scholarly journals Absence of mutagenic activity in the bacterial reverse mutation assay with pulegone and peppermint oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 239784732093866
Author(s):  
Maria Bastaki ◽  
Vivian Lu ◽  
Michel Aubanel ◽  
Heidi Bialk ◽  
Christopher Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Peppermint Oil ◽  
Reverse Mutation ◽  
Exogenous Metabolic Activation ◽  
Mutation Assay

The essential oil of peppermint and one of its natural constituents, (R)-(+)-pulegone, are approved flavorings added to food worldwide. (R)-(+)-Pulegone and peppermint oil were tested separately in two independent bacterial reverse mutation assays according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Guideline 471. Both flavorings did not produce any evidence of mutagenicity up to cytotoxic concentrations in either the presence or the absence of exogenous metabolic activation.

Evaluation of the Genotoxicity of Extracts of Houttuynia cordata Thunb.

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (05) ◽  
pp. 1019-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Keun Kang ◽  
Dae Sik Hah ◽  
Chung Hui Kim ◽  
Euikyung Kim ◽  
Jong Shu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Chromosome Aberration ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Houttuynia Cordata ◽  
Reverse Mutation ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes ◽  
Houttuynia Cordata Thunb ◽  
Mutation Assay

The present study was conducted to evaluate the activity of methanol extracts from Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (HC) in a reverse mutation assay in Salmonella typhimurium, and a chromosome aberration assay in the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line and to evaluate its effect on the occurrence of polychromatic erythrocytes in mice. In the reverse mutation assay using Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537 and Escherichia coli WP2urvA-, methanol extracts of HC (5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.62, or 0.312 mg/plate) did not induce reverse mutations in the presence or absence of an S9 metabolic activation mixture. In the chromosome aberration test using CHO cells, methanol extracts (1.25, 2.5 or 5 μg/ml) caused a few incidences of structural and numerical aberrations, in both of absence or presence of an S9 metabolic activation mixture, but in comparison with the positive control group, these incidences were not significantly increased. In the mouse micronucleus test, no significant increases in the occurrence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes were observed in male ICR mice that were orally administered methanol extracts of HC at doses of 2.0, 1.0, or 0.5 g/kg. From these results, we concluded that the methanol extracts of HC did not induce harmful effects on genes in bacteria, a mammalian cell system or in mouse bone marrow cells. Thus, HC's use for health promotion and/or a sick remedy for humans may be safe.

scholarly journals An in vitro genotoxicity study of silver amalgam on Ames test

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram Hassan ◽  
S.A Omar ◽  
Zaihan Ariffin
Keyword(s):  
Ames Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Silver Amalgam ◽  
Mutation Assay ◽  
In Vitro Genotoxicity

Silver amalgam/Silverfil Argentum® is a ‘Malaysian made amalgam’ has already been approved to be free from cytotoxicity, however its genotoxic effect has not been explored yet as biocompatible material. The objective of this study was to identify the genotoxic characteristic of silver amalgam by using Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay (Ames test). This was a descriptive experimental study involving one strain of mutated Salmonella. The test material was evaluated in one mutated strain of Salmonella typhimurium TA1538 with and without an external metabolic activation system (S9 Mix). The bacteria were incubated for 48 hours at 37±0.5ºC before the colony growth or revertant colonies were counted. Data obtained were analyzed by using non-statistical method. The investigation of the genotoxic reaction on the test material revealed thatthe number of revertant colonies in both strains with and without S9 Mix were less than twice of the negative control even in the presence of high silver amalgam concentrations (5.0μg/ml). This study demonstratedthat the test material did not exhibit any mutagenic activity under the chosen conditions. Thus, silver amalgam could be considered to have no genotoxicity effect.

scholarly journals In VitroandIn VivoGenotoxicity Assessment ofAristolochia manshuriensisKom.

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youn-Hwan Hwang ◽  
Taesoo Kim ◽  
Won-Kyung Cho ◽  
Hye Jin Yang ◽  
Dong Hoon Kwak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Aberration ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Reverse Mutation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chromosomal Aberration Test ◽  
Mutation Assay

Arisolochiae speciesplants containing aristolochic acids I and II (AA I and AA II) are well known to cause aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN). Recently, there are various approaches to use AAs-containing herbs after the removal of their toxic factors. However, there is little information about genotoxicity ofArisolochiae manshuriensisKom. (AMK)per se. To obtain safety information for AMK, its genotoxicity was evaluated in accordance with OECD guideline. To evaluate genotoxicity of AMK, we tested bacterial reverse mutation assay, chromosomal aberration test, and micronucleus test. Here, we also determined the amounts of AA I and II in AMK (2.85 ± 0.08 and 0.50 ± 0.02 mg/g extract, resp.). In bacterial reverse mutation assay, AMK dose-dependently increased revertant colony numbers in TA98, TA100 and TA1537 regardless of metabolic activation. AMK increased the incidence of chromosomal aberration in Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells, but there was no statistically significant difference. The incidences of micronucleus in bone marrow erythrocyte were significantly increased in mice after oral administration of AMK (5000 mg/kg), comparing with those of vehicle group (P<0.05). The results of three standard tests suggest that the genotoxicity of AMK is directly related to the AAs contents in AMK.

The antimutagenic activity of Lavandula angustifolia (lavender) essential oil in the bacterial reverse mutation assay

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1381-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. Evandri ◽  
L. Battinelli ◽  
C. Daniele ◽  
S. Mastrangelo ◽  
P. Bolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antimutagenic Activity ◽  
Lavandula Angustifolia ◽  
Reverse Mutation ◽  
Mutation Assay

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes: Lack of mutagenic activity in the bacterial reverse mutation assay

2009 ◽  
Vol 184 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Di Sotto ◽  
Massimo Chiaretti ◽  
Giovanna Angela Carru ◽  
Stefano Bellucci ◽  
Gabriela Mazzanti
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Reverse Mutation ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Mutation Assay ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

scholarly journals Origanum majoranaEssential Oil Lacks Mutagenic Activity in theSalmonella/Microsome and Micronucleus Assays

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea dos Santos Dantas ◽  
Luiz Carlos Klein-Júnior ◽  
Miriana S. Machado ◽  
Temenouga N. Guecheva ◽  
Luciana D. dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Lung Fibroblasts ◽  
Chromosome Mutation ◽  
Origanum Majorana

The present study aimed to investigate thein vitromutagenic activity ofOriganum majoranaessential oil. The most abundant compounds identified by GC-MS wereγ-terpinene (25.73%),α-terpinene (17.35%), terpinen-4-ol (17.24%), and sabinene (10.8%). Mutagenicity was evaluated by theSalmonella/microsome test using the preincubation procedure on TA98, TA97a, TA100, TA102, and TA1535Salmonella typhimuriumstrains, in the absence or in the presence of metabolic activation. Cytotoxicity was detected at concentrations higher than 0.04 μL/plate in the absence of S9 mix and higher than 0.08 μL/plate in the presence of S9 mix and no gene mutation increase was observed. For thein vitromammalian cell micronucleus test, V79 Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts were used. Cytotoxicity was only observed at concentrations higher than or equal to 0.05 μg/mL. Moreover, when tested in noncytotoxic concentrations,O. majoranaessential oil was not able to induce chromosome mutation. The results from this study therefore suggest thatO. majoranaessential oil is not mutagenic at the concentrations tested in theSalmonella/microsome and micronucleus assays.

Genotoxicity Studies on Sel-Plex®, a Standardized, Registered High-Selenium Yeast

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 477-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Griffiths ◽  
Ray A. Matulka ◽  
Ronan Power
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Aberration ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Selenium Yeast ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Reverse Mutation ◽  
High Selenium ◽  
Chromosome Aberration Test

Selenium, recognized as an essential nutrient for human health, is a component of proteins and enzymes required for various biological functions and is currently being used as a feed supplement for livestock in geographical areas that are naturally low in selenium. Selenium is structurally similar to sulfur, replacing the sulfur atom in stoichiometric amounts and thus functions through an association with proteins, termed selenoproteins. In geographic areas low in selenium, there is the potential for animals (including humans) to become selenium deficient and this potential deficiency can be remedied by consumption of exogenous selenium, including selenium-enriched yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae) that contains high levels of organic selenium (e.g., selenized yeast). A unique, standardized, registered high selenium food-grade baker’s yeast ( S. cerevisiae; Sel-Plex®), was tested in the following battery of Genotoxicity assays; (1) a bacterial reverse mutation test (Ames test); (2) an in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test; and (3) a mouse micronucleus test. Under the conditions of this assay, Sel-Plex® showed no evidence of mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium, in the bacterial reverse mutation test. Sel-Plex® did not induce significant chromosomal aberrations in cultured human lymphocytes in the in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test. Sel-Plex® did not statistically increase the frequency or proportion of micronucleated immature erythrocytes in the mouse micronucleus test. Thus, from the studies presented here, the authors conclude that Sel-Plex® is nongenotoxic.

In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Mutagenicity Evaluation of Dental Leucite Glass-Ceramics from Local High Grade Silica Sand

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 979-984
Author(s):  
Siti Mazatul Azwa Bt Saiyed Mohd Nurddin ◽  
Malek B. Selamat
Keyword(s):  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Mutagenic Effect ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Reverse Mutation ◽  
Diphenyl Tetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Mutation Assay

The objective of the study was to determine the degree of biocompatibility of leucite glass-ceramics that have been produced from local high grade silica sand in terms of cytotoxicity and mutagenicity assays. In the present study, the cyctotoxicity and mutagenicity were studied using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay (MTT) and Ames Reverse Mutation. In the MTT assay, a dose response cytotoxicity of leucite sample was evaluated in L929 cells. The cells were treated with the concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50.00, 100.00 and 200.00 mg/ml of the leucite sample for 24 hours. The cytotoxicity was determined by assessing the cell viability through the reduction of tetrazolium salts (MTT). The mutagenenicity of leucite sample was evaluated inS. typhiriumTA98. TA100, TA1535, TA1537 andE. coliWP2 in the Ames Reverse Mutation assay. Mutagenic effects were evaluated by comparing the mean number of revertant colonies of each extract concentraction with mean number of revertant colonies of the negative control. In results of MTT assay evaluated that the leucite did not show a cytotoxic effect at all concentrations under the condition of the study. Ames Reverse Mutation assay result proven that the leucite sample did not demonstrate a mutagenic effect under the condition of this study withSalmonella typhimuriumandEscherichia coli.

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