scholarly journals Gender Differences in Athletic and Academic Cultures on a University Campus

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-124
Author(s):  
Kenneth Sellers ◽  
George B. Yancey ◽  
Kelsey C. Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Academic Department ◽  
Academic Departments ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Market Culture ◽  
Academic Cultures ◽  
Clan Culture ◽  
Sports Team

Abstract: In order to explore the differences between a student’s academic life and a scholar-athlete’s sports life, we investigated the organizational cultures of a university’s academic departments and sports teams by surveying 259 students and 230 student-athletes. We found the academic cultures to be more clannish (family oriented) and the sports cultures more market (performance and results) driven. For the female athletes, we found a negative relationship between clan culture and satisfaction with their sports team, while for everyone else (male and female students and male athletes) clan culture was positively related to satisfaction with academic department or sports team. Relatedly, for the female athletes, the relationship between market culture and satisfaction with their sports team was positive, while for everyone else (male and female students and male athletes) market culture was negatively related to satisfaction with academic department or sports team. This suggests that there are important differences between the experiences of male and female student-athletes. We also found the participants in the business school to be less clannish than those in the other schools and colleges. We discuss the practical implications of these results for coaches of male and female athletes and for campus leaders of academic departments.  

Collegiate Athletes’ Gendered Perceptions of a Hypothetical Male and Female Coach

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-55
Author(s):  
Lori Rittenhouse-Wollmuth ◽  
Cindra S. Kamphoff ◽  
Jon Lim
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Head Coach ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Head ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Female Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Female Coaches

Historically, the world of sport is considered a masculine domain characterized by power, aggression, and physical contact (Hall, 1996). The exclusionary elements of the male culture of sport have created gender inequities in participation (Birrell & Theberge, 1994), and a gendered perception of male and female coaches (Frankl & Babitt, 1998; Weinberg, Reveles, & Jackson, 1984). The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of male and female collegiate athletes of a hypothetical male and female coach, and to determine if female coaches are more accepted compared to Weinberg et al.’s study investigating male and female athletes’ perceptions of a hypothetical coach. The Attitudinal Questionnaire (Weinberg, Reveles, & Jackson, 1984) was utilized to determine athletes’ attitudes about a hypothetical coach. A 2 × 2 MANOVA indicated a significant interaction between the gender of a hypothetical head coach and the gender of an athlete, and a significant main effect for gender. Univariate ANOVA results indicate that males and females differed in their attitudes and perceptions of both a hypothetical male and female head coach. The female athletes, compared to male athletes, were more likely to be accepting of coaches regardless of the coaches’ gender. Furthermore, male athletes were less accepting of female coaches. In addition, when comparing the means of the current study to Weinberg et al.’s (1984) study, results indicate that female coaches were not more accepted than in 1984.

Olympic Athletes and Heroism in Advertising: Gendered Concepts of Valor?

2002 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Robyn Goodman ◽  
Lisa L. Duke ◽  
John Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Olympic Athletes ◽  
Television Advertisements

This analysis of television advertisements aired during NBC's telecast of the 2000 NBC Summer Olympics examined advertisers' use of Jungian-based concepts of heroism and gendered concepts of heroism. Using traditional archetypes of heroes—the Innocent, Orphan, Martyr, Wanderer, Warrior, and Magician—the study analyzed commercials featuring Olympic athletes. Findings were that male and female athletes were equally portrayed as Warriors. However, male athletes were more likely to be portrayed as preparing for and doing battle successfully while female athletes were more likely to be celebrated for their athletic skills and achievements.

scholarly journals Somatotype of male and female judokas according to weight categories

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Roberto Roklicer ◽  
Dragan Atanasov ◽  
Filip Sadri ◽  
Dzenan Jahic ◽  
Danilo Bojanic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
National Level ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
The Body ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Method Analysis

SummaryStudy aim: The body structure can play a determining role in the achievement of top judo performance, and it seems to influence the type of techniques applied. The aim of this study is to determine the somatotypes in male and female national level judokas across weight categories in order to observe possible differences among athletes.Material and methods: A total of 61 male judokas (23.2 ± 2.7 years old) and 37 female judokas (22.3 ± 3.3 years old) participated in this study. Anthropometric variables were used to calculate somatotypes. Somatotypes were determined according to the Heath-Carter method. Analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test were used to determine differences between weight categories and obtained effect sizes (η2) were presented as well.Results: Somatotype differences among weight categories in male and female judokas were observed. Generally, all categories could be classified in three somatotypes in male and female athletes.Conclusions: The lightest categories were recognized as mesomorphic ectomorphs in females with an exception in the –48 kg category, and ectomorphic mesomorphs in male athletes. The middle ones had the endomorphic mesomorph somatotype and the heaviest athletes presented somewhat more extreme cases of endomorphic mesomorphs, both in male and female judokas. According to the results obtained, judokas have a specific body composition in different weight categories. Therefore, coaches could create a specific training programme for athletes who belong to different somatotypes.

scholarly journals Psychological Characteristics of Athletes at Student’s Education and Training Center in Bengkulu

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Yahya Eko Nopiyanto ◽  
Septian Raibowo ◽  
Gilang Ugo Prabowo
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Weight Lifting ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Training Center ◽  
Psychological Skills ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Student Training ◽  
Data Collection Technique

The study of athletes’ psychological characteristics in the education and students training center (PLPP) Bengkulu needs to be conducted as an effort to fix athletes’ training and achievement in PLPP Bengkulu. The purpose of this study was to determine the psychological difference between male and female athletes in the education and student training center (PPLP) of Bengkulu. Type of this research was quantitative with a comparative design. The subjects in this research were 26 athletes, namely 6 athletic athletes, 4 weight lifting athletes, 8 wrestling athletes, 4 karate athletes, and 4 boxing athletes. The data collection technique was conducted with the psychological skills inventory for sports that adopted from Mahoney, Gabriel & Perkins, (1987). Validity of the instrument is 0,21–0,35 and the reliability is 0,890. Data were analyzed using t-test with a significant level of 0.05. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be seen that male athletes have a mean of 133.52 while female athletes have a mean value of 142.72 and significant value 0f 0,60>0.05.  From results of this research, it was concluded that there were no difference in the psychological characteristics between male and female athletes in the education and students training center (PPLP) of Bengkulu. For the next researcher is expected to able using more samples and adding other research variables such as training of psychological skill and athletes personalities.

Use of the Personal Orientation Inventory with Disabled Athletes

1988 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudine Sherrill ◽  
Tamara Gilstrap ◽  
Kenneth Richir ◽  
Barbara Gench ◽  
Marilyn Hinson
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Personal Orientation Inventory ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Hand Eye Coordination ◽  
Personal Orientation ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Athletes who are blind or have impairments in hand-eye coordination that prevent writing are unable to complete psychological inventories in the standardized manner, i.e., read silently and answered independently and anonymously. Two studies were conducted on the oral administration of the Personal Orientation Inventory as a measure of self-actualization of disabled athletes. Reliabilities were examined across modalities (oral vs written) by administering the inventory both ways to 25 high school and college athletes, M age = 21.6 yr. Test-retest reliability for oral administration was affirmed in a study of 15 blind elite male athletes and 15 cerebral palsied elite male and female athletes. It was concluded that the inventory, administered orally, may be appropriately used with disabled athletes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Use of Nutrition Support Products in Taekwondo Athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinan Seyhan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Nutrition Support ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
High Level

The purpose of this study was to determine the use of nutrition support products by male and female athletes who are involved in taekwondo and their level of knowledge in this respect. The sample group was formed with male and female (n=300) athletes who are actively involved in taekwondo. 300 of the collected questionnaires, which were determined to have been filled in correctly, were evaluated. Of the questionnaires evaluated, 108 belonged to female taekwondo athletes and 192 belonged to male taekwondo athletes. The arithmetic average, standard deviation and percent frequency (%) distributions of the obtained data were calculated. It was stated that 47.4% of male athletes and 41.7% of female athletes use the nutrition support products and the most preferred products by male athletes are protein powder (38%); amino acid (18.2%); vitamin (13.5%); mineral 8.9%; creatine (9.4%) and other nutrition support products (%12). It was found that female athletes also use the same products and these products are protein powder (30.6%); amino acid (15.7%); vitamin (18.5%); mineral 13%; creatine (8.3%) and other nutrition support products (13.9%). It was determined that the use of nutrition support products in male athletes was provided through doctor (20.8%), pharmacist (10.9%), friends (10.4%) and neighbors (3.6%), and in female athletes, through doctor (23.1%), pharmacist (16.7%), friends (6.5%) and neighbors (2.8%). Reasons for taekwondo athletes to use nutrition support products were to improve their athletic performance for 65.1% of males and 67.6% of females, and to cope with the fatigue for 17.2% of males and 17.6% of females. Our study results show that athletes who are involved in taekwondo use nutrition support products at a high level in order to increase their athletic performances. It is important for athletes using nutrition support products to use these products under the supervision of an expert for their health.

scholarly journals Running Performance of Male Versus Female Players in Australian Football Matches: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Wing ◽  
Nicolas H. Hart ◽  
Callum McCaskie ◽  
Petar Djanis ◽  
Fadi Ma’ayah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Analysis Window ◽  
Australian Football ◽  
Playing Time ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background Australian Football is a fast paced, intermittent sport, played by both male and female populations. The aim of this systematic review was to compare male and female Australian Football players, competing at elite and sub-elite levels, for running performance during Australian Football matches based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Methods Medline, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science searches, using search terms inclusive of Australian Football, movement demands and microsensor technology, returned 2535 potential manuscripts, of which 33 were included in the final analyses. Results Results indicated that male athletes performed approximately twice the total running distances of their female counterparts, which was likely due to the differences in quarter length (male elite = 20 min, female elite = 15 min (plus time-on). When expressed relative to playing time, the differences between males and females somewhat diminished. However, high-speed running distances covered at velocities > 14.4 km·h−1 (> 4 m·s−1) were substantially greater (≥ 50%) for male than female players. Male and female players recorded similar running intensities during peak periods of play of shorter duration (e.g., around 1 min), but when the analysis window was lengthened, females showed a greater decrement in running performance. Conclusion These results suggest that male players should be exposed to greater training volumes, whereas training intensities should be reasonably comparable across male and female athletes.

scholarly journals Upper Limb Strikes Reactive Forces in Mix Martial Art Athletes during Ground and Pound Tactics

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 7782
Author(s):  
Vaclav Beranek ◽  
Petr Stastny ◽  
Vit Novacek ◽  
Petr Votapek ◽  
Josef Formanek
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Skull Bone ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Fracture Force ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Martial Art ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Professional Self

Athletes of mixed martial arts use a ground and pound strategy with the strikes in the dominant ground position. The aim of this study was to compare the average peak force (Fpeak) among three punches and to estimate the probability of achieving a skull bone fracture force of 5.1 kN for each type of strike in male and female athletes. A total of 60 males and 31 females (26 ± 8 years, 75 ± 20 kg, 177 ± 11 cm) practicing professional self-defense at the advanced and professional levels performed 15 strikes on a force plate. The analyses of 1360 trials showed significant differences among the strikes Fpeak in females (p < 0.01) and males (p < 0.01). Straight punches had lower Fpeak than palm strikes and elbow strikes in both genders, and palm strikes had higher Fpeak than elbow strikes in females. No difference was observed between palm strikes and elbow strikes in males (p = 0.09). The ground and pound strikes resulted in higher impacts than previously reported strikes in the standing position. Male athletes can deliver a Fpeak above 5.1 kN with a probability of 36% with elbow and palm strikes. Such forces can cause head injury; therefore, the use of these strikes in competition should be carefully considered.

Perceived Traits of Male and Female Athletes

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darhl M. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female

Profiles of personality traits for male and female athletes were obtained from 133 men and 71 women raters. Traits were rated using a 7-point semantic differential with 11 bipolar items. A profile analysis showed that the profiles of the traits were distinct. There were no significant differences in the ratings by men and women raters. Male athletes were rated as more active, aggressive, competitive, dominating, controlling, instrumental, and public. Female athletes were rated as more goal-oriented, organized, and rule-governed.

scholarly journals Introducing instagagement: analyzing the engagement rates of professional tennis players through self-presentation strategies on Instagram

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Lebel
Keyword(s):  
Female Athlete ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Athletic Competence ◽  
Professional Tennis ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
Fan Engagement

This study explored the self-presentation strategies of male and female professional tennis players on the visual-based social media platform, Instagram, and explored the differences that exist between genders relative to fan engagement. A total of 963 Instagram posts were analyzed through content analyses of the top ten most followed professional male and female tennis players. Findings suggest that down-to-earth posts were the most common selfpresentation strategy for both genders; however, male athletes were found to post in a wider variety of categories. Sport specific presentations of self (athletic competence, behind-the-scenes and celebratory) were found to be significantly more popular among male athletes, constituting 46.1% of their sample, compared to 24.5% of the female athlete sample. Fan engagement rates revealed that followers of male athletes engaged with celebratory content the most, while followers of female athletes engaged most with sexualized content.

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