scholarly journals Determinants of Neonatal Sepsis among Neonates Admitted to Public Hospitals in Central Ethiopia: Unmatched Case-control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2110261
Author(s):  
Gizachew Abdissa Bulto ◽  
Daniel Belema Fekene ◽  
Benyam Seifu Woldeyes ◽  
Bikila Tefera Debelo
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Meconium Aspiration ◽  
Central Ethiopia ◽  
Prolonged Duration ◽  
Control Study

Background. Neonatal sepsis is the cause of substantial morbidity and mortality, mostly affecting the developing countries including Ethiopia. Previously conducted studies also highlighted the high prevalence of neonatal sepsis in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing the determinants of neonatal sepsis in the central Ethiopia. Method. Institution based un-matched case control study was conducted among 192 cases (neonates with sepsis) and 384 controls (without sepsis) in public hospitals in Central Ethiopia. The data were collected through face-to-face interview using structured questionnaire and extraction from maternal and neonatal charts. Binary logistic regression (bi-variable and multi-variable) model was fitted. Adjusted odds ratio with respect to 95% confidence interval was employed for the strength and directions of the association. Results. Younger maternal-age; 30 to 34 years (AOR = 0.41, 95%CI: 0.19-0.85) and 25 to 29 years (AOR = 0.38, 95%CI: 0.17-0.84), not having antenatal care (ANC) follow-ups (AOR = 1.89, 95%CI: 1.02-3.49), place of delivery; home (AOR = 12.6, 95%CI: 5.32-29.82) and health center (AOR = 2.74, 95%CI: 1.7, 4.41), prolonged duration of labor (AOR = 1.90, 95%CI: 1.22, 2.96), prolonged rupture of membrane 12 to 17 hours (AOR = 3.26, 95%CI: 1.46, 7.26) and ≥18 hours (AOR = 5.18, 95%CI: 1.98, 13.55) were maternal related determinants of neonatal sepsis. Whereas, prematurity (AOR = 2.74, 95%CI: 1.73, 4.36), being resuscitated (AOR = 1.93, 95%CI: 1.22, 3.06) and not having meconium aspiration syndrome (AOR = 2.55, 95%CI: 1.34, 4.83) were identified as neonatal related determinants of neonatal sepsis. Conclusion. Younger maternal age, not having antenatal care follow-up, home, and health center delivery, prolonged duration of labor, prolonged duration of rupture of membrane, prematurity, had resuscitation, and neonates without meconium aspiration syndrome were found to be determinants of neonatal sepsis. Therefore, the concerned stakeholders should consider those identified determinants during an intervention for improvement of neonatal health.

scholarly journals Determinants of preterm birth in public hospitals in central Ethiopia: an unmatched case-control study

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 773
Author(s):  
Berhanu Senbeta Deriba ◽  
Agumas Fentahun Ayalew ◽  
Addis Adera Gebru
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽  
Central Ethiopia ◽  
Control Study

Background: Around 15 million babies are born prematurely in the world every year. The most common cause of neonatal death in Ethiopia is premature birth. To reduce the rate of preterm delivery by correcting modifiable or preventable causes, the availability of local data is important. Hence, this study aimed to identify the determinants of preterm birth among women who gave birth in public hospitals in central Ethiopia. Methods: An Institutional-based unmatched case-control study was conducted at public hospitals in central Ethiopia to select 170 cases and 340 controls. The collected data were entered into EPI INFO and transferred to SPSS for analysis. Tables, graphs, and proportions were used to present the results. Binary and multiple logistic regressions analysis were computed to identify determinants of preterm birth. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR), 95% Confidence Interval (CI), and a p-value < 0.05 were computed to determine the presence of an association between preterm birth and independent variables. Results: A total of 166 cases and 332 controls participated in the study, giving a response rate of 97.6%. Cigarette smoking (AOR=3.77, 95% CI=1.35,10.56), alcohol consumption (AOR=1.85, 95% CI=1.11,3.10), wanted but unplanned pregnancy (AOR=3,95% CI=1.68,5.34), neither wanted nor planned pregnancy(AOR=3.61% CI=1.62,8.06), lack of antenatal care (ANC) visits (AOR=4.13, 95% CI=1.95, 8.74), adverse birth outcomes (AOR=5.66, 95% CI=2.88,11.12), presence of a diagnosed illness (AOR=2.81, 95% CI=1.37, 5.76), presence of one or more of obstetrics complications(AOR=6.44, 95% CI=5.49, 3.35, 9), and hemoglobin level < 11g/dl  (AOR=2.78, 95% CI=1.48, 5.22) were determinants of preterm birth. Conclusion:-In this study, cigarette smoking status, alcohol drinking status, pregnancy status, adverse birth outcomes, ANC visits, obstetric complications,  presence of medical illness, and anemia were identified as determinants of preterm birth. It is important to encourage such women to attend ANC visits, stop smoking, and abstain from alcohol.

scholarly journals Neonatal sepsis risk factors in public hospitals in Wollega zones, Ethiopia: case control study

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werku Etafa ◽  
Getahun Fetensa ◽  
Reta Tsegaye ◽  
Bizuneh Wakuma ◽  
Sundararajan Vasantha Kumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Sepsis Risk ◽  
Control Study

Meconium aspiration syndrome in infants of HIV-positive women: a case-control study

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin K. Gupta ◽  
Pam Haerr ◽  
Richard David ◽  
Alok Rastogi ◽  
Suma Pyati
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Meconium Aspiration ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Maternal Hiv ◽  
Maternal Hiv Infection ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Hiv Negative

AbstractOur aim was to determine whether maternal HIV infection in the current era is associated with an increased incidence of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) in their infants.Infants born to 149 HIV-positive women at our hospital over a 5-year period were compared with infants born to HIV-negative women in a retrospective case-control study. Charts of all 298 patients included in the study were reviewed for maternal and infant demographics, HIV treatment, vertical transmission and untoward events at delivery or during the hospital course.When compared with HIV-negative women, a greater proportion of HIV-positive women had meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF), 33% vs. 13%, P<0.001; and thick MSAF, 17% vs. 5%, P<0.001, respectively. Seven of 298 infants were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit for MAS; all seven were born to HIV-positive women (P=0.015). AlthoughInfants born to HIV-positive women had significantly more MSAF and MAS than infants born to non-infected women. It is unclear whether this association results from maternal HIV infection itself or from anti-retroviral therapy. Maternal and infant care providers should be prepared for this complication when attending to the deliveries of HIV-positive women.

scholarly journals Nutritional-Related Predictors of Anemia among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Central Ethiopia: An Unmatched Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Berhanu Senbeta Deriba ◽  
Gizachew Abdissa Bulto ◽  
Elias Teferi Bala
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Additional Food ◽  
Central Ethiopia ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Pregnant Mothers

Background. Anemia is a major public health problem in both developed and developing countries especially among pregnant women. Nearly half of pregnant women in Ethiopia have anemia which has both health and economic impacts. Therefore, this study is aimed at identifying nutritional-related predictors of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Central Ethiopia, 2019. Methods. An unmatched case-control study was conducted at public hospitals in Central Ethiopia from February to April 2019. The consecutive sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data were collected by a structured questionnaire, and the collected data were entered into Epi Info version 7 and SPSS version 23 for analysis. Binary and multiple logistic regression analyses were computed to identify predictors of anemia. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and p value < 0.05 was used to determine the presence of an association. Result. A total of 426 pregnant women (142 cases and 284 controls) had participated in this study. Taking tea/coffee immediately after food ( AOR = 2.35 , 95% CI: 1.39-3.99), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) of mothers of <23 centimeters ( AOR = 3.83 , 95% CI: 2.26-6.49), the presence of forbidden food during pregnancy ( AOR = 2.21 , 95% CI: 1.24-3.88), not taking additional food ( AOR = 1.99 , 95% CI: 1.17-3.40), unable to take fruit ( AOR = 4.05 , 95% CI: 1.3-15.47), loss of appetite ( AOR = 2.28 , 95% CI: 1.28-4.09), low dietary diversity score (DDS) ( AOR = 3.29 , 95% CI: 1.83-5.90), and medium DDS ( AOR = 2.88 , 95% CI: 1.46-5.70) were found to be determinants of anemia. Conclusions. Taking tea or coffee immediately after food, MUAC of mothers, the presence of forbidden food, not taking additional food, frequency of taking fruit, and dietary diversity were predictors of anemia among pregnant women. Therefore, interventions targeted at prevention of anemia among pregnant mothers should emphatically consider those identified determinants. This finding also highlights the need for strong nutritional counseling to prevent anemia among pregnant mothers during antenatal care follow-ups along with other interventions.

scholarly journals Predictors of Neonatal Sepsis in Hospitals at Wolaita Sodo Town, Southern Ethiopia: Institution-Based Unmatched Case-Control Study, 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Atkuregn Alemayehu ◽  
Mihiretu Alemayehu ◽  
Aseb Arba ◽  
Hanna Abebe ◽  
Abraham Goa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Control Study

Background. Neonatal sepsis plays a significant role in neonates’ mortality in developing countries accounting for 30-50% of total deaths each year. Gaining insight into neonatal sepsis predictors will provide an opportunity for the stakeholders to reduce the causes of neonatal sepsis. This research is aimed at determining the predictors of neonatal sepsis at Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Referral Hospital and Sodo Christian General Hospital, Ethiopia, April-July 2019. Method. This study employed an institution-based unmatched case-control study by selecting neonates in selected hospitals through consecutive sampling technique. The cases of this study are neonates diagnosed with sepsis. The study used a pretested structured questionnaire for a face-to-face interview to collect data from index mothers. Besides, the review of the record was done using checklists. The data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 24.0 for analysis. The study used descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. The odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to measure the association’s strength. p < 0.05 was the cut-off point for declaration of statistical significance for the multivariate analysis. Results. Factors significantly associated with neonatal sepsis among neonates were maternal age of 15-20 years and 21-30 years, mothers with low income/wealth, history of urinary tract infections/sexually transmitted infections, presence of intrapartum infections, antenatal care follow ‐ up < 3 visits, Apgar (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration) score < 7 , low birth weight, and the time in which breastfeeding started after delivery < 60 minutes. Conclusion. Maternal age, wealth/income, maternal urinary tract infections/sexually transmitted infections, intrapartum fever, antenatal care visit ≤ 3 times, Apgar score < 7 , low birth weight, and starting time of breastfeeding were independent predictors of neonatal sepsis. Therefore, maternal health education during antenatal care visits, perinatal and newborn care, and early initiation of breastfeeding might decrease neonatal mortality and morbidity due to sepsis.

scholarly journals Determinants of Anemia among Pregnant Women at Public Hospitals in West Shewa, Central Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study

Anemia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Berhanu Senbeta Deriba ◽  
Elias Teferi Bala ◽  
Gizachew Abdissa Bulto ◽  
Tinsae Abeya Geleta ◽  
Agumas Fentahun Ayalew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
The West ◽  
Central Ethiopia ◽  
Control Study

Introduction. Anemia is highly dominant among pregnant women due to the need for iron for women themselves and their fetuses. Nearly half a billion globally and around one-third in Ethiopia of pregnant women were affected by anemia which has both health and economic impact. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinants of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public hospitals in the West Shewa zone, Oromia regional state, Central Ethiopia, 2019. Methods. An unmatched case-control study was conducted at public hospitals in the West Shewa zone, Ethiopia, from February to April 2019. A consecutive sampling was used to select study participants. Data were collected by a structured questionnaire, and the collected data were entered into Epi Info version 7 and SPSS version 23 for analyses. Descriptive statistics such as tables, graphs, and proportions were used to present the data. Binary and multiple logistic regression analyses were computed to identify the determinants of anemia. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and p value <0.05 were used to determine the presence of an association. Result. A total of 426 women (142 cases and 284 controls) participated in this study with a 95.3% response rate. Family size >5 (AOR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.34–6.50), peptic ulcer diseases (PUD) (AOR = 2.85, 95% CI: 1.14–7.13), having the previous history of abortion (AOR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.08–7.47), birth interval <2 years (AOR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.20–5.70), antepartum hemorrhage (APH) (AOR = 6.05, 95% CI: 1.95–18.81), and not using latrine (AOR = 3.45, 95% CI: 1.30–9.24) were the identified determinants of anemia. Conclusions. Family size, PUD, abortion, birth interval, APH, and unable to use latrine were the determinants of anemia among pregnant women. Therefore, the intervention on anemia prevention should consider the promotion of family planning methods and counseling on latrine utilization.

scholarly journals Determinants of birth asphyxia among newborns delivered in public hospitals of West Shoa Zone, Central Ethiopia: A case-control study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248504
Author(s):  
Guta Kune ◽  
Habtamu Oljira ◽  
Negash Wakgari ◽  
Ebisa Zerihun ◽  
Mecha Aboma
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Breech Presentation ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Central Ethiopia ◽  
Assisted Delivery ◽  
Prolonged Labor ◽  
Control Study

Birth asphyxia is one of the leading causes of death in low and middle-income countries and the prominent cause of neonatal mortality in Ethiopia. Early detection and managing its determinants would change the burden of birth asphyxia. Thus, this study identified determinants of birth asphyxia among newborns delivered in public hospitals of West Shoa Zone, central Ethiopia. A hospital-based unmatched case-control study was conducted from May to July 2020. Cases were newborns with APGAR (appearance, pulse, grimaces, activity, and respiration) score of <7 at first and fifth minute of birth and controls were newborns with APGAR score of ≥ 7 at first and fifth minute of birth. All newborns with birth asphyxia during the study period were included in the study while; two comparable controls were selected consecutively after each birth asphyxia case. A pre-tested and structured questionnaire was used to collect maternal socio-demographic and antepartum characteristics. The pre-tested checklist was used to retrieve intrapartum and fetal related factors from both cases and controls. The collected data were entered using Epi-Info and analyzed by SPSS. Bi-variable logistic regression analysis was done to identify the association between each independent variable with the outcome variable. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% CI and a p-value of <0.05 was used to identify determinants of birth asphyxia. In this study, prolonged labor (AOR = 4.15, 95% CI: 1.55, 11.06), breech presentation (AOR = 5.13, 95% CI: 1.99, 13.21), caesarean section delivery (AOR = 3.67, 95% CI: 1.31, 10.23), vaginal assisted delivery (AOR = 5.69, 95% CI: 2.17, 14.91), not use partograph (AOR = 3.36, 95% CI: 1.45, 7.84), and low birth weight (AOR = 3.74, 95% CI:1.49, 9.38) had higher odds of birth asphyxia. Prolonged labor, breech presentation, caesarean and vaginal assisted delivery, fails to use partograph and low birth weights were the determinants of birth asphyxia. Thus, health care providers should follow the progress of labor with partograph to early identify prolonged labor, breech presentation and determine the mode of delivery that would lower the burden of birth asphyxia.

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