Unsealing Fate: Policy Practices Aimed at Reducing the Intergenerational Transmission of Poverty

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Gatzke-Kopp ◽  
Kristine L. Creavey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Behavioral Skills ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Developmental Neuroscience ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health ◽  
Low Income Families

Enabling children born into poverty to transcend the circumstances of their birth requires ensuring that they develop the cognitive, intellectual, and behavioral skills needed to succeed at school, and eventually the workplace. Research in developmental neuroscience highlights how brain systems that support these skills are already influenced by risk factors associated with poverty during prenatal development, indicating the potential value of programs targeted at this developmental stage. Such interventions could include programs that support maternal physical and psychological health, as well as efforts to eliminate known neurotoxins from the environment, all of which are disproportionately represented among low-income families. Maternal stress, environmental nicotine, and lead exposure all represent risk factors that not only directly impact child development, but cascade to translate risk into subsequent generations.

scholarly journals WIC participation and risk factors associated with anemia and iron deficiency in 12–36 month old children from low‐income families

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie M. Schneider ◽  
Mary L. Fujii ◽  
Catherine Lamp ◽  
Katheryn G. Dewey ◽  
Bo Lönnerdal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Wic Participation ◽  
Low Income Families

scholarly journals Clinical Risk Factors Associated with Mortality Among Burn Patients Admitted to Jinnah Burn and Reconstructive Surgery Center, Lahore

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Fatima Sakhawat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Reconstructive Surgery ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Clinical Risk Factors ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
Surgery Center

Introduction: Burn injuries being highly devastating in nature, are associated with extensive morbidity and mortality. Although the incidence of burn injuries is less in developed countries but it is increasing in developing and low income countries. Aims & Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine clinical risk factors associated with mortality among burn patients. Place and duration of study: Jinnah Burn and Reconstructive Surgery Center, Lahore from August 2018 till January 2019. Material & Methods: Data was collected by researchers themselves by studying files of patients. Data analysis was done by using SPSS and Pearson Chi Square test was used to determine association of clinical risk factors with mortality among burn patients. Results: Out of 200 patients, 137 were males. The Mortality rate was 12.50 %. Cardiopulmonary arrest was the most common cause of death. Sepsis was the most common complication among burn patients. Higher mortality rates were observed among patients with arterial/venous and urinary catheterization done. Higher survival rates were seen in those patients who were treated with debridement, grafting surgeries, Colistin Use and aided by mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: Aid through mechanical ventilation, grafting surgeries, wound debridement, use of colistin are associated with improved survival outcomes among burn patients. Whereas inhalational injury, arterial/venous catheterization, urinary catheter and sepsis are seen as major predictors of mortality among burn patients

scholarly journals Early determinants of smoking in adolescence: a prospective birth cohort study

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M. B. Menezes ◽  
Pedro C. Hallal ◽  
Bernardo L. Horta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Systematic Sample ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems ◽  
Prospective Birth Cohort ◽  
Prospective Birth Cohort Study

In a prospective birth cohort study in Brazil, the prevalence and early risk factors for smoking in adolescence were investigated. All 1982 hospital-born children in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were enrolled in a birth cohort study (N = 5,914; boys: 3,037; girls: 2,877). All male participants were searched in 2000 when enrolling in the national army, and 78.8% were traced. In 2001, a systematic sample of 473 girls was interviewed, representing a follow-up rate of 69.1%. Among males, 48.6% (95%CI: 46.6-50.7) had ever tried smoking and 15.8% (95%CI: 14.3-17.3) were daily smokers. Among females, 53.1% (95%CI: 48.6-57.6) had ever tried smoking and 15.4% (95%CI: 12.1-18.7) were daily smokers. Boys born to single mothers and those with fathers with low schooling were more likely to smoke in adolescence. Girls from low-income families, with mothers who smoked during pregnancy, and fathers with alcohol-related problems were more likely to smoke. Although the smoking prevalence was similar in boys and girls, risk factors for smoking were different between the sexes. Social environment appears to be the strongest predictor of tobacco use in adolescence.

scholarly journals Psychosocial risk factors associated with mental health of adolescents amidst the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak

2020 ◽  
pp. 002076402097100
Author(s):  
Muhammad Syawal Amran
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychosocial Risk Factors ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Psychosocial Risks ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
At Home

Background: An outbreak of global pandemic COVID-19 profoundly affects life around the globe. Prolonged isolation, contact restriction and economic shutdown impose a deeply change to the psychosocial environment. These indicate a tendency to threaten the mental health of adolescents’ significantly. Detecting adolescents’ psychosocial risk during Pandemic COVID-19, particularly when they stay at home, may be helpful to better understand their mental health well- being. Aims: The current study aimed to explore psychosocial risk factors associated with mental health of adolescents’ in the midst of the outbreak. Method: This research uses a qualitative approach which focuses on focus group discussions interviews. This research took 6 weeks via online communication platform involving ( n = 15) adolescents from the Low Income Household. Result: The participants adolescents’ psychosocial risk experience during amidst of Outbreak Covid-19 Pandemic are composed of (1) self- conflict (develop negative thought at home, unplanned of daily activities, changing sleep pattern and irregular wake up time and massively use internet) (2) Family Members (Conflict between parent and miscommunication between siblings) (3) School (Piling up on homework, Inadequate guidance for homework and Inability to comprehend online learning). These psychosocial risk factors have caused disruption to daily life adolescents’ during outbreaks and almost inevitably trigger a spike in mental health issues. Conclusion: Overall of study emphasized that psychosocial risks are important factors that can be addressed in order to reduce mental health problem.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Anxiety and Depression among African American and White Women

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalycia Trishana Watson ◽  
Nehezi M. Roberts ◽  
Milda R. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
White Women ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Neighborhood Poverty ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Multivariable Analyses

Background. We examined factors associated with depression and anxiety in a cohort of low-income Baltimore women. Methods. We used Pathways to Adulthood data, a cohort of adults aged 27 to 33 who were born in Baltimore between 1960 and 1965. Our outcomes were a score of >4 on the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) across the depression or anxiety domains. Linear regression clustered on census tract was used for multivariate analysis. Results. In multivariable analyses, unmarried women, White women, those with lower self-rated health, and younger mothers had higher depression scores. Only lower self-rated health and White race were associated with a higher anxiety score. Neither neighborhood poverty nor racial composition was a predictor for anxiety or depression; however, the significant risk factors cluster in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Conclusion. Our work highlights the importance of universal screening for depression or anxiety with more in-depth surveillance based on risk factors rather than on race.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with early breastfeeding cessation among first‐time, low‐income mothers

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie Ann Nommsen‐Rivers ◽  
Arlene Cullum ◽  
Ann M. Mastergeorge ◽  
Robin L. Hansen ◽  
Kathryn G. Dewey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Breastfeeding Cessation ◽  
Low Income Mothers ◽  
First Time

scholarly journals 89Factors associated with pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Neal ◽  
Jocelyn Chan ◽  
Fiona M. Russell ◽  
Cattram. D Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
High Income ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Pneumococcal Carriage ◽  
Carriage Prevalence

Abstract Background Pneumococcal disease is a major contributor to global childhood morbidity and mortality. Pneumococcal carriage is a prerequisite for pneumococcal disease. Identifying factors associated with pneumococcal carriage can aid public health intervention programs. It is unknown if risk factors for pneumococcal carriage differ between low, middle, and high-income countries. We present preliminary findings of our systematic review of factors associated with pneumococcal carriage in community settings, in all ages. Methods A systematic search for pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage studies, published in English before July 2019. Two researchers independently reviewed studies that described factors associated with pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage. Study quality was assessed using the NIH Study Quality Assessment Tools. Results are presented as narrative summaries due to heterogeneity amongst factor definitions. Results Preliminary results are shown. Sixty-seven studies were included. 49% were conducted in high-income countries. Pneumococcal prevalence ranged from 0.3%-97%, 2.6%-89.6%, 14%-73%, 1.6%-82.4% in low-, lower-middle, upper-middle, and high-income classifications. Age, respiratory tract infection symptoms, living with young children, poverty, exposure to smoke, and season were positively associated with pneumococcal carriage in all income classifications. Conclusions Pneumococcal carriage prevalence was highest in low-income classifications. Pneumococcal carriage is associated with similar factors across income classifications. Differences in prevalence of risk factors associated with pneumococcal carriage by income classification may contribute to differences in carriage prevalence by income classifications. Key messages Pneumococcal carriage is considered a prerequisite for pneumococcal disease. Pneumococcal carriage prevalence is highest in low-income countries, however preliminary results suggest risk factors for carriage may be similar across income classifications.

scholarly journals Awareness of Stroke Warning Symptoms, Risk Factors, and Response to Acute Stroke in Biswanath District, Assam, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-91
Author(s):  
Sima Kurmi ◽  
Elezebeth Mathews ◽  
Prakash Babu Kodali ◽  
K. R. Thankappan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Income Group ◽  
Government Employees ◽  
Stroke Risk Factor ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Income Groups

Introduction: This study was undertaken with the following objectives: (a) to find out the awareness of warning symptoms and risk factors of stroke, (b) response to acute stroke, and (c) factors associated with awareness, risk factors, and response to acute stroke among community-dwelling adults in Biswanath district of Assam. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, a community-based study was done among 340 adults (mean age 38 years, men 55%) selected using multistage cluster sampling. Information on sociodemographic variables, stroke warning symptoms, risk factors, and response to acute stroke was collected using an adapted World Health Organization (WHO) STEPs stroke surveillance tool. Bivariate and logistic regression analysis were done to find out the factors associated with stroke warning symptoms, risk factors, and response to acute stroke. A “ P” value < .05 was considered for statistical significance. Results: Awareness of stroke was significantly higher among males ( P < .01), better educated ( P < .01), government employees ( P < .05), high-income group ( P < .01), and those who reported receiving information from a professional source ( P < .01) compared to their counterparts. Knowledge of at least one stroke risk factor and providing at least one correct response to acute stroke was higher among males, better educated, government employees, higher income groups, and those who received information from professional source compared to their counterparts ( P < .05). Conclusion: Awareness of stroke warning symptoms, risk factors, and response to acute stroke needs to be improved focusing on women, low education groups, those working in the nongovernment sector, and low-income groups by health professionals.

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