problems. Three measures of alcohol-related problems were constructed covering health and psychological problems, self-defined social problems, and social problems defined by others. In these exploratory analyses of patients with alcohol dependence as a dominating problem, a series of logistic regression analyses were done. A substantial part of the association between the consumption measures and the three outcomes could be accounted for by measures of the ADS. The predictive power of the six criteria composing the ADS varied considerably for the different outcomes. The interpretation is not straightforward, not least as the alcohol dependence syndrome also includes items of alcohol-related problems.

The Soundtrack of Cannabis Dependence: Music Preference and Cannabis use

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Mahesh R Gowda ◽  
Nikitha Harish ◽  
S Preeti ◽  
Sonali Thesia ◽  
Radhika Magaji
Keyword(s):  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Music Preference ◽  
Cannabis Dependence
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document