scholarly journals Mechanical Comparison of 3D-Printed Plates and Screws for Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Fractures

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7_suppl6) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0038
Author(s):  
Connor Lough ◽  
Will Bezold ◽  
Kevin Feltgz ◽  
Kevin Middleton ◽  
Nathan Skelley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Torsional Loading ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Surgical Implants ◽  
Flat Design ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Point Bend

Objectives: Three-dimensional (3D) printing has emerged as a promising technology in the field of orthopaedic surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties of 3D printed 1/3 tubular plates and cortical screws compared to standard-of-care stainless steel 1/3 tubular plates and cortical screws. Methods: Replication and modification designs were developed for both plates and screws using open-source computer-assisted design (CAD) software. Models were printed in four materials: acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), carbon fiber reinforced polylactic acid (PLA), polycarbonate (PC), and polyether ether ketone (PEEK). The implants (Figure 1) were tested and compared to surgical steel plates and screws. Plates were tested with three-point bend and torsional loading using an Instron® material testing machine. Screws were analyzed on pull-out strength in a Sawbones® bone model, shear strength, and torsional loading. Each combination of design and material was placed in its own test group with a sample size (n = 5) and compared to a steel control group (n = 5) for each mechanical test. Results: Significant interaction effects between material type and design type were observed for screw shear (p = 0.003), screw torque (p = 0.023), plate 3-point bend (p = 0.002), and plate torque (p = 0.001). A significant interaction effect was not observed for screw pull-out (p = 0.407), however, a statistically significant difference in mean force between material types (p <0.0005) was observed.Screw Shear: The highest mean force when both material and design were considered was for the CFPLA modified flat design with a mean force of 105.83 N (95% CI 88.51 to 123.14).Screw Torque: The highest mean force when both material and design were considered was for the PEEK modified tilt design with a mean force of 49.51 Ncm (95% CI 43.40 to 55.63).Plate 3-Point Bend: The highest mean force when both material and design were considered was for the PEEK modification design with a mean force of 31.93 N (95% CI 30.53 to 33.33).Plate Torque: The highest mean force when both material and design were considered was for the CFPLA modified flat design with a mean force of 46.88 Ncm (95% CI 42.95 to 50.80).Screw Pull-Out: Mean force produced was highest for PC across all test groups (Figure 2) with a total mean force of 211.86 N (95% CI 186.81 to 236.90). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that desktop 3D printers are capable of printing biocompatible materials that can replicate surgical implants. Although the current materials have significant mechanical variability, they do not approximate the properties of stainless steel. The utility of 3D printed surgical implants for internal fracture fixation provides a potential clinical application in locations where equipment is not as readily available, such as developing countries, forward operating military units, or long duration space flight missions. Furthermore, the cost for 3D printers and 3D printable materials has significantly decreased over recent years. This increase in technology and associated decrease in costs, along with numerous open-source 3D modeling software programs, could provide a low-cost alternative to more expensive and less accessible standard-of-care stainless-steel implants. [Figure: see text]

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Circularity of Recycled PLA Filaments for 3D Printers

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 8967
Author(s):  
Victor Gil Muñoz ◽  
Luisa M. Muneta ◽  
Ruth Carrasco-Gallego ◽  
Juan de Juanes Marquez ◽  
David Hidalgo-Carvajal
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Circular Loop ◽  
Material Supply ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Circular Economics ◽  
High Level ◽  
Additional Value

The circular economy model offers great opportunities to companies, as it not only allows them to capture additional value from their products and materials, but also reduce the fluctuations of price-related risks and material supply. These risks are present in all kind of businesses not based on the circular economy. The circular economy also enables economic growth without the need for more resources. This is because each unit has a higher value as a result of recycling and reuse of products and materials after use. Following this circular economics framework, the Polytechnic University of Madrid (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, UPM) has adopted strategies aimed at improving the circularity of products. In particular, this article provides the result of obtaining recycled PLA filament from waste originating from university 3D FFF (fused filament fabrication) printers and waste generated by “Coronamakers” in the production of visors and parts for PPEs (Personal Protective Equipment) during the lockdown period of COVID-19 in Spain. This filament is used in the production of 3D printed parts that university students use in their classes, so the circular loop is closed. The obtained score of Material Circularity Indicator (MCI) of this material has been calculated, indicating its high level of circularity.

Designing Inclusion: Using 3D Printing to Maximize Adapted Physical Education Participation

2021 ◽  
pp. 004005992110101
Author(s):  
A. Chloe Simpson ◽  
Andrea Ruth Taliaferro
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Student Success ◽  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Adapted Physical Education ◽  
Physical Educators ◽  
Related Service ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Education Participation ◽  
Individual Design

While assistive technology is often suggested as a way to increase, maintain, or improve functional ability for individuals with disabilities within physical activity (PA) settings, cost and availability of such items are often noted as barriers. In recent years, 3D printing has become available to the general public through the adoption of 3D printers in schools, libraries, and universities. Through individual design and rapid prototyping, 3D printing can support physical educators in accommodating student need for assistive technology through a multitude of modification possibilities. This article will highlight the capacity for 3D printed assistive technology within educational settings, and will illustrate how teachers, APE specialists, and other related service personnel can utilize this technology to support student success in PE and PA settings. This article will also assist practitioners with locating, uploading, and utilizing existing collections of 3D assistive technology models from open-source websites, such as Thingiverse.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Ability to Accurately Produce Angular Details by 3D Printing of Plastic Parts

Machines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Andrei Marius Mihalache ◽  
Gheorghe Nagîț ◽  
Laurențiu Slătineanu ◽  
Adelina Hrițuc ◽  
Angelos Markopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Vertex Angle ◽  
Function Type ◽  
Constant Height ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Mathematical Processing ◽  
Plastic Parts

3D printing is a process that has become widely used in recent years, allowing the production of parts with relatively complicated shapes from metallic and non-metallic materials. In some cases, it is challenging to evaluate the ability of 3D printers to make fine details of parts. For such an assessment, the printing of samples showing intersections of surfaces with low angle values was considered. An experimental plan was designed and materialized to highlight the influence of different factors, such as the thickness of the deposited material layer, the printing speed, the cooling and filling conditions of the 3D-printed part, and the thickness of the sample. Samples using areas in the form of isosceles triangles with constant height or bases with the same length, respectively, were used. The mathematical processing of the experimental results allowed the determination of empirical mathematical models of the power-function type. It allowed the detection of both the direction of actions and the intensity of the influence exerted by the input factors. It is concluded that the strongest influence on the printer’s ability to produce fine detail, from the point of view addressed in the paper, is exerted by the vertex angle, whose reduction leads to a decrease in printing accuracy.

Temperature-dependent Charpy impact property of 3D printed 15-5 PH stainless steel

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-201
Author(s):  
Sugrim Sagar ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Hyun-Hee Choi ◽  
Yeon-Gil Jung ◽  
Jing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Impact Property ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
3D Printed

Mechanical Performances of ITER In-Vessel Coil’s Conductor

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Jin ◽  
Wu Yu ◽  
Feng Long ◽  
Min Yu ◽  
Qiyang Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Strong Coupling ◽  
Thermal Fatigue ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Nuclear Radiation ◽  
Localized Modes ◽  
Edge Localized Modes ◽  
Point Bend ◽  
Mechanical Performances

The design and R&D for ITER In-Vessel Coils (IVCs) is being deployed. The concerned issue of “Edge Localized Modes” (ELMs) and “Vertical Stabilization” (VS) of the ITER plasma can be addressed by the implemented IVCs. The ELM and VS coils will be installed in the vessel just behind the blanket shield modules to reach the requirement of keeping strong coupling with the plasma. The 59mm Stainless Steel Jacketed Mineral Insulated Conductor (SSMIC) using MgO as the insulation is being designed for the IVCs to resist the special challenges, including the nuclear radiation, high temperature, electromagnetic and thermal fatigue. It is necessary to take the mechanical performances of the SSMIC and the feasibility of fabrication techniques into consideration of the R&D program. The mechanical performances of the SSMIC close to the actual work conditions, including the three point bend modulus, three point bend cyclical performance and the cyclical performance with a U-bend sample of the SSMIC prototypes have been investigated and the results are presented in this paper.

Evaluation of the Tube to Tubesheet Joining Process in an AL6XN® Feedwater Heater

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Svensson ◽  
Michael Catapano
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Intimate Contact ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Digital Microscope ◽  
304 Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Type 304 ◽  
Tube Expansion ◽  
Joining Process

Type 304 austenitic stainless steel is the most common tube material utilized for nuclear feedwater heaters, however, some utilities have experienced problems with Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC), especially when they utilize brackish cooling water and have experienced condenser tube leaks. This has forced some utilities to explore other options when it comes to high pressure feedwater heaters (HP FWH) tubing materials. AL6XN® is considered a “super” stainless steel that is resistant to (SCC), however, it is not immune (AL6XN is a trademark of ATI Technologies). Based on the relative inexperience and unknowns related to the use of AL6XN tubing in high pressure, nuclear feedwater heater applications, a detailed mock-up procedure was outlined as part of the replacement heater specification which would allow the evaluation of the tube to tubesheet joining processes. Since AL6XN can still be affected by SCC; steps were taken in order to minimize the imposed stress levels and any potential for the inadvertent inclusion of contaminants during the fabrication steps at the tube mill and at the feedwater heater Manufacturer’s shop. The desire to minimize stresses also applies at the tube to tubesheet joint, therefore, it was desired not to stress the tube more than absolutely necessary in achieving a reliable, leak tight joint. The mock-up details and procedures were therefore generated with these objectives in mind, so as to give consideration for the ability to check different configurations in order to determine the most efficient tube to tubesheet joining process. Several tubes in the mock-up were subjected to a pull out test in order to quantify the joint strength in the different configurations. The mockup was then sectioned and inspected under a digital microscope to verify intimate contact between the tube and the tubesheet. Once the optimal procedure was identified, four identical HP FWHs were constructed utilizing AL6XN tubing. During heater production, over 30,000 tube ends were expanded, however, two tubes were identified to have failures as part of the tube expansion process. This paper shall describe the procedures utilized in developing and analyzing the tubesheet mock-up as well the actions taken to identify the root causes of the tube failures.

Assessment of the accuracy of 3D printed teeth by various 3D printers in forensic odontology

2021 ◽  
pp. 111044
Author(s):  
Abraham Johnson ◽  
Gargi Jani ◽  
Rachel Carew ◽  
Astha Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Odontology ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
3D Printed

Scale-up of High-Pressure FT Synthesis in 3D Printed Stainless Steel Microchannel Microreactors: Experiments and Modeling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafeezuddin Mohammad ◽  
Chiemeka Chukwudoro ◽  
Sujoy Bepari ◽  
Omar Basha ◽  
Shyam Aravamudhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Ft Synthesis ◽  
3D Printed

scholarly journals Flexible 3D Printed Molds for Educational Use. Digital Fabrication of 3D Typography

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (13) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Bonnet De León ◽  
Jose Luis Saorin ◽  
Jorge De la Torre-Cantero ◽  
Cecile Meier ◽  
María Cabrera-Pardo
Keyword(s):  
3D Modeling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Digital Fabrication ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
School Environments ◽  
Flexible Material ◽  
Educational Environments ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Subject

<p class="0abstract"><span lang="EN-US">One of the drawbacks of using 3D printers in educational environments is that the creation time of each piece is high and therefore it is difficult to manufacture at least one piece for each student. This aspect is important so that each student can feel part of the manufacturing process. To achieve this, 3D printers can be used, not to make pieces, but to make the molds that students use to create replicas. On the other hand, for a mold to be used to make several pieces, it is convenient to make it with flexible material. However, most used material for 3D printers (PLA) is very rigid. To solve this problem, this article designs a methodology that allows the use of low-cost 3D printers (most common in school environments) with flexible material so that each mold can be used to manufacture parts for several students. To print flexible material with low-cost printers, it is necessary to adapt the machine and the print parameters to work properly. This article analyzes the changes to be made with a low cost 3D printer and validates the use of molds in school environments. A pilot test has been carried out with 8 students of the subject of Typography, in the School of Art and Superior of Design of Tenerife. During the activity, the students carried out the process of designing a typography and creating digital molds for 3D printing with flexible material. The designs were made using free 3D modeling programs and low-cost technologies.</span></p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document