Collegiate Athletes’ Gendered Perceptions of a Hypothetical Male and Female Coach

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-55
Author(s):  
Lori Rittenhouse-Wollmuth ◽  
Cindra S. Kamphoff ◽  
Jon Lim
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Head Coach ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Head ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Female Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Female Coaches

Historically, the world of sport is considered a masculine domain characterized by power, aggression, and physical contact (Hall, 1996). The exclusionary elements of the male culture of sport have created gender inequities in participation (Birrell & Theberge, 1994), and a gendered perception of male and female coaches (Frankl & Babitt, 1998; Weinberg, Reveles, & Jackson, 1984). The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of male and female collegiate athletes of a hypothetical male and female coach, and to determine if female coaches are more accepted compared to Weinberg et al.’s study investigating male and female athletes’ perceptions of a hypothetical coach. The Attitudinal Questionnaire (Weinberg, Reveles, & Jackson, 1984) was utilized to determine athletes’ attitudes about a hypothetical coach. A 2 × 2 MANOVA indicated a significant interaction between the gender of a hypothetical head coach and the gender of an athlete, and a significant main effect for gender. Univariate ANOVA results indicate that males and females differed in their attitudes and perceptions of both a hypothetical male and female head coach. The female athletes, compared to male athletes, were more likely to be accepting of coaches regardless of the coaches’ gender. Furthermore, male athletes were less accepting of female coaches. In addition, when comparing the means of the current study to Weinberg et al.’s (1984) study, results indicate that female coaches were not more accepted than in 1984.

scholarly journals Are Women Coached by Women More Likely to Become Sport Coaches? Head Coach Gender and Female Collegiate Athletes’ Entry into the Coaching Profession

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matea Wasend ◽  
Nicole M. LaVoi
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Division I ◽  
Head Coaches ◽  
Head Coach ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Female Head ◽  
Female Collegiate Athletes

A plethora of research on barriers facing women in the coaching profession exists, but less attention has been devoted to female student-athletes’ transition into coaching. Some research suggests that female athletes who are coached by women are more likely to become coaches. In the present study, existing research is extended by examining the relationship between collegiate female basketball players’ post-playing career behavior and the gender of their collegiate head coach. Two research questions are addressed: (1) Are female collegiate Division-I basketball players who are coached by female head coaches more likely to enter the coaching profession than athletes who are coached by men? And; (2) If female basketball players do enter coaching, are those who were coached by women more likely to persist in coaching? Collegiate head coach gender did not emerge as a significant predictor of athletes’ likelihood to enter coaching, but logistic regression indicated that athletes who did enter coaching were 4.1-times more likely to stay in coaching if they had a female head coach. This study extends the scarce and outdated body of research on the potential salience of same-sex coaching role models for female athletes and provides baseline data on collegiate athletes’ entry rate into coaching, lending support to advocacy aimed at reversing the current stagnation of women in the sport coaching profession.

Lower Extremity Kinematics of a Single-Leg Squat with an Orthotic in Male and Female Collegiate Athletes

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Joseph ◽  
Kristin L. Holsing ◽  
David Tiberio
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Ankle Eversion ◽  
Female Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Single Leg Squat

Kinematic differences have been linked to the gender discrepancies seen in knee injuries. A medially posted orthotic decreases frontal and transverse plane motions in the lower extremity during ambulation, squatting and landing. This study investigated the effect of a medial post on amount and timing of lower extremity motions during a single-leg squat in male and female athletes. We hypothesized there would be differences in these kinematic variables dependent upon sex and post conditions. Twenty male and female athletes performed single-leg squats with and without a five degree full-length medial post. Maximum joint angles were analyzed using a two-way, repeated-measures analysis of variance to determine if the differences created by post condition were statistically significant, whether there were gender differences, or interactions. Differences in maximum motion values and the time at which they occurred were found between men and women at the hip, knee and ankle. The post decreased all frontal plane measures in both sexes and resulted in earlier attainment of maximum ankle eversion and delayed maximum knee valgus. A medially posted orthotic may be beneficial not only in limiting motion, but in affecting the time in which stressful motions occur.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Use of Nutrition Support Products in Taekwondo Athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinan Seyhan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Nutrition Support ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
High Level

The purpose of this study was to determine the use of nutrition support products by male and female athletes who are involved in taekwondo and their level of knowledge in this respect. The sample group was formed with male and female (n=300) athletes who are actively involved in taekwondo. 300 of the collected questionnaires, which were determined to have been filled in correctly, were evaluated. Of the questionnaires evaluated, 108 belonged to female taekwondo athletes and 192 belonged to male taekwondo athletes. The arithmetic average, standard deviation and percent frequency (%) distributions of the obtained data were calculated. It was stated that 47.4% of male athletes and 41.7% of female athletes use the nutrition support products and the most preferred products by male athletes are protein powder (38%); amino acid (18.2%); vitamin (13.5%); mineral 8.9%; creatine (9.4%) and other nutrition support products (%12). It was found that female athletes also use the same products and these products are protein powder (30.6%); amino acid (15.7%); vitamin (18.5%); mineral 13%; creatine (8.3%) and other nutrition support products (13.9%). It was determined that the use of nutrition support products in male athletes was provided through doctor (20.8%), pharmacist (10.9%), friends (10.4%) and neighbors (3.6%), and in female athletes, through doctor (23.1%), pharmacist (16.7%), friends (6.5%) and neighbors (2.8%). Reasons for taekwondo athletes to use nutrition support products were to improve their athletic performance for 65.1% of males and 67.6% of females, and to cope with the fatigue for 17.2% of males and 17.6% of females. Our study results show that athletes who are involved in taekwondo use nutrition support products at a high level in order to increase their athletic performances. It is important for athletes using nutrition support products to use these products under the supervision of an expert for their health.

scholarly journals Social Support Patterns of Collegiate Athletes Before and After Injury

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingzhen Yang ◽  
Corinne Peek-Asa ◽  
John B. Lowe ◽  
Erin Heiden ◽  
Danny T. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Female Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Injured Athletes

Abstract Context: Social support has been identified as an important factor in facilitating recovery from injury. However, no previous authors have prospectively assessed the change in social support patterns before and after injury. Objective: To examine the preinjury and postinjury social support patterns among male and female collegiate athletes. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: A Big Ten Conference university. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 256 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I male and female collegiate athletes aged 18 or older from 13 sports teams. Main Outcome Measure(s): Injury incidence was identified using the Sports Injury Monitoring System. Social support was measured using the 6-item Social Support Questionnaire. Data on preinjury and postinjury social support patterns were compared. Results: Male athletes reported more sources of social support than female athletes, whereas female athletes had greater satisfaction with the support they received. Athletes' social support patterns changed after they became injured. Injured athletes reported relying more on coaches (P  =  .003), athletic trainers (P < .0001), and physicians (P  =  .003) for social support after they became injured. Athletes also reported greater postinjury satisfaction with social support received from friends (P  =  .019), coaches (P  =  .001), athletic trainers (P < .0001), and physicians (P  =  .003). Conclusions: Our findings identify an urgent need to better define the psychosocial needs of injured athletes and also strongly suggest that athletic trainers have a critical role in meeting these needs.

Nutrient Intakes and Dietary Behaviors of Male and Female Collegiate Athletes

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela S. Hinton ◽  
Tiffany C. Sanford ◽  
M. Meghan Davidson ◽  
Oksana F. Yakushko ◽  
Niels C. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Behaviors ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Collegiate Athletes

The purpose of this study was to assess the dietary intakes and behaviors of male and female collegiate athletes. Athletes (n = 345) at a NCAA Division I university completed an anonymous questionnaire. T-tests, χ2 statistic and ANOVA were used to assess gender and sport differences. Multiple linear regression was used to assess gender differences in nutrient intakes, controlling for energy intake and to examine the relationships between desired weight change, dietary behaviors, and nutrient intakes. Only 15% and 26% of athletes had adequate intakes of carbohydrate and protein, respectively, based on recommendations for athletes. Males were more likely to exceed the Dietary Guidelines for fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, and sodium than females. Sixty-two percent of female athletes wanted to lose at least 5 lbs compared to 23% of males. The desire to lose weight was associated with decreased energy and macronutrient consumption, but not with inadequate micronutrient intakes.

The Perceived Legitimacy of Rule Violating Behavior in Sport

1983 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Sport Participation ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Socialization Process ◽  
Organized Sport ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Polynomial Regressions

Some sport scientists have suggested that various rule violating behaviors (including aggressive player behavior) are normative behaviors perceived to be “legitimate violations” by participants (e.g., Silva, 1981; Vaz, 1979). In an attempt to determine if sport socialization influences the degree of perceived legitimacy of rule violating sport behavior, 203 male and female athletes and nonathletes were shown a series of eight slides. Seven of these slides clearly depicted rule violating behavior. The subjects rated the unacceptability-acceptability of the behavior shown on each slide on a scale of 1 to 4 (totally unacceptable-totally acceptable). Subjects were categorized according to: (a) gender, (b) amount of physical contact, (c) highest level of organized sport participation, and (d) years of participation. Regression and polynomial regressions indicated that male respondents rated rule violating behavior significantly more acceptable than females. Trend analyses on the other categorical variables indicated support for an in-sport socialization process that legitimizes rule violating behavior. This perceived legitimacy was considerably more pronounced for males than for females at all levels of analysis.

From Idealism to Actualization: The Academic Performance of Female Collegiate Athletes

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Bedker Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Academic Experiences ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Female Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Idealistic View

Semistructured interviews are used to examine the attitudes and subjective feelings of female collegiate athletes concerning their roles as student-athletes. The women begin college with an idealistic view of education; this view is strengthened over time. The athletic subculture the women are a part of, as well as their classroom and academic experiences, may to some degree influence or reinforce their educational optimism. The results of the current study are compared to those of Adler and Adler (1985), who studied male athletes. The experiences in question are discussed and possible explanations for the gender related similarities/differences are explored.

Analysis of Sport Orientation of Female Collegiate Athletes

1998 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 647-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mel E. Finkenberg ◽  
F. Michael Moode ◽  
James M. DrNucci
Keyword(s):  
Women Athletes ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Sport Orientation

Scores on three subscales of the Sport Orientation Questionnaire were analyzed to assess whether competitive orientation of 40 female athletes differed from that of 36 nonparticipants and whether competitive orientation differentiated among athletes participating in different sports. Intercollegiate women athletes from three sports (basketball = 12; Softball = 16; and volleyball = 12) and a control group of 36 women who did not participate in athletics were respondents. Scores on Win and Competition significantly discriminated among groups. Scores of the control group were significantly lower than those of each group of athletes. No other comparisons were significant.

scholarly journals Image and sport: exhibition of brazilian athletes on the instagram social network

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Vivian de Oliveira ◽  
Ivan Wallan Tertuliano ◽  
José Maria Montiel ◽  
Daniel Bartholomeu ◽  
Afonso Antonio Machado
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
New Media ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Traditional Media ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Analysis Of The Images

Background: Social networks have changed the dynamics of society in communication, commercial and social relations, advertising, among others. In sports, this would not be different. Along with this, the new media open up new possibilities for exploration of the image of the athlete, since traditional media conduct different treatments for male and female athletes. Objective: To verify the posts made on Instagram by Brazilian athletes and to verify if there are differences related to the gender of the athletes in the contents posted. Methods: The subjects selected for this research were Brazilian athletes and medalists of the 2012 Summer Olympics. The data were obtained through the collection of the images that the athletes posted on the Instagram and after that, the analysis of the images were made with the use of a checklist created for that study. Results: The results indicated that male and female did not present differences between categories of posted images. The most common type of images posted are the images in which the athlete is present, in places related to their work and in moments of relaxation. It also highlights the fact that most of the images posted do not make any reference to the sponsorships of the athletes. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that male and female have the same behavior of photo posting on social networks. It is also observed that the potential of social networks for advertising is still little explored by Brazilian athletes. Due to the originality of this work and because it seems to be a very pertinent theme in the present day, it is suggested the extension of this study.

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