Balancing Agency with Structure: Institutional Entrepreneurship as an Embedded Discovery Process

2021 ◽  
pp. 239395752110106
Author(s):  
Desmond Ng
Keyword(s):  
Social Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Discovery Process ◽  
Institutional Entrepreneurship ◽  
Dual Structure ◽  
Entrepreneurship Research ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
Institutional Researchers

While mainstream research has treated entrepreneurship as a highly individualised and agentic process, institutional researchers contend that entrepreneurship operates within a greater embedded setting. Various researchers have appealed to Giddens’ dual structure to explain an entrepreneur’s embedded-agency. According to Giddens’ dual structure, this embedded-agency consists of the rules or norms of a social group in which these rules constrain and enable an entrepreneur’s resources. Yet, despite Giddens’ contributions, Giddens is criticised for conflating the rules of this embedded setting with an entrepreneur’s resources in which neither affects the other in any significant way. By drawing on concepts of the Austrian entrepreneur and embeddedness, a theory of institutional entrepreneurship is developed to address this conflation problem. This institutional entrepreneurship offers an embedded-agency to explain how an entrepreneur can create, maintain and disrupt their embedded social settings. This embedded-agency addresses Giddens’ conflation problem and broadens the agent-centric focus of institutional entrepreneurship research.

ASD-BI

2015 ◽  
pp. 61-82
Author(s):  
Mouhib Alnoukari
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Data Mining ◽  
Tacit Knowledge ◽  
Business Intelligence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Agile Methods ◽  
Discovery Process ◽  
Agile Method ◽  
Agile Methodologies ◽  
Business Intelligence Systems

ASD-BI is an agile “marriage” between business intelligence and data mining. It is one of the first attempts to apply an Adaptive Software Development (ASD) agile method to business intelligence systems. The ASD-BI methodology's main characteristics are adaptive to environment changes, enhance knowledge capturing and sharing, and help in implementing and achieving an organization's strategy. The focus of the chapter is to demonstrate how agile methods would enhance the integration of data mining in business intelligence systems. The chapter presents ASD-BI main characteristics and provides two case studies, one on higher education and the other on (Bibliomining). The main result of the chapter is that applying agile methodologies for integrating business intelligence and data mining systems would increase transfer of tacit knowledge and raise the strategic dimension of using the knowledge discovery process.

Census as an Instrument of Political Technology in the Age of Biopolitics

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-62
Author(s):  
B.S. Butola
Keyword(s):  
Social Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Dialectical Process ◽  
Political Technology ◽  
Tools And Techniques

Human are other-driven beings. It is a dialectical process in that the need to construct the other is primarily driven by an urge for self-realisation and self actualisation. It is a universal urge in every individual and social group. It is particularly this urge to construct the other that motivates the human to venture into colonising relentlessly. Initially, colonisation was restricted to nature and its objects, but under capitalism it has become a generalised and universal phenomenon. Today, it has reached its climax after venturing into the last colony i.e. colonisation of life, its forms and processes. Human beings have used various tools and techniques for creating the colonies at different points of time. Census enumerations have adopted the universal political technologies under capitalism for the purpose of colonisation of life, its forms and processes.

The Fiscal Component of Revolution: An Essay in Fiscal Sociology

1947 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz Karl Mann
Keyword(s):  
Social Group ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Political Sociology ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
Privileged Position ◽  
Fiscal Sociology ◽  
Complete Exclusion

Throughout history, the control of public funds has been considered a cornerstone of political power. If it is true that all societies, from die dawn of civilizations to the present, have been divided into two classes, one that rules and the other that is ruled, it may be expected that the methods of raising and spending government money have been determined by one social group, generally a minority, to the complete or almost complete exclusion of the rest of the population. Such control would be intended to kill two birds with one stone, serving the direct purpose of administering the state and the indirect purpose of strengthening the privileged position of the governing group and thus prolonging their predominance. Yet studies in fiscal sociology are still in tlieir infancy. Because of their casual and hapo hazard character, they are not as yet a match for political sociology. Only during recent decades has a broader and more systematic approach been attempted.

scholarly journals Emergent Trust and Work Life Relationships: How to Approach the Relational Moment of Trust

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tone Bergljot Eikeland
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Work Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Risk And Uncertainty ◽  
Positive Part ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Cognitive Attitude

How do we trust? What does the basic mechanism of trust look like? These questions define the starting point for a comparison of the classic ideas of how trust works by Mayer et al. (1995), Möllering’s (2006) re-adaption of Giddens’, Simmel’s, and James’ classic ideas of trust, and a phenomenological approach focusing on “emergent trust.” Introducing the concept of emergent trust, the idea is to suggest a phenomenological approach to studies of trust in work-life relationships in professional organizations, as an alternative to trust as a cognitive attitude, where trust becomes a stable, individual possession. The term “emergent” demonstrates a trust that emerges in meetings between persons, it has an immediate, unconditional quality, and shows itself in situations of life where there is a potential for trust to appear. Trust’s basic relationality makes the person morally responsible for the other. Trust appears between persons, as an event, constituting risk and uncertainty as a natural and positive part of our lives. Still, in larger social settings, the responsibility of trust also disperses on to the work itself, and our wider social networks.

scholarly journals Pre- and Post-Partum Whistle Production of a BottlenoseDolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Social Group

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audra E. Ames ◽  
Riley P. Macgregor ◽  
Sara J. Wieland ◽  
Dianne M. Cameron ◽  
Stan A. Kuczaj II ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Group ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphin ◽  
Tursiops Truncatus ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sound Environment ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Signature Whistles ◽  
Signature Whistle

The signature whistle of the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) is a well-studied acoustic signal know for broadcasting identity and maintaining contact with conspecifics. Several studies have investigated the use of this signal surrounding the birth of calves to dolphin social groups, although there appears to be discrepancies between the findings of these studies. We aimed to add to the current literature in an attempt to reconcile some of these inconsistencies through investigation of signature whistle production by a bottlenose dolphin group two months prior to and two months following the birth of a calf to one of the social group members. We found that the production of signature whistles matching the contour belonging to our dolphin mother increased significantly in both the pre- and post-partum period. Heightened production of the mother’s signature whistle type in the first week of our focal calf’s life supports the establishment of a recognition system within this time period. Given that learning processes associated with the sound environment appear to begin shortly after calf birth, we also explored the signature whistle rates of the other social group members in an effort to determine whether any signature whistle production influenced the development of the dolphin calf’s own signature whistle type. We found that the signature whistles of the other social group members were significantly lower than production of the mother’s signature whistle until after the first week post-partum. None of the signature whistle types appeared to influence the signature whistle development of our focal calf within the scope of this study, however, as the calf did not develop a signature whistle in her first two months of life.

Anthropology and Islamic Law

2015 ◽  
pp. 132-148
Author(s):  
John R. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Collaborative Relationships ◽  
Marriage And Divorce ◽  
Marriage Contracts ◽  
Social Settings

The anthropology of Islamic law is concerned centrally with observing and analyzing practices governed by explicit norms that are given Islamic justification, from commercial transactions to marriage and divorce to rituals of worship. This article traces the work of anthropologists in courtrooms and in informal social settings, and the process of developing collaborative relationships with text-based scholars. It highlights two recurrent tensions: one between “law” and the Islamic categories of shari‘a/fiqh/hukm, the other between emphasizing cultural distinctiveness and emphasizing cross-societal processes of interpreting and applying Islamic texts and tradition. Included in the treatment are shari‘a councils, fatwa bodies, mahr and marriage contracts, medical ethics, and realms of ‘ibadat.

scholarly journals Personality, Attitude and Behavioural Components of Financial Literacy: A Comparative Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Erzsébet Németh ◽  
Boglárka Zsótér
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
The Other ◽  
Psychological Vulnerability ◽  
Group Sharing ◽  
Research Show

Since the financial crisis in 2008 the investigation of financial literacy–especially its components (personality, attitudes, behaviour etc.) - is in the limelight. Modern economics have recognized that in order to effectively forecast financial and economic processes it is primordial to understand the attitudes of the members of society toward finances, as well as the characteristics of various social group sharing the same views and behaviours. In 2015 two relevant pieces of research were conducted in this topic in Hungary. One focuses on the financial personality types, while the other investigates Hungarians’ financial culture in general based on the research methodology of the OECD. Based on these two databases our comparative study highlights the main characteristics of financial personality types. The three clusters based on the OECD research cover the nine personality types from the results of the other Hungarian research. Our findings show that the cluster of “anxious unsatisfied” encapsulates the “economizers with little money”, the “price sensitive” and the “collector” personality types. Furthermore, the “satisfied conscious” covers the “order creates value”, the “diligent” and the “planner” personality types. Finally, the “moderately anxious unconsidered” involves the “ups and downs”, the “money-devouring” and the “cannot control finances” personality types. The clusters identified during the research show idiosyncratic financial and psychological vulnerability and/or protection.

scholarly journals Pertarungan Kuasa dalam Wacana Islam Nusantara

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Ahmad Khoirul Fata ◽  
Moh. Nor Ichwan
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Power Struggle ◽  
Islamic Movements ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama

This article examines power struggle in the discourse of Islam Nusantara which becomes very popular in contemporary Indonesian Islam. The idea of Islam Nusantara is not different from Islam in general, but with distinctive charactericstics, such as tawâzun, i‘tidâl, and tawassut}. The proponents of this idea claim that their intellectual framework is based on the principle of maslah}ah mursalah, istih}sân, and ‘urf. Using critical discourse analysis, this article attempts to see the other side of Islam Nusantara discourse. This study is based on an assumption that language and discourse are not only an instrument to convey ideas, but also a means to construct social reality. Social activities are always related to and constructed by their social settings. This article argues that the discourse of Islam Nusantara emerges as a part of struggle for influence between mainstream Islamic movements, such as Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah, and new transnational Islamic movements, such as Tarbiyah, Hizbut Tahrir, and Salafis. The use of the term Islam Nusantara is indeed the effort of mainstream Islamic movements to create the image of indigenous Islamic movements, different from the newly imported Islamic movements. However, the discourse of Islam Nusantara seems to be reductionist and monolithic in perceiving diverse realities of Islam in Nusantara.

Reusing Services through Context-Aware Discovery and Adaptation in Pervasive Systems

2014 ◽  
pp. 1956-2013
Author(s):  
Javier Cubo ◽  
Ernesto Pimentel
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Adaptation Process ◽  
Context Aware ◽  
Discovery Process ◽  
Standard Practice ◽  
Pervasive Systems ◽  
Develop Software ◽  
The One ◽  
Adaptation Processes

Reusing of software entities, such as components or services, to develop software systems has matured in recent years. However, it has not become standard practice yet, since using pre-existing software requires the selection, composition, adaptation, and evolution of prefabricated software parts. Recent research approaches have independently tackled the discovery, composition, or adaptation processes. On the one hand, the discovery process aims at discovering the most suitable services for a request. On the other hand, the adaptation process solves, as automatically as possible, mismatch cases which may be given at the different interoperability levels among interfaces by generating a mediating adaptor based on an adaptation contract. In this chapter, the authors present the DAMASCo framework, which focuses on composing services in mobile and pervasive systems accessed through their public interfaces, by means of context-aware discovery and adaptation. DAMASCo has been implemented and evaluated on several examples.

Reusing Services through Context-Aware Discovery and Adaptation in Pervasive Systems

2012 ◽  
pp. 90-147
Author(s):  
Javier Cubo ◽  
Ernesto Pimentel
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Adaptation Process ◽  
Context Aware ◽  
Discovery Process ◽  
Standard Practice ◽  
Pervasive Systems ◽  
Develop Software ◽  
The One ◽  
Adaptation Processes

Reusing of software entities, such as components or services, to develop software systems has matured in recent years. However, it has not become standard practice yet, since using pre-existing software requires the selection, composition, adaptation, and evolution of prefabricated software parts. Recent research approaches have independently tackled the discovery, composition, or adaptation processes. On the one hand, the discovery process aims at discovering the most suitable services for a request. On the other hand, the adaptation process solves, as automatically as possible, mismatch cases which may be given at the different interoperability levels among interfaces by generating a mediating adaptor based on an adaptation contract. In this chapter, the authors present the DAMASCo framework, which focuses on composing services in mobile and pervasive systems accessed through their public interfaces, by means of context-aware discovery and adaptation. DAMASCo has been implemented and evaluated on several examples.

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