Theoretical and Practical Challenges to Stop Recidivism Among Juveniles: Three Cases Studies of Male Juveniles in Karachi, Pakistan

Institutionalised Children Explorations and Beyond ◽

10.1177/23493003211033089 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 234930032110330

Author(s):

Abdullah Khoso ◽

Umbreen Kousar

Keyword(s):

Community Members ◽

Community Based ◽

Community Based Rehabilitation ◽

Institutional Issues ◽

Policy Measures ◽

Industrial School ◽

And Training ◽

Youthful Offender

In Pakistan, research (within academia and outside of it) lacks discussion and analysis of the policy, legal, administrative, institutional issues, challenges and barriers in addressing recidivism among juveniles. Therefore, this article’s primary aim is to understand the different factors that prevent children from recidivism; or instead, they contribute to juveniles’ developing tendency to re-offend. Three children between 15 to 18 years of age were interviewed at the superintendent of the Youthful Offender Industrial School (YOIS) in Karachi; also, an interview was conducted with the Director Reclamation and Probation, Sindh. The findings reveal that partial legal and institutional provisions and arrangements exist to address recidivism. However, these provisions are not implemented to stop children from re-offending. The analysis also shows that detention exists, but they did not have rehabilitation programmes, whereas community-based rehabilitation did not exist. Instead, these places (institutions and communities) educate children on how the crimes are being committed. The study’s findings suggest serious policy measures to deal with recidivism among male juveniles through diverse programmes and training and sensitisation of the police and judicial officials and the community members.

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Neighbourhood support to families with a disabled child: observations on a coping strategy of caregivers in a Jamaican community-based rehabilitation programme

Child Care Health and Development ◽

10.1046/j.1365-2214.1996.816816.x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 397-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R Bischoff ◽

M J Thorburn ◽

P Reitmaier

Keyword(s):

Coping Strategy ◽

Rehabilitation Programme ◽

Community Based ◽

Community Based Rehabilitation

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Community-Based Rehabilitation of Children with Disabilities and Its Contribution to the Protection of Children

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e500792015-318 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Jose Campang ◽

Emma Estrada

Keyword(s):

Children With Disabilities ◽

Community Based ◽

Community Based Rehabilitation

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CAPACITY BUILDING PENGURUS REHABILITASI BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DALAM PELAYANAN TERHADAP PENYANDANG DISABILITAS DI KELURAHAN BABAKAN CIPARAY KECAMATAN BABAKAN CIPARAY KOTA BANDUNG

Pekerjaan Sosial ◽

10.31595/peksos.v18i1.159 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Arif Setiadi

Keyword(s):

Action Research ◽

Capacity Building ◽

Community Based ◽

Persons With Disabilities ◽

Community Based Rehabilitation ◽

Building Community

Capacity Building adalah proses peningkatan kemampuan pengurus Rehabilitasi Berbasis Masyarakat (RBM) dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada penyandang disabilitas, sehingga penyandang disabilitas dapat mengakses pelayanan yang dibutuhkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji tentang Capacity Building Pengurus Rehabilitasi Berbasis Masyarakat dalam Pelayanan terhadap Penyandang Disabilitas di Kelurahan Babakan Ciparay Kecamatan Babakan Ciparay Kota Bandung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan design action research. Sumber yang digunakan adalah sumber data primer dan sumber data sekunder. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, studi dokumentasi, dan Penilaian Kapasitas. Teknik pemeriksaan data yang digunakan yaitu uji kepercayaan, uji keteralihan, uji ketergantungan dan uji kepastian. Selanjutnya hasil penelitian ini di analisis menggunakan teknik analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa capacity building terhadap pengurus RBM Kelurahan Babakan Ciparay membawa perubahan dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada penyandang disabilitas. Capacity Building pengurus RBM tersebut berdampak pada pelayanan terhadap penyandang disabilitas menjadi lebih komprehensif dan berbasis metode serta teknik pekerjaan sosial. Keywords: Capacity Building, Community-Based Rehabilitation, Persons With Disabilities

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Innovative education and training for community-based water protection units

Water Practice & Technology ◽

10.2166/wpt.2012.094 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Frederick Kakembo

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Reuse ◽

Education And Training ◽

Economic Incentives ◽

Community Action ◽

Health Improvement ◽

Wastewater Management ◽

Water Protection ◽

Community Based ◽

And Training ◽

Innovative Education

The paper explores the centrality of community-based education and training in addressing constraints and opportunities for wastewater management in Uganda. To be sustainable, wastewater management need to be conceived in terms of socio-economic incentives, community action, group pressure and social capital. It is assumed that communities could be motivated to undertake sustainable wastewater disposal activities if concrete benefits are demonstrated. The benefits include among others; reducing expenditure on health; improvement of the fisheries sector and the use of wastewater for crop farming. The paper is based on a study that analyzed the role of socio-economic incentives and Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) in sustainable management of wastewater. Data was collected through personal interviews, documents analysis and review of recent studies on wastewater reuse in Uganda. Focus was put on districts of Mukono, Buikwe and Kayunga in central Uganda. Findings reveal that in line with the Hydro-Social-Health cycle, physical, social, political, economic, and cultural factors converge to influence wastewater management. The paper duly describes innovative education and training approaches based on Communal Water Protection Units (COWAPU) facilitated by multidisciplinary Water Professionals and Educators (WAPE).It is concluded that it is possible to operate a complete sanitation system without subsidies.

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Equity and the distribution of rehabilitation personnel in one health district in the Western Cape

South African Journal of Physiotherapy ◽

10.4102/sajp.v57i4.513 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 4-8

Author(s):

P. Struthers

Keyword(s):

One Health ◽

District Level ◽

Health District ◽

Western Cape ◽

Community Based ◽

State Institutions ◽

Community Based Rehabilitation ◽

Recurrent Cost ◽

The Cost ◽

Rehabilitation Personnel

This paper describes a situation analysis of the rehabilitation personnel, employed by the state and non-governmental organisations, and the services available for people with disabilities in one health district in Cape Town. The recurrent cost of employing the rehabilitation personnel is analysed to determine how funding is allocated within the district. The results indicate that most expenditure on personnel is at two state institutions in the district, with 76% of the expenditure at the regional psychiatric hospital and its residential facility for people with a profound intellectual disability. The balance - 24% of expenditure - is the cost of employing rehabilitation personnel who provide a district level service. Seventy percent of this district level expenditure is at one special school that accepts 6% of children with disabilities in the district. A high percentage of intellectually disabled children and adults, with or without physical disabilities, do not have access to rehabilitation. There is minimal expenditure on employing rehabilitation personnel at the community heath centre. The only expenditure on community based rehabilitation is provided by the non-governmental organisation. The study demonstrates the inequitable distribution of funding for rehabilitation services within one relatively well-resourced health district and makes recommendations to facilitate change.

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Community-Based Interventions to Reduce Child Maltreatment

Research on Social Work Practice ◽

10.1177/1049731520986968 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 104973152098696

Author(s):

Camilla Kin-Ming Lo ◽

Yuet Wing Cho

Keyword(s):

Child Maltreatment ◽

Hybrid Approach ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Community Members ◽

Protective Services ◽

Community Based Interventions ◽

Community Based ◽

Community Institutions ◽

Core Components ◽

Further Development

Purpose: This review seeks to summarize selected literature on existing findings on the impacts of community-based interventions on the actual reduction of child maltreatment and to identify the core components of the interventions. Methods: This study systematically searched electronic databases, including PsycInfo, Medline, and Web of Science. The findings of the selected studies were summarized using narrative synthesis. Results: A total of four studies met the inclusion criteria of this study. The studies showed declines in child maltreatment incidences reported by child protective services and hospitals during the study periods. Four major components and approaches were identified among the selected interventions, including (1) the involvement of community members, (2) partnerships with community institutions, (3) multidisciplinary collaboration, and (4) responsiveness to the needs of the communities involved. Conclusions: The results of this review support the need for further development of community-based interventions using a hybrid approach.

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Measuring the Efficacy of a Pilot Public Health Intervention for Engaging Communities of Puerto Rico to Rapidly Write Hurricane Protection Plans

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x20001429 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Mark E. Keim ◽

Laura A. Runnels ◽

Alexander P. Lovallo ◽

Margarita Pagan Medina ◽

Eduardo Roman Rosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Puerto Rico ◽

User Satisfaction ◽

National Guard ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Public Health Intervention ◽

Health Intervention ◽

Project Work ◽

Community Members ◽

Community Based

Abstract Objective: The efficacy is measured for a public health intervention related to community-based planning for population protection measures (PPMs; ie, shelter-in-place and evacuation). Design: This is a mixed (qualitative and quantitative) prospective study of intervention efficacy, measured in terms of usability related to effectiveness, efficiency, satisfaction, and degree of community engagement. Setting: Two municipalities in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico are included. Participants: Community members consisting of individuals; traditional leaders; federal, territorial, and municipal emergency managers; municipal mayors; National Guard; territorial departments of education, health, housing, public works, and transportation; health care; police; Emergency Medical Services; faith-based organizations; nongovernmental organizations (NGOs); and the private sector. Intervention: The intervention included four community convenings: one for risk communication; two for plan-writing; and one tabletop exercise (TTX). This study analyzed data collected from the project work plan; participant rosters; participant surveys; workshop outputs; and focus group interviews. Main Outcome Measures: Efficacy was measured in terms of ISO 9241-11, an international standard for usability that includes effectiveness, efficiency, user satisfaction, and “freedom from risk” among users. Degree of engagement was considered an indicator of “freedom from risk,” measurable through workshop attendance. Results: Two separate communities drafted and exercised ~60-page-long population protection plans, each within 14.5 hours. Plan-writing workshops completed 100% of plan objectives and activities. Efficiency rates were nearly the same in both communities. Interviews and surveys indicated high degrees of community satisfaction. Engagement was consistent among community members and variable among governmental officials. Conclusions: Frontline communities have successfully demonstrated the ability to understand the environmental health hazards in their own community; rapidly write consensus-based plans for PPMs; participate in an objective-based TTX; and perform these activities in a bi-lingual setting. This intervention appears to be efficacious for public use in the rapid development of community-based PPMs.

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Are Communities Willing to Transition Into Learning Health Care Communities? A Community-Based Participatory Evaluation of Stakeholders’ Receptivity

Qualitative Health Research ◽

10.1177/1049732321998643 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 104973232199864

Author(s):

Nabil Natafgi ◽

Olayinka Ladeji ◽

Yoon Duk Hong ◽

Jacqueline Caldwell ◽

C. Daniel Mullins

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care Delivery ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Care Delivery ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Community Members ◽

Community Based ◽

Care Community ◽

Care Experience ◽

National Initiative

This article aims to determine receptivity for advancing the Learning Healthcare System (LHS) model to a novel evidence-based health care delivery framework—Learning Health Care Community (LHCC)—in Baltimore, as a model for a national initiative. Using community-based participatory, qualitative approach, we conducted 16 in-depth interviews and 15 focus groups with 94 participants. Two independent coders thematically analyzed the transcripts. Participants included community members (38%), health care professionals (29%), patients (26%), and other stakeholders (7%). The majority considered LHCC to be a viable model for improving the health care experience, outlining certain parameters for success such as the inclusion of home visits, presentation of research evidence, and incorporation of social determinants and patients’ input. Lessons learned and challenges discussed by participants can help health systems and communities explore the LHCC aspiration to align health care delivery with an engaged, empowered, and informed community.

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Combating IPV With Community Leaders in Honduras: An Evaluation of an IPV Training Program Among Teachers and Health Professionals

Violence Against Women ◽

10.1177/10778012211008995 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107780122110089

Author(s):

Chunrye Kim ◽

Joel A. Capellan ◽

Hung-En Sung ◽

Eduardo Rafael Orellana

Keyword(s):

Training Program ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Educational Opportunities ◽

Safety Planning ◽

Community Members ◽

Community Based ◽

Confidence Levels ◽

The Impact

Intimate partner violence (IPV) among women in Latin America, including Honduras, is serious. To help IPV victims, a community-based educational program has been implemented. This study aims to examine the impact of IPV training among teachers and health care professionals ( n = 160) on increases in IPV knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy when dealing with IPV victims using a pretest and posttest design. We found that the treatment group who received IPV training showed significantly lower justification for IPV, higher gender equality attitudes, and higher IPV knowledge as well as higher confidence levels in identifying IPV victims and safety planning for victims. We concluded that the IPV training program using the community-based approaches has the potential to help IPV victims in Honduras. More efforts should be made to increase the educational opportunities the community members can receive.

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