scholarly journals Preliminary Impacts of an HIV-Prevention Program Targeting Out-of-School Youth in Postconflict Liberia

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 2333794X1875445
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Kennedy ◽  
Katherine Atwood ◽  
Albert O. Harris ◽  
Curtis H. Taylor ◽  
Steve Shamblen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sexual Risk Taking ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Condom Attitudes

Adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa account for greater HIV/STI (human immuno defiency virus/sexually transmitted infection) burdens and difficult-to-reach populations. This study implemented a community-based HIV/STI program to reach at-risk youth aged 15 to 17 years in postconflict Liberia. Using a randomized controlled trial, community youths were assigned to an adapted version of an effective HIV/STI program, Making Proud Choices, or attention-matched comparison curriculum, General Health Program. Both programs were of similar doses, reach and coverage, and administered in classroom settings by trained health educators. The findings suggest that the adapted HIV/STI program had positive effects on knowledge, sexual refusal and condom use self-efficacy, condom negotiation self-efficacy, positive condom attitudes, parental communication about sex, and negative condom attitudes over time. Culturally adapted community-based, behavioral-driven programs can positively affect mediators of sexual behaviors in at-risk adolescents in postconflict settings. This is the first published report of an evidence-based HIV/STI program on sexual risk-taking behaviors of community youths in Liberia.

Effect combined learning on oral health self-efficacy and self-care behaviors of students: a randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Sadat Hashemi ◽  
Mahboobeh khorsandi ◽  
Mohsen Shamsi ◽  
Rahmatollah Moradzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Education Data ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: In order to prevent oral diseases, the use of appropriate educational methods at childhood is one of the most important determinants of the public health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of training through animations and games on oral health self-efficacy and self-care behaviors in students aged 6-12 years old. Methods: In this interventional study, 82 students were selected using cluster random sampling (38 subjects in the case group and 44 in the control group). The case group received 4 sessions of blended learning per week including animations and games while the control group received routine school education. Data were collected in six domains, including demographics, self-care, knowledge, attitude, behavior and self-efficacy before and 5 months after the intervention using a questionnaire. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis. Results: Five months after the intervention, the mean score of self-care increased from 3.8 to 4.8 of 5, the mean score of self-efficacy increased from 36.8 to 48.9 of 70, and the mean score of behavior increased from 17.07 to 18.29 of 32, indicating significant changes (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in these variables in the control group (p >0.05) Conclusion: Use of combined methods for oral health self-care education has positive effects on the students' performance and self-efficacy. IRCT registration number: This trial has been registered at IRCT. IRCT2017042133565N1 Registration date: 2017-05-17 https://en.irct.ir/trial/25851

Sexual Relationship Power and Safe Sex Communication Among Partnered Women in the Dominican Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Heidi Luft ◽  
Weiming Ke ◽  
Lara Trifol ◽  
Mina Halpern ◽  
Elaine Larson
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infection ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Safe Sex ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Sex Communication ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dominican Women

Introduction: Research is needed to identify influences on safe sex communication among specific culture groups. This study aimed to (1) describe sexual behaviors and indicators of sexual power among partnered Dominican women and (2) identify which of these indicators are significantly associated with safe sex communication. Methodology: Cross-sectional surveys, grounded in the theory of gender and power, were conducted with 100 partnered women at a clinic in southeastern Dominican Republic. Linear regression modeling was used to identify significant associations. Results: Self-efficacy (β = 0.48), total personal monthly income (β = 0.21), and history of sexually transmitted infection (β = 0.19) were significantly associated with higher level of partner safe sex communication. Discussion: Nurse clinicians, educators, and researchers should consider self-efficacy, personal income, and history of sexually transmitted infection when addressing communication in HIV prevention efforts among Dominican women.

scholarly journals Impact of a Family Economic Intervention (Bridges) on Health Functioning of Adolescents Orphaned by HIV/AIDS: A 5-Year (2012–2017) Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-513
Author(s):  
Fred M. Ssewamala ◽  
Julia Shu-Huah Wang ◽  
Rachel Brathwaite ◽  
Sicong Sun ◽  
Larissa Jennings Mayo-Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Well Being ◽  
School Level ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Sexual Risk Taking ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Match Rate

Objectives. To investigate the long-term impacts of a family economic intervention on physical, mental, and sexual health of adolescents orphaned by AIDS in Uganda. Methods. Students in grades 5 and 6 from 48 primary schools in Uganda were randomly assigned at the school level (cluster randomization) to 1 of 3 conditions: (1) control (n = 487; 16 schools), (2) Bridges (1:1 savings match rate; n = 396; 16 schools), or (3) Bridges PLUS (2:1 savings match rate; n = 500; 16 schools). Results. At 24 months, compared with participants in the control condition, Bridges and Bridges PLUS participants reported higher physical health scores, lower depressive symptoms, and higher self-concept and self-efficacy. During the same period, Bridges participants reported lower sexual risk-taking intentions compared with the other 2 study conditions. At 48 months, Bridges and Bridges PLUS participants reported better self-rated health, higher savings, and lower food insecurity. During the same period, Bridges PLUS participants reported reduced hopelessness, and greater self-concept and self-efficacy. At 24 and 48 months, Bridges PLUS participants reported higher savings than Bridges participants. Conclusions. Economic interventions targeting families raising adolescents orphaned by AIDS can contribute to long-term positive health and overall well-being of these families. Trial Registration. ClinicalTrials.gov registration no. NCT01447615.

scholarly journals A community-based parent-support programme to prevent child maltreatment: Protocol for a randomised controlled trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mairead Furlong ◽  
Ann Stokes ◽  
Sinead McGilloway ◽  
Grainne Hickey ◽  
Yvonne Leckey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Child Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Randomised Controlled

The prevention of child abuse and neglect is a global public health priority due to its serious, long-lasting effects on personal, social, and economic outcomes. The Children At Risk Model (ChARM) is a wraparound-inspired intervention that coordinates evidence-based parenting- and home-visiting programmes, along with community-based supports, in order to address the multiple and complex needs of families at risk of child abuse or neglect. This paper presents the protocol for a study that will be carried out to evaluate this new service model (i.e. no results available as yet). The study comprises a multi-centre, randomised controlled trial, with embedded economic and process evaluations. The study will be conducted in two child-welfare agencies within socially disadvantaged settings in Ireland. Families with children aged 3-11 years who are at risk of maltreatment (n = 50) will be randomised to either the 20-week ChARM programme (n = 25) or to standard care (n = 25) using a 1:1 allocation ratio. The primary outcomes are incidences of child maltreatment and child behaviour and wellbeing. Secondary outcomes include quality of parent-child relationships, parental stress, mental health, substance use, recorded incidences of substantiated abuse, and out-of-home placements. Assessments will take place at pre-intervention, and at 6- and 12-month follow-up periods. The study is the first evaluation of a wraparound-inspired intervention, incorporating evidence-based programmes, designed to prevent child abuse and neglect within high risk families where children are still living in the home. The findings will offer a unique contribution to the development, implementation and evaluation of effective interventions in the prevention of child abuse and neglect. The trial is registered with the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number Register (DOI 10.1186/ISRCTN13644600, Date of registration: 3rd June 2015).

scholarly journals Bouldering psychotherapy is effective in enhancing perceived self-efficacy in people with depression: results from a multicenter randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
André Kratzer ◽  
Katharina Luttenberger ◽  
Nina Karg-Hefner ◽  
Maren Weiss ◽  
Lisa Dorscht
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Group Setting ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract Background Recent studies have suggested that therapeutic climbing/bouldering may have positive effects on perceived self-efficacy. Nevertheless, there is still an urgent need for high-quality studies, as many existing studies have suffered from methodological problems. Therefore, the current work was aimed at investigating the effect of a manualized bouldering psychotherapy (BPT) on perceived self-efficacy in people with depression, compared with a home-based physical exercise program (EP) and state-of-the-art cognitive behavioral group therapy (CBT). Methods In a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial, 233 people with depression were randomly assigned to one group (BPT, EP, or CBT). Perceived self-efficacy was assessed at baseline (t0) and directly after the 10-week intervention period (t1) with the GSE. In addition, depression was assessed with the PHQ-9 and the MADRS. We computed t tests, analyses of variance (ANOVAs), confounder-adjusted hierarchical regression analyses, mediation analyses, and several sensitivity analyses. Results BPT participants showed a significantly larger increase in perceived self-efficacy on the GSE compared with the EP (an increase of 3.04 vs. 1.26 points, p = .016, Cohen’s d = 0.39). In the confounder-adjusted hierarchical multiple regression analysis, group allocation (BPT vs. EP) was found to be the only significant predictor of the postintervention GSE score (β = .16, p = .014) besides the baseline GSE score (β = .69, p < .001). No differences were found between BPT and CBT participants regarding the effect on perceived self-efficacy. Only in the CBT group, the relationship between depression at baseline and postintervention was partially mediated (23%) by perceived self-efficacy. Conclusions Participation in the manualized BPT in a group setting leads to a clinically relevant enhancement of perceived self-efficacy in people with depression. This effect is superior to that of physical exercise alone. The results provide also initial indications that BPT is comparable to CBT in enhancing perceived self-efficacy, suggesting a strong case for a broader use of BPT as a supplement to existing health services. Future studies should focus on the modes of action of BPT and its effect on perceived self-efficacy in people with other mental or physical disorders. Trial registration ISRCTN12457760, registered partly retrospectively, 26 July 2017.

Safer Sex Self-Efficacy Among Women With Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052092577
Author(s):  
Shy C. Porter ◽  
Mona Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Safer Sex ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Abused Women ◽  
Condom Attitudes

Women who have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) are more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors that increase the likelihood of adverse sexual health outcomes, including HIV acquisition. This study explored key predictors of safer sex self-efficacy in a sample of racially/ethnically diverse abused women. A total of 173 women were recruited from domestic violence agencies and completed a battery of measures that assessed risk factors associated with HIV risk. Both individual- and relationship-level predictors of safer sex self-efficacy were examined, including IPV, partner dependence, HIV knowledge, condom attitudes, self-esteem, and alcohol use. Hierarchical linear regression analysis results indicated several key predictors for safer sex self-efficacy, including IPV ( B = −0.01, p < .05), partner dependence ( B = −0.45, p < .001), condom attitudes ( B = 0.63, p < .001), and alcohol use ( B = − 0.24, p < .05). It is evident that a number of individual- and relationship-level factors affect the degree of safer sex self-efficacy among abused women. In work with this population, researchers and clinicians should intentionally attend to the identified predictors to most effectively address the needs of these women.

scholarly journals A community-based parent-support programme to prevent child maltreatment: Protocol for a randomised controlled trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Mairead Furlong ◽  
Sinead McGilloway ◽  
Ann Stokes ◽  
Grainne Hickey ◽  
Yvonne Leckey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Child Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Randomised Controlled

The prevention of child abuse and neglect is a global public health priority due to its serious, long-lasting effects on personal, social, and economic outcomes. The Children At Risk Model (ChARM) is a wraparound-inspired intervention that coordinates evidence-based parenting- and home-visiting programmes, along with community-based supports, in order to address the multiple and complex needs of families at risk of child abuse or neglect. The study comprises a multi-centre, randomised controlled trial, with embedded economic and process evaluations. The study is being conducted in two child-welfare agencies within socially disadvantaged settings in Ireland. Families with children aged 3-11 years who are at risk of maltreatment (n = 50) will be randomised to either the 20-week ChARM programme (n = 25) or to standard care (n = 25) using a 1:1 allocation ratio. The primary outcomes are incidences of child maltreatment and child behaviour and wellbeing. Secondary outcomes include quality of parent-child relationships, parental stress, mental health, substance use, recorded incidences of substantiated abuse, and out-of-home placements. Assessments will take place at pre-intervention, and at 6- and 12-month follow-up periods. The study is the first evaluation of a wraparound-inspired intervention, incorporating evidence-based programmes, designed to prevent child abuse and neglect within intact families. The findings offer a unique contribution to the development, implementation and evaluation of effective interventions in the prevention of child abuse and neglect. The trial is registered with the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number Register (DOI 10.1186/ISRCTN13644600, Date of registration: 3rd June 2015).

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